Swarzędz

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Swarzędz
Swarzędz coat of arms
Swarzędz (Poland)
Swarzędz
Swarzędz
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Greater Poland
Powiat : Poses
Area : 8.20  km²
Geographic location : 52 ° 24 '  N , 17 ° 4'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 24 '0 "  N , 17 ° 4' 0"  E
Residents : 30,343
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 62-019 and 62-020
Telephone code : (+48) 61
License plate : PZ (formerly POZ)
Economy and Transport
Street : Berlin - Warsaw
Rail route : Warsaw – Poznan
Next international airport : Poses
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 19 school authorities
Surface: 102.00 km²
Residents: 51,057
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 501 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3021163
Administration (as of 2009)
Mayoress : Anna Tomicka
Address: Rynek 1
62-020 Swarzędz
Website : www.swarzedz.pl



Swarzędz [ ˈsfaʐɛnt͡s ] ( German Schwersenz , 1940–1943 Schwaningen ) is a city in the Polish Greater Poland Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The town lies on the Polish A2 highway , about ten kilometers east of the city of Poznan ( Poznań ).

history

Schwersenz east of the city of Poznan on a map of the province of Poznan from 1905 (areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a predominantly Polish- speaking population at the time ).

The first written mention of a settlement on the site of today's Swarzędz comes from 1366. In 1377 it was mentioned that there was a parish in the settlement . Due to the favorable location on the way from Poznan to Mazovia , the place developed well. Originally the settlement was privately owned by the Łodzia family , from the 15th century it belonged to the Górka family . When Andreas Górka died in 1592, the village passed to his son-in-law Peter Czarnkowski. In the 17th century it belonged to the Grudzinski family .

The Grudzinskis offered protection to Protestants who settled here. When fanatical Jesuit students and the mob destroyed the Protestant churches in Posen in the summer of 1616 , many Poznan Protestants turned to Schwersenz, and quite a few wealthy people moved to Lissa . In 1621, Jews from the Poznan ghetto were granted access to the city area.

On August 23, 1683 the village received city rights , but not by the king but on the Kurniker Castle from a Grudzinski. In the 17th century arose guilds of merchants and craftsmen. In 1793, during the second division of Poland-Lithuania , the city, which now has 2,508 inhabitants, came under Prussian rule . In 1798, 448 craftsmen lived in the city, 70 of them cloth makers and 36 linen weavers. In 1807 Schwersenz became part of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw , with its dissolution in 1815, the city fell back to Prussia, where it belonged to the district of Posen until 1887 , then to 1918 to the district of Posen-Ost in the German Empire .

The carpentry trade flourished at the end of the 19th century . In 1887 the place was connected to the rail network from Poznan to Wreschen and thus, next to the road from Warsaw to Poznan, another important transport connection.

In 1919, after the First World War , Schwersenz had to be ceded to the Second Polish Republic due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty . In 1939 the city was occupied by the German Wehrmacht during the attack on Poland . Subsequently, the district of Posen-Ost including the city was annexed by the German Reich in violation of international law . In the Third Reich there was a labor camp for Jews here from 1941 to 1943 . From 1941 to 1944, the Schwaningen collective camp of Arbeitsgau III ( Wartheland -West) operated by the Reich Labor Service . Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army captured the city of Schwersenz in the spring of 1945 .

The city now has a sports airfield operated by the Poznań Aviation Club Wanda Modlibiowska. Different companies have settled in the village, mainly for carpentry and upholstery work. A cycle path from Poznan through the Dębiniec nature reserve to Pobiedziska leads through the city.

Population numbers

  • 1793: 2508
  • 1800: 2430, of which 1277 Jews (majority of the population)
  • 1843: 3013
  • 1861: 3083
  • 1875: 2923
  • 1880: 2930
  • 1890: 3155, of which 1055 Protestants, 1628 Catholics and 472 Jews

Attractions

Church of the Mother of God in Swarzędz
  • There is the open-air museum “Prof. Ryszard-Kostecki” , which deals with beekeeping from all over Europe .
  • In the village of Uzarzewo, which belongs to the municipality, there is a park from the 19th century with a courtyard built between 1860 and 1865. A hunting museum is housed in this.
  • In the village of Wierzenica there is the wooden St. Nicholas Church, which dates from the second half of the 16th century. The grave of August Cieszkowski (1814–1894) can be found near the church . There is also a cemetery with graves from the Bronze Age near the village .
  • the Church of St. Martin in Swarzędz (18th century)
  • Church of the Archangel Michael in Uzarzewo

local community

The urban and rural municipality Swarzędz has an area of ​​93 km², on which over 38,000 people live in 20 localities. This includes:

Surname German name
(1815-1918)		 German name
(1939-1945)
Bogucin hammer Thor's hammer
Garby Garby Humpback fields
Gortatowo Gortatowo Eberbach
Gruszczyn Gruszczyn
1906–1918 Heinrichswerder 		Heinrichswerder
Janikowo Janikowo Meadow ground
Jasin Jasin Ebenfeld
Karłowice Vorwerk Karlowitz Wittenau
Kobylnica Kobelnitz 1939–1943 Roßgarten
1943–1945 Kobelnitz
Kruszewnia Kruszewnia 1939–1943 Ludendorf
1943–1945 Ludendorff
Łowęcin Lowencin
1906-1918 Lowentschin 		Hunter's lust
Mechowo Mechowo Moostal
Nowa Wieś Neudorf near Schwersenz
1906–1918 Neudorf 		Neuhausen
Paczkowo Paczkowo
1906-1918 Osthausen 		Osthausen
Puszczykowo-Zaborze Puszczykowo-Zaborze
1906–1918 Karl crown 		Karl crown
Rabowice Rabowice Reizenstein
Sarbinowo Sarbinowo Siewershausen
Sokolniki Gwiazdowskie Sokolniki Gwiadowskie 1906–1918 Falcon Star
 Falcon Star
Swarzędz Severity 1939–1943 Schwaningen
1943–1945 Schwersenz
Święcinek Vorwerk Swiencinek Vorwerk Soldan
Uzarzewo Good Usarzewo Soldanshof
Wierzenica Wierzenica Oberbrunn
Wierzonka Wierzonka Waldhof
Zalasewo Zalasewo Reichelsfelde

economy

The English R.Twining & Co. Limited has been producing tea blends in Swarzędz since 2010 .

Personalities

  • Count August Cieszkowski (1814–1894), Polish philosopher of history and political activist, died in Wierzenica
  • Florenty von Lisiecki (1810–1875), German-Polish lawyer, member of the Prussian National Assembly, born in Wierzenica
  • Paulina Wilkońska (1815–1875), Polish writer
  • Philipp Jaffé (1819–1870), German historian
  • Simon Baruch (1840–1921), German-American doctor and pioneer of hydrotherapy
  • Erich Ludendorff (1865–1937), German general, member of the Reichstag and putschist, born in Kruszewnia
  • Robert Siewert (1887–1973), German politician and resistance fighter
  • Count August Cieszkowski (1814–1894), Polish philosopher of history and political activist, died in Wierzenica
  • Aleksander Doba (* 1946), crossed the Atlantic in a kayak
  • Andrzej Fischer (1952–2018), Polish football player

Town twinning

literature

  • Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 451-452.

Web links

Commons : Swarzędz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Wuttke (1864), pp. 451–452.
  3. ↑ Wuttke (1864), p. 405.
  4. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. pos_posenost.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).