Michaeliskirche (Ronnenberg)

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Michaelis Church in Ronnenberg, surrounded by horse chestnuts and historical tombs

The Michaeliskirche , also: Church of St. Michael , in Ronnenberg is a listed parish church of the Evangelical Lutheran district of the Hanover region . The location of the Romanesque basilica , which was built in the 12th century and whose valuable furnishings include one of the presumably oldest church parts in the Hanover region from the first millennium, is the street Am Kirchhofe number 9 in the center of the old town center .

history

The Bonifatiuskapelle and the Bonifatiusportal

Immediately next to today's Michaeliskirche stood a much older chapel . The two historic church buildings in Ronnenberg were probably built on the site of a Thingstätte from the Germanic era . Since start-up or Foundation - documents missing, were hired for construction of different considerations: According to several sources, dated here early, the Saints Boniface dedicated chapel , which should be mentioned together with the place "runibergung" already in the 524th Others assume that the Bonifatius chapel was built in the time of Christianization around 776. The former church building director Ulfrid Müller speculates that the first chapel was built between 950 and 1050. It is documented in 1078.

In 1644 the patronage right over the Bonifatiuskapelle was transferred to the noble ladies of the Wennigsen monastery . Only a little later, the chapel was demolished in 1660 because it was dilapidated, but the portal was initially inserted into the southern outer wall of the Michaelis Church, which had been built centuries earlier. It was not until 1983 that the Bonifatius portal was moved to the tower hall to protect it from weathering and since then it has bordered the passage to the nave . The individual parts were put together again with the circumferential cranking .

The Boniface portal, composed of three granite slabs , shows the Lamb of God in an oval halo , also called mandorla , in front of the Christian cross as a flat relief in the lintel . On the side of the lamb are the doves and two dragons . The stonemasons designed the side panels with tendrils and snakes ; possibly also a symbol for the tree of life . In its overall composition "the picture [...] is interpreted as a symbol for the intrusion of evil into paradise ."

The Michaeliskirche

Michaeliskirche was also probably built on the site of the old Thingstätte between 1150 and 1160 by artists from the Königslutter building school . Similar to the similar church in Pattensen , the local Lukaskirche , St. Michaelis was originally built as a three-aisled basilica in Romanesque forms with a transept and a church tower . Used to construct the building owners sandstone , partly ashlar masonry to support the arch - vaulted . Especially the low part in the east with originals from the 12th century, such as

  • the crossing and the eastern apses in the transept
  • as well as the lower part of the church tower built on a square floor plan with its simply profiled base ,

remained unaffected by later modifications.

The church lords expanded the chancel in 1464, as the year of the keystone there shows. Four ogival tracery windows in the apse and other elements changed the church with forms of the late Gothic .

The piece on the altar, carved before the Reformation , with its cautiously colorfully painted and gilded group around Jesus Christ and the crowned Mary in the period around 1500 was also decorated in the late Gothic style. In the middle, Jesus was seated next to the Queen of Heaven , both equally large together on a bench: “Almost like a couple , not like mother and son”. Superintendent Hermann de Boer later described the depiction as a "point of contact for ecumenism ", especially for the centuries after the creation of the carving from the predominantly Catholic Silesia, former miners of the Ronnenberg potash works .

In the 16th and 17th centuries, a few tombstones were erected on the outer walls of the Michaeliskirche.

In the years from 1592 to 1623 the Magister Wichmann Schulrabe worked as superintendent in Ronnenberg. During his lifetime, his colleague had an epitaph set up for school raven in 1609 , as the Latin transcription shows. The inscription refers to Wichmann Schulrabe as

"[...] Shepherds of Christ's sheep and, as loyal superintendents, legitimately subordinated to this and neighboring villages."

The sandstone finely formulated and colored Epitaph shows - under their arms - School Rabe and his wife Catharina de Nenneken with neck brace , both each kneeling on a pillow and crucified in adoration . The neighboring villages in Wichmann Schulrabes Sprengel included u. a. Gehrden , the Barsinghausen and Wennigsen monasteries , Hohenbostel , the Bailiwick of Langenhagen , Linden and the Neustadt in front of Hanover . By writing to the consistory in Wolfenbüttel , signed on February 1, 1613 in Ronnenberg, he succeeded in having the Jewish “temple” in the Calenberger Neustadt “destroyed and abolished”.

The octagonal font also dates from the 17th century . On November 13, 1800, the Ronnenberg superintendent Johann Conrad Achaz Holscher, in the presence of the consistorial councilor and Loccum abbot Johann Christoph Salfeld, secretly baptized the prominent Jewish medic Israel Stieglitz with the Christian first name Johann . Baptism was a prerequisite for his advancement in Christian society. In 1802 Johann Stieglitz was appointed Hofmedicus in Hanover, in 1806 as the first Leibmedicus and in 1820 as Hofrat . In 1803 his brother Levi came to Ronnenberg from Saint Petersburg. He too was baptized. The baptism was notarized, but not entered in the church register, as "there are reasons against a public announcement". As a Christian, Ludwig Stieglitz was appointed court banker by Tsar Alexander I and raised to the nobility in 1826.

In the middle of the Thirty Years War, a hurricane in 1630 brought down the church tower, which at the same time damaged the western part of the church and destroyed the old organ . After around the same time the virgins from Wennigsen Monastery had received the right of patronage over the neighboring Bonifatius Chapel in 1644 and this was demolished after the war in 1660, parts of the chapel are said to have been used for church repairs. The course of the new walling can still be seen from the outside today.

One of the epitaphs of the 17th and 18th centuries is that of the superintendent Kotzebue , placed on the gallery . Kotzebue's son is said to have set Ronnenberg on fire.

From the galleries, details of the redesign of the church between 1876 and 1877 can be seen, in particular the elevation of the central nave. The basic conversion built according to plans and under the supervision of the Consistorial - architect Conrad Wilhelm Hase , of the tower a curly, octagonal and with slates sat covered helmet. Hase also raised the transept under a mighty gable roof , the transept doors and the west portal received new versions. In addition, the side aisles were expanded, buttresses now reinforced the south transept and the hall was equipped with a cross- beam ceiling .

The paintings by the painter Hermann Schaper can also be viewed from close up from the gallery : the medallions with the four evangelists , in the middle between "[...] Christ big on the rainbow with Mary and John , below the lamb".

During the renovation in 1876, a heavy Romanesque column base was found which, together with a counterpart , is said to have framed an earlier gallery staircase. Together with an attached capital , the furniture was then converted to support the pulpit of the Michaeliskirche.

The bells

Two of the five bells of the great peal come from the Gothic period. They were cast by Busse Jacobs in 1496 .

Literature (selection)

  • Carl Wolff : The art monuments of the province of Hanover , Bd. 1. Region of Hanover . Part 1: Districts of Hanover and Linden , Hanover: Self-published by the provincial administration [u. a.], (1899)
  • Albrecht Haupt : The oldest art, especially the architecture of the Germanic peoples from the Great Migration to Charlemagne , 2nd, revised and expanded edition, Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth AG, 1923
  • Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past. Ed .: Region Hannover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 .
  • Käthe Mittelhäusser (Red.): The district of Hanover , with illustrations and maps, Hanover: District of Hanover, 1963
  • Edfried Bühler et al. : Home chronicle of the district of Hanover (= home chronicles of the cities and districts of the federal territory, published on behalf of the Kuratorium für Deutsche Heimatpflege eV, Bonn, vol. 49), 1st edition, Cologne: Archive for German Heimatpflege GmbH, 1980
  • Gottfried Piper : The bells and organs of the church district Ronnenberg , 2nd, extended edition, 122 partly illustrated pages, Gehrden: District cantorate of the church district Ronnenberg, [1991]
  • Gerd Heinz-Mohr : Lexicon of symbols . Images and signs of Christian art (= Diederichs yellow series ; Vol. 150: Christianity ), new edition, Munich: Diederichs, 1998, ISBN 3-424-01420-6

See also

Web links

Commons : Michaeliskirche  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Deviating from this, the monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany (see there) names the "[...] 15th century" as the period of the collapse and the structural changes to the tower and transept.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Heinz Koberg : Through a 1000-year-old portal into the Michaeliskirche in Ronnenberg , in Stefan Amt (ed.), Sascha Aust, Simon Benne, Marcus Buchholz , Heinz Koberg, Martin-G. Kunze: Churches, monasteries, chapels in the Hanover region , with photographs by Thomas Langreder, Ed .: Region Hanover and Evangelical Lutheran Sprengel Hanover, Hanover: Lutherisches Verlagshaus, 2005, ISBN 3-7859-0924-1 , p. 115– 119
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Gerd Weiß, Walter Wulf (ed.), Henner Hannig (arrangement) et al. : Ronnenberg , in: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony , Volume 13.1: District of Hanover , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller , Lower Saxony State Administration Office - Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig 1988, ISBN 978-3-528-06207-1 , pp. 247-250, 308
  3. ↑ a b c Ulfrid Müller: 44: Ev.-luth. St. Michaelis Church in Ronnenberg , with a picture of the portal in the west wall of the Michaeliskirche, in ders .: Beautiful churches in Lower Saxony , Hanover: Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1979, ISBN 3-87706-019-6
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Hans Werner Dannowski : On the way in the Calenberger Land. Villages, churches and old manors between Deister and Leine , Hanover: Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-651-3 , p. 49; online through google books
  5. ↑ Gerd Weiß, Walter Wulf (red.), Henner Hannig (red.) Et al. : Pattensen , in: Denkmaltopographie ... , pp. 232–237; here: p. 233f.
  6. ↑ a b Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 25 .
  7. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past. Ed .: Region Hannover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 25 f.
  8. ^ Friedrich-Wilhelm Wiegmann, Joachim Krienke, Thorsten Schoppe, Christel Fritz Prüßner, Ulrich Rohn (Red.): 1200 years of St. Alexandri zu Eldagsen and St. Nicolai zu Alferde. Edited by the parish councils of the St. Alexander parish in Eldagsen and the parish of St. Nicola in Alferde . Self-published, Eldagsen 1996, passim

Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′ 2.6 ″  N , 9 ° 39 ′ 24.8 ″  E