Ashlar masonry

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Romanesque church building in sandstone ashlar masonry : St. Brigida (Legden)

Ashlar masonry or ashlar masonry is a natural stone masonry that is built from large, solid blocks of limestone , tuff , marble , sandstone or other material in a horizontal layered construction with or without the use of mortar . The stones are often precisely machined on all six surfaces . Depending on the extent to which the stone is worked, there are different categories: u. a. coarse or fine ashlar, boss or rustic masonry .

If all the cuboids of the wall connection have the same size, it is called isodomes (lat. Opus isodomum ) cuboid masonry. If only the cuboids of one layer have the same size, it is a pseudoisodome (Latin: opus pseudoisodomum ).

The contrast is the polygonal or Cyclopean using rubble or irregularly trimmed stones.

The trapezoidal masonry is an intermediate step with parallel bearings and sloping butt joints while maintaining the layer height to a large extent.

If masonry bricks are used instead of natural stones , it is brick masonry .

The use of unprocessed stones leads to rubble masonry .

As early as the Greek and Roman antiquity, ashlar masonry was developed to a high degree. During this time, the storage areas of the cuboids were often only processed in a narrow edge strip, see anathyrosis . In the early Middle Ages it was first used again in sacred buildings , e.g. B. at the Palatine Chapel of Karls d. Size in Aachen . It was only in the Romanesque period that this technique was again highly perfected and widely used. Accordingly , it is taken up again in the neo-romance .

literature

  • Masonry . In: Harald Olbrich (Ed.): Lexikon der Kunst , Volume 4. Leipzig 1992
  • Angela Weyer, Pilar Roig Picazo, Daniel Pop, JoAnn Cassar, Aysun Özköse, Jean-Marc Vallet, Ivan Srša (Eds.): EwaGlos, European Illustrated Glossary Of Conservation Terms For Wall Paintings And Architectural Surfaces . English Definitions with translations into Bulgarian, Croatian, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish and Turkish. (=  Series of publications by the Hornemann Institute . Volume 17 ). Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7319-0260-7 ( elearn.hawk-hhg.de ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Angela Weyer et al. (Ed.): EwaGlos . Petersberg 2015, p. 26 .