Calenberger Loessbörde

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Calenberger Loessbörde
Alternative names Calenberger Börde
surface 684 km²
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Greater region 2nd order 533, 52, 51, 50, 46, 45, 44 (without 441) →
Lößbörden
Main unit group 52 →
Lower Saxony stock exchanges
4th order region
(main unit)		 521 →
Calenberger Loessbörde
Geographical location
Coordinates 52 ° 16 '35.6 "  N , 9 ° 42' 8.3"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 16 '35.6 "  N , 9 ° 42' 8.3"  E
Calenberger Lößbörde (Lower Saxony)
Calenberger Loessbörde
Location Calenberger Lößbörde
state Lower Saxony

The Calenberger Loessbörde ( Lössbörde ), also known as the Calenberger Börde , is a 684 km² landscape that is located to the west and south-west of the Lower Saxony state capital, Hanover . It lies in the area of ​​the historic Calenberger Land , after which it was named. The Calenberger Loessbörde is characterized by a mighty layer of loess that was created during the Ice Age . The soil , blown by the wind, has developed fertile soils that are used intensively for agriculture as arable land .

View from Annaturm on the Deister towards Hanover over the northern area of ​​the Calenberger Loessbörde

location

The Calenberger Lößbörde borders in the north, roughly delimited by the Mittelland Canal , on the lowland of the Leine near Wunstorf , which connects to the neighboring Lössbörde of the Bückeberg foreland, and in the northeast on the city of Hanover . The Hannoversche Moorgeest with its gravelly sandy soil joins with or beyond the Leineniederung from Hanover .

The western border is formed by the Calenberger Bergland with the Deister in the north. To the south of the Deister, the Börde appears again and again like a bay between individual mountain ranges. At Springe she steps between Deister and the Little Deister , which turns south into the Osterwald ; at Coppenbrügge it goes between Osterwald and the Ith , which introduces the Alfelder Bergland as a south-western to southern neighboring landscape. Separated by further clear depressions, the Thüster Berg and the Külf follow in a counterclockwise direction , on the other side of the Leine the Seven Mountains . To the east of Gronau, the Alfelder Bergland merges into the Innerstebergland with the Hildesheim Forest as the southeastern neighboring landscape, whose northern foothills, the Giesener Berge and Osterberg, are already separated by a corridor to Hildesheim near Himmelsthür .

In the east, which borders Brunswick-Hildesheim Lößbörde to which the right of Oker in the Ostbraunschweigisches hills southeast of Brunswick with the Elm goes, this is something beyond the upper Aller finally in the famous Magdeburg . These bordering landscapes belong to the Central European Loess Zone, which extends north of the low mountain range from Belgium to western Ukraine . In the northern low mountain range threshold, however , the greater region of the 2nd order of the Loessbörden ends to the west in the Lübbecker Loessland , which connects beyond the Bückeberg foreland and the Weser valley near Minden.

The area of ​​the Calenberger Loessbörde belongs to the Hanover region and the districts of Hildesheim , Schaumburg and Hameln-Pyrmont . In addition to the Leine, rivers and streams in the landscape are the Ihme , the Südaue , the Möseke and the Haller . Larger towns are Barsinghausen , Elze , Gronau , Nordstemmen , Pattensen and Wennigsen .

Natural structure

The Calenberger Loessbörde was defined in the Handbook of Natural Spatial Structure of Germany in the first mapping from 1954 as Kalenberger Loessbörde and, based on those boundaries, is specified in the 6th edition of the Handbook from 1959 with an area of ​​700.3 km². Sofie Meisel , who also wrote the relevant section in the manual, gave a more detailed breakdown in 1960 on single sheet 1: 200,000 86 Hanover . Based on sheet 86 Hanover, the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation has determined an area of ​​684 km².

All sub-natural areas of the Calenberger Loessbörde are given below; In addition, island-like mountain ranges with an altitude above sea ​​level as well as the surrounding rock ( red sandstone , shell limestone , Keuper , Jura , chalk ) are listed:

Floors

Soil profile of Parabraunerde with the clay
enrichment
horizon Bt

The soils of the Calenberger Loessbörde are characterized by a layer of loess that is up to 2 meters thick . It was formed during and after the Vistula glaciation as the last ice age by wind blowing, which the substrate deposited in front of the low mountain range threshold. In the course of time, the soils on the loess developed mainly into parabrown soils with a profound humosity . The thick humus horizon seems to be the result of long-term arable use with the accumulation of organic matter in the soil. It is still not clear why the soil type of parabrown earth was largely formed in this area and not, as in the neighboring Hildesheim Börde, black earth . Relics of former black earth soils can only be found in small areas in the Calenberger Börde in the areas of Harenberg , Pattensen and in the Kirchwehrener Forest. In the soil profile , the Calenberger Bördelandschaft has a clay- impoverished and bleached topsoil . In the subsoil from a depth of around 50 cm there is a 40 cm thick, reddish-brown clay enrichment horizon. This leveling was created by shifting clay downwards, which began under the forest in the damp Atlantic .

Land use and vegetation

Early human settlement activities on the good arable soils of the Lössbörde already existed in prehistoric times , which can be seen from archaeological sites such as the urn burial site at Hohnhorst and the Iron Age settlement near Bantorf . Today, the strongly undulating and barely structured landscape is used intensively for agriculture, especially for sugar beet and wheat cultivation . Most of the villages have been laid out as densely built-up clustered villages so as not to waste the precious arable land. Due to the fertile soil, many estates and manors were created in the area . In the northern area of ​​the Börde in the Calenberger Land, these are plants in Bredenbeck , Stemmen , Wichtringhausen , Grossgoltern, Langreder , Eckerde , Egestorf , Lemmie , Leveste , Bennigsen and Hemmingen .

Grain harvest in the Börde between Gehrdener Berg and Deister

The natural vegetation in the Calenberger Lößbörde consists of mixed beech forests on dry and oak-hornbeam forests on moist locations. Gradually the forests gave way to agriculture, so that the area is now very poorly forested. Maps of the Kurhannoversche Landaufnahme from 1781 show a landscape situation in which the villages and their fields are largely surrounded by forests. The forest stands that still exist today are mainly found in the area of ​​heights such as the Gehrdener Berg and the Benther Berg as well as in damp locations in the lowlands, where gleye and pseudogleye predominate in the ground . Gravel and sand are extracted in numerous places along the Leine , which led to a large number of quarry ponds.

literature

  • Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (editor): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg, 6th delivery 1959 (section written by Theodor Müller).
  • Sofie Meisel: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 86 Hanover. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1960. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  • Friedrich Bailly: On the socialization of soils from loess in the northern Calenberger Börde , habilitation thesis at the TU Hannover , Faculty for Horticulture and Regional Culture, Hannover, 1973, in: Geological Yearbook ( table of contents )
  • Bruno Heinemann: The floors in the Nienburg - Hanover - Hildesheim area in: Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments , Volume 48, Mainz, 1981
  • Rudolf Lüders: On the formation of deeply humorous soils in the Calenberger Loessbörde near Hanover , 1983

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Calenberger Loessbörde landscape profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (editor): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  3. ^ A b Sofie Meisel: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 86 Hanover. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1960. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  4. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  5. ↑ Experience nature in Lower Saxony ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Map service of the Lower Saxony Ministry for the Environment, Energy and Climate Protection @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  6. ↑ GeoViewer of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials ( information )
  7. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Süllberg summit with individual 199 markings @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  8. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the potash heap near Empelde @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  9. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Bettenser Berg @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  10. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Limberg summit @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  11. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the highest place of Abraham @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  12. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Schulenburger Berg @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  13. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the southern summit of the Limberg @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  14. ↑ The street Am Kirschberg leads to the highest point.
  15. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the north of Elzes with a relatively spacious 114  m line @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  16. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Sonnenberg summit @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  17. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the potash mountain / potash works Siegfried @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  18. ↑ The Große Rammelsberg is a spur protruding from the Hildesheim forest to the southwest and orographically not a real mountain, but steeply sloping to the southwest to the valley of the Leine and only moderately rising to the northeast
  19. ↑ Map view (AK 2.5) ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Great Rammelsberg @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
  20. ↑ EXPO Tour 6 Hanover - Hameln