Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Loessbörde

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Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Loessbörde
surface approx. 1 000  km²
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Greater region 2nd order 533, 52, 51, 50, 46, 45, 44 (without 441) →
Lößbörden
Main unit group 52 →
Lower Saxony stock exchanges
4th order region
(main unit)
520 →
Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Loessbörde
Geographical location
Coordinates 52 ° 10 '59.2 "  N , 10 ° 15' 26.6"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 10 '59.2 "  N , 10 ° 15' 26.6"  E
Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Lößbörde (Lower Saxony)
Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Loessbörde
Location Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Lößbörde
circle Hildesheim , district of Peine , Salzgitter
state Lower Saxony

The Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Lößbörde is an approximately 1000 km² large Börden landscape in the Lower Saxony districts of Hildesheim and Peine as well as the independent city of Salzgitter , to a certain extent also in the district of Wolfenbüttel , in the Hanover region and the independent city of Braunschweig , which is characterized by its extremely good black earth - Identifies loess soils . The best-known part of the landscape is the Hildesheimer Börde in the southwest.

location

The border landscape stretches in the city pentagon from Hanover - Peine - Braunschweig - Salzgitter - Hildesheim . Inside there is an extensive urban-free agricultural landscape. In the outskirts, between the cities mentioned, there are some small and medium-sized towns. The natural landscape boundaries are the Leine in the north west , in the north the declining soil quality towards the adjoining Burgdorf-Peiner Geest (the border is roughly along the A 2 ), in the east the Oker and in the south the increase in altitude to the Innerstebergland (from east to west) Salzgitter mountain range (up to 323  m ), Vorholz (up to 243  m ), and, to the south west, Giesener Mountains (southern part up to 234  m , northern part separated by the gate from Himmelsthür up to 181  m above sea level ).

In the west, beyond the Leine, borders the Calenberger Loessbörde of the Calenberger Land , in the east, beyond the Oker, the East Brunswick hill country with the Elm , to which the famous Magdeburg Börde adjoins to the east . These bordering landscapes belong to the Central European Loess Zone, which extends north of the low mountain range from Belgium to western Ukraine. As a coherent, natural, large region of the 2nd order , the Loessbörden extends on German soil from the Lübbecker Loessland north of the Wiehengebirge to Upper Lusatia .

Natural structure

The Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Loessbörde was defined in the Handbook of Natural Spatial Structure of Germany in the first mapping from 1954 and, based on those boundaries, is specified in the 6th edition of the Handbook from 1959 with an area of ​​1025.4 km². A more detailed structure was made on the individual sheets 1: 200,000 86 Hanover by Sofie Meisel in 1960 and 87 Braunschweig by Theodor Müller , who had also written the corresponding section in the manual, in 1962. The Federal Agency for Nature Conservation has, on sheets 86 Hanover and 87 Braunschweig orientating, an area of ​​848 km² determined, which, however, leaves out the parts that fall into the agglomerations of Hanover and Braunschweig.

All sub-natural areas of the Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Lößbörde are listed below:

The (natural) Hildesheimer Börde (520.3) in the south-west is followed by the Ilseder Börde (520.4) to the east, without a sharp dividing line, which merges into the Lebenstedter Börde (520.6) to the southeast. Between Ilseder and Lebenstedter Börde pushes the Nettlinger Ridge (520.5) in the southwest of the seam, in the northeast the Alvesser Niederung, which also separates the Denstorfer Loessplatte (520.8) in the extreme northeast from the Ilseder Börde.

To the northwest, the Hildesheimer Börde is bounded by the Gödringer Berge (520.1), which in turn separate the Kirchroder Hügelland (520.0) in the far northwest. To the east, the latter two landscapes are replaced by the Mehrumer Bördenrand (520.2), which merges without sharp dividing lines to the south on a narrow strip into the Hildesheimer and to the southeast into the Ilseder Börde.

If the Hildesheimer Börde is defined as the intersection of the overall landscape with the district of Hildesheim , it has, in addition to the natural Hildesheimer Börde, in the east from Schellerten to Hoheneggelsen and Söhlde , shares in the Ilseder Börde, from Nettlingen to south of Söhldes on the Nettlinger Ridge and south-east of which minimal on the Lebenstedter Börde. In the north, north of the line from Sarstedt to Algermissen , it has shares in the Gödringer Mountains near Bledeln and Lühnde .

The highest elevations of the Bördeland are artificial; The cable car mountain at Lengede reaches 157  m , two potash heaps near Sehnde 144  m (immediately southwest) and 155  m (north) and the potash heap near Giesen , on the northern extension of the Giesener Berge and the interface with the Calenberger Börde, 150  m above sea level. NHN .

View of the Hildesheimer Börde from the motorway service station of the same name on the BAB 7 in north direction. In the foreground the B 6 as an avenue . On the left in the picture above the third visible group of trees on the avenue, two potash heaps near Sehnde 20 km away, above the sixth tree interval the Clauen sugar factory with white chimney and buildings, above the ninth tree interval the gray power plant around 20 km away
Mehrum .

Floors

Black Earth in Harsum near the black soil profile Asel , in the background Borsumer wood as one of the few German forests on Black Earth

The area of ​​the Hildesheimer Börde is almost completely covered by a veil of Ice Age loess up to two meters thick. The soils are the most fertile in Germany. They have been used in agriculture for over 4000 years. Today, the Bördoels ensure record harvests for the local agriculture . This means that demanding crops such as sugar beets and wheat can be grown. An average of 0.8 kg of wheat or 5.5 kg of sugar beet are harvested per square meter. The dark soil color increases the temperature of the soil. This extends the period of annual plant growth.

Forests and settlements

The area is a gently undulating landscape with a hilly relief. It is used extensively as an agricultural landscape. Forests are rare in the Börde area because of their intensive agricultural use. One can therefore also speak of a wheat or beet steppe. There are mostly only isolated trees. Shrubs and hedges along paths and streams help loosen up the landscape. The settlements are mostly clustered villages . Their houses were built close together so as not to waste valuable farmland. However, the settlements are usually only a few kilometers apart. With larger settlement areas in the outer parts of the Hildesheimer Börde, the total share of settlement areas is over ten percent.

Soil quality value

After the Second World War , the agricultural operation in Eickendorf in the Magdeburger Börde, in which the reference soil value was set in 1934, was no longer available for comparative studies in West Germany due to the division of Germany . Therefore, an agricultural enterprise in Harsum , district of Machtsum , located within the Hildesheimer Börde, was set up as a federal straightening company for soil quality . This is rated with the agricultural reference number (LVZ) 100. Machtsum is ten kilometers northeast of Hildesheim . In later measurements an even higher value with the LVZ of 102.8 was found for Mölme . It is the highest value ever measured in Germany. Mölme is located about 15 km northeast of Hildesheim in the Ilseder Börde and is part of the municipality of Söhlde .

traffic

The BAB 7 crosses the Hildesheimer Börde in its western area. The elevated motorway service station Hildesheimer Börde a few kilometers south-east of Hildesheim offers an approximately 20 km wide view to the north of the landscape. In the extreme north-west, through Kirchroder Hügelland and Mehrumer Bördenrand, the Mittelland Canal runs in a west-east direction, which further east always remains north of the natural area. The Fuhse crosses the Ilseder Börde from southeast to north.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. a b Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (Editor): Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  2. ^ A b c d Sofie Meisel: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 86 Hanover. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1960. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  3. a b c Theodor Müller : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 87 Braunschweig. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 4.8 MB)
  4. Landscape profile Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Lößbörde of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )

literature

Web links