Gehrdener Berg
| Gehrdener Berg | |
|---|---|
 Slope of the Gehrdener Berg (late summer, 2009) |
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| Highest peak | Burgberg ( 155 m above sea level ) |
| location | at Gehrden ; Hanover region ; Lower Saxony ( Germany ) |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 19 ′ N , 9 ° 35 ′ E |
The Gehrdener Berg is about 155 m above sea level. NHN , 4.5 km long and wooded ridge of the Calenberger Land , on the eastern slope of which the city of Gehrden in the Hanover region is located. Its highest point is the castle hill .
geography
location
The Gehrdener Berg is located in the Calenberger Land between the ridges and elevations of Benther Berg ( 173.3 m ) in the northeast, Süllberg ( 198.2 m ) in the southeast, Deister ( 405 m ) in the southwest and Stemmer Berg ( 122.8 m ) in the Northwest. Around the ridge are the Gehrden core town in the east and the Gehrden districts of Lemmie in the south-south-east, Redderse in the west, Leveste in the north-west, Ditterke in the north-north-west and Everloh in the north-north-east as well as the core town of Wennigsen in the south-south-west and its district Degersen in the south-west.
To the east and north the landscape of the Gehrdener Berg slopes down to the Haferriede , the water of which through the Möseke reaches the south floodplain (Levester Bach) flowing west of the ridge , and to the south to the Wennigser Mühlbach , which flows into the Ihme , which runs southeast of the ridge .
On it and its northern and southern area lies the conservation area Gehrdener Berg ( CDDA -No 321,028;. 1968 reported, 8.5 square kilometers in size).
Natural allocation
The Gehrdener Berg belongs to the natural spatial main unit group Lower Saxony Börden (No. 52), in the main unit Calenberger Lößbörde (521) and in the subunit Hannoversche Börde (521.0) to the natural area Gehrdener Loesshügel (521.01).
Surveys
The elevations of the Gehrdener Berg are - sorted from north to south with height in meters (m) above sea level (MSL; unless otherwise stated according to):
- Burgberg (155 m), in the north, between Gehrden and Leveste
- Elevation at Berggasthaus Niedersachsen (129.5 m), in the northern center, between Gehrden and Redderse
- Köthnerberg (136 m), in the southern center, between Gehrden and Redderse
- Suerser Berg (144 m), in the south, between Gehrden and Degersen
- Kniggenberg (120 m), in the south, between Gehrden and Lemmie
geology
The Gehrdener Berg consists of different layers, in which the geological development of the Calenberger Land is reflected. Again and again the land was covered by seas. The best-known evidence comes from the Zechstein , a phase of the Permian . The then shallow sea dried up and left behind several salt deposits that were dismantled in the immediate vicinity of Benthe and Ronnenberg in the 20th century.
In the following geological age, the Mesozoic , the Calenberger Land was shaped by the constant change between land and water. Seas repeatedly covered the landscape, then fell dry and left sediments behind. In the Triassic period it was mainly red sandstone that made up the entire Benther Berg. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods , clay, limestone, limestone and marl layers were deposited, which today determine the geology of the Gehrdener Berg.
Parts of the large clay layer of the Gehrdener Berg were mined by the brickworks on its northern edge and mainly burned into bricks. There is an abundance of fossils in the clay layer, especially well-preserved ammonites . In a site report by the Hanover Paleontology Working Group, it says:
“The Gehrdener Berg is a classic area of fossil sites that is of interest as a type locality for paleontological research. The special importance of the ridge, the wealth of fossils of which was recognized by paleontologists over 100 years ago, lies in the large number of new species that were first known, named, described and illustrated from there. "
The limestone of the Gehrdener Berg emerged from a reef of bog animals in the chalk sea. The porous rock was called "Luffen", as early as 1250 it was quarried in the quarry on Burgberg (near today's Wandervogelheim) and used for the construction of the Margarethenkirche in Gehrden. The church in Leveste and the Struckmeyer mill on the ridge also got their stones from this quarry. Remnants of mussels, especially the oyster species Ostrea and a scallop species, can be found in the limestones .
Also in the marl layer of the Gehrdener Berg there are fossils, especially belemnites , also called thunderbolts . The fossilized remains of these cephalopods can be found in an area known as the “marl cave” on the western slope of the mountain.
In the Quaternary , the Ice Age, the glaciers transported rocks to the Gehrdener Berg area that were not originally found here. This foreign rubble is called debris . Granite can be found in parts of the marl layer , and some boulders from this period. The loess layer around the ridge, which lies in the area of the Calenberger Loessbörde, also dates from this time . Downwinds over the glaciers, further north, transported fine dust, which was deposited and today forms the basis for the fertile fields of the surrounding area.
history
First traces of settlement
From the Stone Age, objects such as axes, vessels and stone tools were found in the area of Gehrdener Berg. Since these are individual finds, it is not certain whether there was permanent settlement in this area as early as the Stone Age . In 1902 there was an important find on the ridge. A bricklayer from Gehrden found 30 Roman denarius coins while clearing stucco in a spruce plot in Degersen . The oldest date from the time of Gaius Iulius Caesar (100–44 BC).
Ring wall
On the northern tip of the Gehrdener Berg, the Burgberg , there is an oval ring wall with the dimensions of 140 x 75 meters. Archaeological excavations in 1931, 1933 and 2013 could not clarify the time when the facility was built. It is carefully estimated in the period between the birth of Christ and the early Middle Ages . Wall and the ditch in front of it are still clearly visible today in the densely wooded area.
The Burgbergturm was built within the ramparts in 1897/98 , with a restaurant at the beginning of the 20th century, which was a popular destination for residents from the nearby city of Hanover looking for relaxation .
Middle Ages and Modern Times
During the medieval clearing and settlement phase from the 9th to the 12th centuries, four villages arose around Gehrdener Berg: Gehrden, Spehr, Stehr and Südersen. While three places fell desolate , Gehrden still exists today; the place received in 1298 the freedom letter of Count Adolf VI. from Schaumburg .
At the end of the 19th century, the Gehrdener Berg developed into a popular excursion destination, especially for the residents of nearby Hanover. The number of visitors rose significantly from 1898 onwards, as the Lower Saxony mountain inn had been opened, which Emil-Werner Baule had built for Hannoversche Straßenbahn AG . At the same time, the extension of an overland route of the Hanover tram reached Gehrden, from whose depot in Gehrden a branch line led directly to the ridge up to the mountain inn. The branch line was closed in 1917 (see also history of the Hanover tram, line 10 ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Topographic map with northern and central parts of Gehrdener Berg ( memento of the original from August 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and Burgberg in the north (DTK 50; for mountain heights see top contour lines in AK 5 and 2.5), on natur-erleben.niedersachsen.de
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Ordinance on the Gehrdener Berg landscape protection area (LSG – H 24), accessed on January 3, 2015, on hannover.de (PDF, 42.94 kB)
- ^ Berggasthaus Niedersachsen (history), in: Gehrdenerviews , on gehrdener-ansichten.de
literature
- Werner Fütterer: Gehrden - From the spot to the large community. Gehrden 1991
- August Kageler: History of the city of Gehrden. Gehrden 1950
Web links
- Photo from Gehrdener Berg , on gehrdenerberg.de
- Burgbergturm , in: Gehrdener views , description of the Burgbergturm and excursion restaurant Burgbergturm (with historical architectural drawings, photos and postcards), on gehrdener-ansichten.de