August Cieszkowski

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August Cieszkowski

Count August Cieszkowski (sometimes: August von Cieszkowski, born September 12, 1814 in Sucha near Warsaw ; † March 12, 1894 in Wierzenica near Swarzędz ) was a Polish philosopher of history , economist and political activist. Cieszkowski was a follower of the philosophy of Hegel , broke up later and designed a "Christological conception of the world".

Life

Count August Cieszkowski was born into a very wealthy family. He studied at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and from 1832 at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin . He became familiar with Hegel's philosophy through lectures with Karl Ludwig Michelet . Cieszkowski received his doctorate from the University of Heidelberg in 1838. After completing his studies, he traveled through Europe. In Paris he met Proudhon and Karl Marx personally in 1844 .

Cieszkowski was a co-founder of the Liga Polska . From 1848 to 1855 he was a member of the Prussian National Assembly and the second chamber of the Prussian House of Representatives . He tried to found a university in Poznan and was a co-founder of the Poznan Society of Friends of Science and President of the Society (1857-1858, 1861-1868, 1885). In 1873 he entered into relationship with the Krakow Polish Academy of Learning , which had been founded in 1872.

philosophy

Cieszkowski divides world history into three epochs: in pre-Christian times, the will dominated thinking, in the epoch from Jesus to Hegel, thinking dominated the will. Only after Hegel did idealism develop : Now philosophy became aware of the Christian will. This will is no longer just a "branch outflow of cognitive-theoretical activity" (Cieszkowski), but has its own essence . In the epoch after Hegel the Holy Spirit rules in a “third kingdom”. He urged the Slavs to build a Christian fraternal world. Otherwise a time of the false "Third Reich" threatens.

Works

  • Prolegomena to Historiosophy . Veit, Berlin 1838. MDZ Reader
  • You credit de la circulation . Treuttel et Wurtz, Paris 1839. Digitized
  • God and Palingenesis . EH Schroeder, Berlin 1842. MDZ Reader
  • De la pairie et de l'aristocratie modern . Amyot, Paris 1844. Digitized
  • To improve the situation of the rural workers. A lecture given at the second general assembly of the agricultural provincial association for the Mark Brandenburg and Lower Lusatia on May 17, 1845 . EH Schröder, Berlin 1846.
  • Ojcze-nasz . 4 volumes. Maulole & Renou, Paryž 1848 ff. Volume 4 1899 digitized
  • Compilation of constitutional and international law documents concerning the relationship between the Grand Duchy of Posen and the Prussian Crown. Along with some explanations . Unger, Berlin 1849.
  • Proposal in favor of the small children's custody institutions as the basis of popular education. Contribution to the determination and establishment of the tasks of the state in relation to popular wealth and culture. W. Moeser, Berlin 1855.

literature

  • Adam Żółtowski: Count August Cieszkowski's “Philosophy of Action” . J. Leitgeber, Posen 1904.
  • Walter Kühne: The library of Count August Cieszkowski . In: Central Journal for Libraries . Volume 50, Leipzig 1933, pp. 413-418.
  • Walter Kühne: Count August Cieszkowski, a student of Hegel and the German spirit. A contribution to the history of the German intellectual influence on the Poles . Harrassowitz, Leipzig 1938.
  • Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner : August Graf von Cieszkowski. A Polish social conservative, young Hegelian and future thinker. Verlag Deutsche-Europa Studien, Hamburg 1983.
  • Stefan Leber: "... new gods had to be set up." People in alienation: Marx and Engels, Cieszkowski, Bauer , Hess , Bakunin and Stirner . Free Spiritual Life Publishing House, Stuttgart 1987. ISBN 3-7725-0730-1 . (In it the chapter August Cieszkowski - Compensation and Evolution , pp. 215–240.)
  • Walter Kühne: Experiences of a Polonist. The visits of the Slavicist Walter Kühne to Count August Cieszkowski the Younger at Wierzenica Castle near Posen in 1924 and 1929. For the understanding of the peoples . Lohengrin-Verlag, Rendsburg 1995.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ “Proudhon's opinion that Cieszkowski should be valued as an economist and Hegelian was borne out by Marx. who had also got to know the Polish count personally in Paris in 1844, did not share. "(Karl Marx: Das Elend der Philosophie. Newly edited by Hans Pelger. Verlag JH Dietz Nachf., Berlin, Bonn 1979, p. LXXIV. ISBN 3- 8012-1012-X .)
  2. ↑ "But Bürkli is surprised that I never mention August Cieszkowski ('Du crédit de la circulation', Paris 1839) from Poland, although the 'rough Proudhon' in the 'Système des contradictions économiques' does a lot, but with deference den Cieszkowski, (the 'pre-inventor' of the Bürklische bank notes). ”(Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels January 12, 1882 ( Marx-Engels-Werke Volume 35, p. 35.) Digitized version ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2016 in Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dearchiv.de
personal data
SURNAME Cieszkowski, August
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cieszkowski, August von; Cieszkowski, Auguste Dołe̜ga
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish philosopher, economist and political activist
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1814
PLACE OF BIRTH Sucha near Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1894
Place of death Wierzenica near Swarzędz