Ronnenberg

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Ronnenberg (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′  N , 9 ° 39 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Hanover region
Height :	73 m above sea level NHN
Area :	37.78 km 2
Residents:	24,393 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	646 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	30952
Primaries :	0511, 05109, 05108
License plate :	H
Community key :	03 2 41 014
City structure:	7 districts
City administration address :	Hansastrasse 38 30952 Ronnenberg
Website :	www.ronnenberg.de
Mayoress :	Stephanie Harms ( CDU )
Location of the city of Ronnenberg in the Hanover region

Ronnenberg is a city in the Hanover region in Lower Saxony .

geography

Ronnenberg is located in the Calenberger Land in the southwest of the region and borders the state capital Hanover , Hemmingen , Springe , Wennigsen (Deister) and Gehrden (clockwise, starting in the northeast).

Ronnenberg is divided into the districts of Benthe (with the village of Sieben Trappen ), Empelde , Ihme-Roloven , Linderte , Ronnenberg, Vörie and Weetzen . The administrative headquarters are not in Ronnenberg, but in the greater Empelde.

history

The Michaeliskirche in Ronnenberg

The seven districts of the city of Ronnenberg

The place name Ronnenberg comes from the Indo-European period, so it is of pre-Christian origin. The archaeologist Tobias Gärtner confirms this thesis of the name researcher Jürgen Udolph with the dating of a settlement on site, which he assigns to the late Latène period . Since the turn of the times, this settlement on the Ronnenberger Beeken has stabilized so that a 2000-year settlement continuity can be forecast.

Early written evidence usually says little about the true age of a settlement. You can find them in the 9th century at Empelde and Ronnenberg and then again continuously from the 10th century to Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg was mentioned for the first time in the Runibergun document of Widukind von Corvey from 968. The eponymous district also gained importance as a church center and court. The Michaeliskirche was built in the 12th century; the portal of the former Boniface Chapel with Merovingian and Lombard style elements, which is documented in 1078 , was built into its outer wall . In 1466, Ronnenberg became the seat of the highest regional court in the Calenberger Land.

With the Reformation the Protestant faith was established in the Calenberg region. The reformer Antonius Corvinus and other men organized the church, school and judicial systems in the Evangelical Lutheran sense. Corvin was appointed superintendent based in Pattensen . In 1543 a comprehensive church visit took place in Ronnenberg. In 1589 the Evangelical Lutheran Church District Ronnenberg was established. Since then, Ronnenberg has been the seat of the still existing Superintendentur Ronnenberg.

In the Napoleonic period, Ronnenberg came under French military administration and in 1810 to the newly created Kingdom of Westphalia and from 1814 to the new Kingdom of Hanover and after 1866 to Prussia. During this time, agricultural reforms and a new trade law created the basis for a rapid economic upturn. Almost at the same time as the connection to the Hanover – Altenbeken railway line in 1872, industrialization began with sugar production and potash mining.

In contrast to large parts of the German Empire, the Calenberger Land was hardly affected by political and social unrest after the collapse of the German Empire in 1918. Only after the currency reform in the second half of the 1920s did the situation gradually improve again for the population. The share of the population employed in agriculture decreased steadily, but more craft and commercial enterprises settled.

In 1929 the family coat of arms of the ministerial family zu Ronnenberg became the official coat of arms of the municipality of Ronnenberg.

After 1933, Ronnenberg was also shaped by the National Socialist dictatorship. Between 1937 and 1939, 25 people and thus the entire Ronnenberg synagogue community were evicted. Three of the displaced died in the Holocaust. The others were able to flee to Switzerland, France, the USA, Brazil and Uruguay. In 2005 and 2019, a total of 25 stumbling blocks were laid in Ronnenberg for them (see section "Remembrance work"). The Jewish cemetery in Ronnenberg was occupied between 1846 and 1933. In 2001 and 2019 three symbolic graves were erected there. In the bombing war from 1942 onwards, Empelde was hit harder because of its proximity to Hanover and the ammunition factory Dynamit Nobel AG , while the other villages that belong to today's Ronnenberg got off relatively lightly. On the night of April 8th to 9th 1945, Weetzen came under heavy fire from German shells for two hours when it was liberated by the Americans.

After the Second World War , the population increased due to the displaced persons. The 1950 census in the Hanover district shows that around 40% of the population of all seven districts that today belong to the city of Ronnenberg consisted of displaced persons and immigrants. The largest refugee camp for people displaced from the east in the Hanover district was built in Empelde. This influx of evacuees, refugees and displaced persons also determined the development in Ronnenberg significantly. The population almost doubled after the war. The displaced people, who stayed mainly in the districts of Ronnenberg, Empelde and Weetzen, shaped local life in the following years.

The merger of Ronnenberg and the surrounding communities Benthe, Empelde, Linderte, Vörie and Weetzen created the new community Ronnenberg on July 1, 1969. On March 1, 1974, her Ihme-Roloven was incorporated. On December 12, 1975, the new municipality of Ronnenberg received city rights.

Until December 31, 2004, Ronnenberg belonged to the then administrative district of Hanover . Since then, Ronnenberg has been part of the Hanover region.

Start of industrialization

Up into the 19th century, Ronnenberg and its current districts were primarily characterized by agriculture. The entrepreneur Johann Egestorff took the first steps towards industrialization when he built a brick factory in Empelde in 1831. The Egestorff fuse factory built by his son Georg Egestorff in Linden was relocated to Empelde on an open field next to the Hanover – Altenbeken railway line, today's area of ​​the “residential park on the lake”, before the First World War. Production, which was discontinued in 1928, was resumed in 1938 as part of the armament of the Wehrmacht by the new owner Dynamit AG, formerly Alfred Nobel & Co (DAG for short). After the war ended in 1945, various companies, including Telefunken , used the buildings and barracks on the site. In the 1980s, today's development with residential houses finally took place.

Mining

Already 1100 years ago, salt was extracted in the area of ​​what is now Empelde. The actual history of mining in Ronnenberg did not begin until the end of the 19th century, after Justus von Liebig's scientific work had recognized the importance of potash salt as an artificial mineral fertilizer for agriculture.

In 1894 the first deep borehole for the " Hansa-Silberberg " potash plant in Empelde was carried out. Four years later the construction of the " Albert Shaft " began in Ronnenberg, which went into operation on December 6, 1905. Since the late 1960s, more and more water has penetrated the mine, and in 1975 a freshwater vein finally broke through the shaft wall. The damage was so great that the mine had to be abandoned. Due to mining, there were various subsidence and collapses in the urban area of ​​Ronnenberg.

Parts of the salt dome are now used as caverns to store natural gas. The residue dump in Empelde is currently being coated with building rubble and humus and thereby renatured. Most of the dump at the Ronnenberg potash plant was removed by September 2005 and backfilled in the Asse mine near Wolfenbüttel. No decision has yet been made about the use of the remaining pile.

Sugar industry

Farmers from the region met on July 30, 1882 to found a peasant stock corporation, which marked the birth of the "Weetzen Sugar Factory". There were already factories in Gehrden and Bennigsen in the Calenberger Land, but the rail connection in Weetzen was a logistical advantage since 1872.

In 1883 production began in the new factory in Weetzen. After the Second World War, the factory was modernized and two 40-meter high silos were built. The sugar industry expanded, and even Cuban raw materials were temporarily processed into white sugar in Weetzen. However, like other plants in the north, the factory could not keep up with the new factories in southern Germany. The last beet campaign in Weetzen began in autumn 1986 and the factory was closed.

politics

City of Ronnenberg: Town hall in the district of Empelde

City of Ronnenberg: registry office and administrative branch in the Ronnenberg district; on the 1st floor, formerly a synagogue (prayer room) of the "Synagogue Community Ronnenberg".

advice

The council of the city or the independent municipality of Ronnenberg consists of 34 councilors. This is the specified number for a city with a population between 20,001 and 25,000. The 34 council members are elected by local elections for five years each. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021. The full-time mayor Stephanie Harms (CDU) is also entitled to vote in the city council.

The local elections on September 11, 2016 led to the following result, with a turnout of 54.26%:

SPD:	31.88%	(11 seats)
CDU:	27.99%	(9 seats)
GREEN:	13.78%	(5 seats)
FDP:	3.76%	(1 seat)
LEFT:	3.18%	(1 seat)
Free voters:	6.09%	(2 seats)
AfD:	13.33%	(5 seats)

Mayoress

Stephanie Harms (CDU) has been mayor since January 1, 2014 . In a runoff election on October 6, 2013, she received 52.8 percent. The turnout was 45.0 percent. Your predecessor Wolfgang Walther (SPD) was the first full-time mayor since 2001 and was re-elected in 2006. He took early retirement before the end of his regular term.

List of mayors and city directors of the municipality of Ronnenberg (since 1969) and the city of Ronnenberg (since 1975)

Until 2001, the mayors of the large community and the city of Ronnenberg worked on a voluntary basis, supported by a full-time community or city director. In 2001, both posts were combined to form that of full-time mayor. The Mayors:

1969:		Willi Rahlves (SPD)
1969–1971:		Ernst-Georg Hüper (SPD)
1971–1981:		Artur Sommer (SPD)
1981–1986:		Hermann Haller (CDU)
1986-1995:		Karl Kruse (SPD)
1995-1996:		Horst Rudolph (SPD)
1996-2001:		Paul Wenig (SPD)
2001-2013:		Wolfgang Walther (SPD)
since 2014:		Stephanie Harms (CDU)

During this time the following were active as community and city directors:

1969–1981:		Horst Günther Humbeck
1981-2001:		Bernhard Lippold

City Archives

The city archive is under construction. Since November 1, 2019, the city of Ronnenberg has a full-time city archivist in Matthias Biester.

The coats of arms of the 7 Ronnenberg districts with the city arms of the partner cities

Partnerships

There are municipal partnerships with the following cities and municipalities:

•  Swarzędz , Poland (since 1991)
•  Duclair , France (since 1968)
•  Ronneburg (Thuringia) , Germany (since 1991)

Architectural monuments

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Ronnenberg

Special protected monuments:

• Chapel from around 1700 in Benthe
• Manor house in Benthe as a two-story half-timbered building
• Dutch cap windmill from 1855 in Benthe
• Chapel from 1842 in Empelde, today the district library
• Manor house from the 18th century in Ihme-Roloven as a half-timbered house with a crooked hip
• 14th century chapel in Linderte
• Michaeliskirche in Ronnenberg as a Romanesque basilica built in the 12th century with valuable church furnishings
• Jewish cemetery from 1846 in Ronnenberg
• Ronnenberg local history museum
• Fire tower in Vörie
• Half-timbered chapel from the 17th century in Weetzen
• Administration building and factory villa of the potash shaft in Weetzen

Economy and Transport

economy

After the end of potash mining and the sugar industry, Ronnenberg is now mainly home to companies from the trade and service sectors. There are almost 900 businesses with around 5,750 jobs with around 3,200 inbound and 7,500 outbound commuters. (As of 2015)

The economic structure of Ronnenberg is divided as follows:

Trade and Transport:	36%
Services:	33%
Manufacturing:	30%
Agriculture:	1 %

traffic

Ronnenberg has a direct connection to the federal highways B 65 and B 217, the A 2 and A 7 motorways can be reached quickly and easily, and it is a 25-minute drive to Hanover-Langenhagen Airport.

The Ronnenberg , Empelde, Linderte and Weetzen stations are on the Hanover – Altenbeken railway line , from which the Deister Railway branches off in Weetzen . The Hanover S-Bahn offers regular traffic with the lines S 1 and S 2 Haste - Hannover Hbf - Wunstorf - to Minden or Nienburg . The Weetzen stop is also served by the S 5 line from Paderborn - via Hameln - Hannover Hbf - to Hannover Airport .

With the final stop of line 9, the district of Empelde has a direct connection to the Hanover city railway network , from where eight bus routes run with the other districts and communities in the Calenberger Land.

Infrastructure

Public facilities

• The Wennigsen (Deister) district court is the responsible district court for Ronnenberg. The city falls within the district of the Hanover Regional Court and the higher regional court district of Celle.
• One of the three fire service centers in the Hanover region is located in Ronnenberg.

education

The oldest school facility in the Calenberg region is closely connected to the Ronnenberg church hill. According to the first Reformation visitation documents, it can be assumed that there was already a school there in Catholic times that was equipped with church property.

The order of Antonius Corvinus to found a central school in Ronnenberg is documented, at the behest of the Duchess Elisabeth von Calenberg and proclaimed on the occasion of the first Protestant church visit at Easter 1543: Termenei - is hinfurt and will be ordained to school forever. Is Jurgen Segelen, the hohgreven to rune mountains, such that it may happen in bevelh. In order to spare the pupils (initially only boys were taught) the often long walk to school, branch schools were gradually set up in the villages and in 1757 school attendance was extended to girls.

As early as 1922, an "upscale department" was introduced. The guidelines of the middle schools were decisive for the teaching. The secondary upper classes were very popular and in 1955 led to the introduction of a "differentiated middle class", but also to the limitation of foreign students to the rooms Bredenbeck, Wennigsen, Gehrden, Empelde, Wettbergen. It has been possible to obtain a secondary school certificate since 1957, and in 1966 it was recognized as a secondary school. The official name is now “elementary school with support level and Realschulzug”. In 1976 the division into elementary school and secondary school followed.

In 1994 this secondary school was named Marie-Curie-Schule and is run as a KGS with an upper level. KGS Ronnenberg has been an open all-day school with 1498 students (2017) since 2004.

There is in Ronnenberg

• four primary schools:
  • Benthe Elementary School
  • Ronnenberg primary school
  • Rainbow School Weetzen
  • Theodor Heuss School in Empelde
• Selma-Lagerlöf-Schule Empelde special needs school
• Cooperative Comprehensive School (KGS), the Marie Curie School
  • Grades 5–6: Ronnenberg
  • Grades 7–13: Empelde

Other educational institutions in Ronnenberg, Empelde and Weetzen are the Calenberger Land Adult Education Center and the Calenberger Music School, which offer teaching opportunities in Ronnenberg and Empelde.

Churches, religions

cath. St. Thomas More Church

• Ronnenberg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church of Hanover . The Michaelis parish in Ronnenberg with the church of the same name in the town center belongs to him. Since 1589 the first pastor's office has been connected to the superintendent of the inspection and the parish of Ronnenberg. Further Evangelical Lutheran churches are located in Ronnenberg districts. The Ronnenberg church district office is the administrative office for the Ronnenberg and Laatzen-Springe church districts.
• The Catholic Church of St. Thomas More is located on Deisterstraße. It was built in 1972 according to plans by Josef Fehlig , designed as a prefabricated church with a free-standing bell tower. Today the church belongs as a branch church to the parish of St. Maximilian Kolbe in the Ecumenical Church Center Hannover-Mühlenberg . In the districts of Weetzen and Empelde there were other Catholic churches that were profaned in 2009 and 2016 . The Catholic parishes of St. Thomas More (Ronnenberg, Weetzen, Vorie, Linderte, Ihme-Roloven) and the Holy Family (Empelde) belong to the parish of St. Maximilian Kolbe in Hanover-Mühlenberg. The Catholics in the Benthe district belong to the St. Bonifatius Community in Gehrden.
• The New Apostolic Church at 28 Bauernwiesenweg was given up in 2011. The next New Apostolic Church is in Hanover-Badenstedt .
• The Turkish Islamic Community of Ronnenberg has its seat in Empelde.

Memory work

Ronnenberg was "one of the first municipalities in the Hanover region to " grapple with the culture of remembrance "with regard to the National Socialist past.

To commemorate approximately 25 Soviet prisoners of war and Polish civilians who had done forced labor , the city erected a memorial stone in 1983 in the Weetz cemetery. In 1988 she and the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge erected a memorial for 35 victims of war and tyranny 1939-1945 at the Häkenstrasse cemetery in Empelde . In 1998 she put a plaque on her registry office building. The synagogue (prayer room) of the Ronnenberg synagogue community was located there until the Jews were expelled from Ronnenberg . In 1999 the city agreed with the state association of Jewish communities in Lower Saxony to take over the maintenance of the Jewish cemetery . In 2005 she laid three stumbling blocks in the Ronnenberg district . In 2008 she awarded the Ronnenberg Holocaust survivor Prof. Fritz G. Cohen ( Chicago ) honorary citizenship for his services to communication . In 2013 she erected a Holocaust memorial for the murdered and expelled Jews from the former Ronnenberg community.

In 2013, citizens of Ronnenberg and the city created a traveling exhibition about the Jews. The Ronnenberg Remembrance Association (FER) regularly organizes cultural events on Judaism and a tour of the Jewish Ronnennberg . In 2019, 22 stumbling blocks were laid on his initiative , financed by donations from the population.

societies

Ronnenberg local history museum

• The oldest club is the Concordia Choral Society from 1859 Ronnenberg.
• The working group Ronnenberger Stadtgeschichte (AKRS) tries to set up a city archive and develops historical exhibitions,
• Local group Ronnenberg from 1928 in the Heimatbund Lower Saxony .
• Ronnenberg rifle club, which emerged from the predecessor clubs SG Ronnenberg 51 from 1951 and the Ronnenberg rifle club from 1954.
• Schützengilde Empelde from 1925, which goes back to traditions of the 19th century.
• Fanfare procession 1st Lower Saxony Show, Fanfare and Majorette Corps City of Ronnenberg from 1971.
• Working group Ronnenberg sports clubs, of which SG 05 Ronnenberg, VSV Benthe (1910) and SV Weetzen (1911) are the oldest.
• The Stafero e. V. von 2005 is the organizer of the Ronnenberg city festival, which takes place every third weekend in June around the Michaeliskirche.
• The Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg (FER) eV from 2014 looks after the expelled Jews and their descendants as well as the forced laborers (1940–1945) from Ronnenberg.

literature

• In the series of writings on urban development , published by the city of Ronnenberg
  • Carl-Hans Hauptmeyer , Annette von Boetticher , Martin Stöber: Ronnenberg in the Calenberger Land. Development of Settlements from the Middle Ages to Modern Times , Volume 1 of the series, undated
  • Klaus-Dieter Twele: "1,000 years of the church in Ronnenberg". Church history from the perspective of a city and its districts, Volume 3 of the series of publications, November 2010
  • Peter Hertel : The Jews of Ronnenberg, Part 1: 1700–1933. Volume 4 of the series, January 2012
  • Peter Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Volume 5 of the series, November 2012.
• Annette v. Boetticher, Martin Stöber: Runibergun 532: On the question of the age of the districts of the city of Ronnenberg / Region Hanover. Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Regional Research V. , Hanover 2004
• Annette v. Boetticher et al .: Sources for the battle between Franconia and Thuringia in 531 (near Ronnenberg?)
• Annette von Boetticher (conception and editing) a. a .: Ronnenberg in historical maps - accompanying volume for the exhibition . With a bibliography on the history of the city of Ronnenberg and its districts, published by the city of Ronnenberg, Hanover 2018
• Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg (FER): Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg , Ronnenberg 2019
• Peter Hertel: blowing traces - the liberation of Weetzens and his forced laborers. Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg (FER), Ronnenberg 2019
• Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confronts its past. Ed .: Region Hannover (Series of publications by the Ahlem Memorial ), Hannover 2016. ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 .
• Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City , Ronnenberg 2010. ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 .
• Paul Hirsch and Hans-Eberhard Lohmann (MGH SS iu sch. 69) Hanover 1935, I 9 p. 12. The Saxon history of the Widukind von Korvei
• Karl-Fr. Seemann: (Ed. Heimatbund Ronnenberg) Alt-Ronnenberg Tradition-Dignity-Identity, 2012, review of the text "Runibergun 532" (AvBoetticher / M.Stöber, Hannover 2004)
• Karl-Fr. Seemann: (Ed. Heimatbund Ronnenberg) Outline from the 2000 year history of the village of Ronnenberg - a collection of sources and material from the eponymous district of Ronnenberg in chronological order . Edited by Heimatbund Ronnenberg 2017.
• Karl-Fr. Seemann: Archaeological Monuments of Ronnenberg - On the fate of documents that have been lost for decades and document evidence of old archaeological material from the last century . Edited by Heimatbund Ronnenberg, 2016
• Karl-Fr. Seemann: The Ronnenberg School Center - History of a 475 year old school tradition on the church hill . Edited by Heimatbund Ronnenberg, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Ronnenberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• City of Ronnenberg

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Twele: Brennpunkt Kirchberg, in Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City . Ronnenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 60 f .
3. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Twele: Brennpunkt Kirchberg, in: Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City . Ronnenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 63 .
4. ^ Matthias Biester (archivist of the city of Ronnenberg): Ronnenberg, in: Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City . Ronnenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 294 .
5. ↑ Peter Simon: The hard life in the farming villages and the dawn of a new era, in: Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City , Ronnenberg 2010. ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 88–93.
6. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 .
7. ↑ The Jewish cemetery - The Jewish cemetry, in: Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg, Hrsg .: Förderverein Memorial work Ronnenberg, Ronnenberg 2019, p. 42 f.
8. ↑ Peter Hertel: Blowing Traces - The Liberation of Weetzens and his forced laborers. Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg, Ronnenberg 2019.
9. ↑ Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City , Ronnenberg 2010. ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 206–215.
10. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 196 and 197 .
11. ↑ Hans-Hermann Fricke: Beginning of the industrial age, in: Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City . Ronnenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 96-110 .
12. ↑ ^{a b c} Konrad Boden: Kaiibergbau im Benther Salzstock, in: Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City . Ronnenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 122-134 .
13. ^ ^{A b} Hans-Hermann Fricke: Sugar production in Weetzen, in: Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City . Ronnenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 114-121 .
14. ^ Karl Kayser: The Reformation church visits in the Guelph lands 1542-1543
15. ^ City of Ronnenberg: culture of remembrance in Ronnenberg and in the region . Ed .: Municipal press archive. Ronnenberg April 13, 2015.
16. ↑ Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City . Ronnenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 241 f .
17. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Hertel et al. (Ed.): Ronnenberg. Seven Traditions - One City . Ronnenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030253-4 , pp. 242 .
18. ^ Ronnenberg Friends of Remembrance Work (Ed.): Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ronnenberg 2019, p. 42/43 .
19. ^ Ronnenberg Friends of Remembrance Work (Ed.): Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ronnenberg 2019, p. 2 .
20. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confronts its past . Ed .: Region Hannover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 139 .
21. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confronts its past . Ed .: Region Hannover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 119 .