Września
| Września | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Greater Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Września | ||
| Gmina : | Września | ||
| Area : | 12.73 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 19 ′ N , 17 ° 34 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 30,688 (June 30, 2019) | ||
| Postal code : | 62-300 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 61 | ||
| License plate : | PWR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | A2 Warsaw - Poznan | ||
| Rail route : | Warsaw – Poznan | ||
| Next international airport : | Poznan-Ławica | ||
Września ( German Wreschen ) is a city in Poland in the Greater Poland Voivodeship about 50 km east of Poznan . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 46,978 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
history
The city's name comes from a heather that was common in the area. Presumably, the Wrześnica river was first named that way and later the place was named after the river.
middle Ages
The Poraje family owned the area from the 10th century until the first half of the 16th century. The first written mention of a settlement on the site of today's Września, then Vresc , comes from 1256. In the 13th century the economic structure of the place changed and trade became important. The city was on the way from Gniezno to Pyzdry and was not surrounded by a city wall.
In 1317 the place was called Wressna and in 1364 Wresna . It was first mentioned as a city in 1357 in a letter from a Krakow bishop. The town charter was apparently granted earlier. In 1449 the place was called Wreszna , in 1527 Wresnija and only three years later Wrzesznya .
During the war against the Swedes , the place was burned down in 1664 (other sources mention 1656). In the process, the documents about the granting of town charter were probably lost. In 1671 the town charter was confirmed, the place got the right to hold a market and to hold a regular fair . At the same time, the place was the seat of a royal customs office .
The inhabitants of the place were predominantly Poles , from the middle of the 17th century Germans began to settle. During this time the evangelical congregation was established and in 1778 Adam Poniński received land for a church and a cemetery. A year later a Protestant school was opened. The third religious community was that of the Jews , who owned a synagogue and a cemetery .
19th century
After the second partition of Poland in 1793, the city belonged to Prussia . From 1807 to 1815 it was part of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw . Wreschen became the seat of the newly formed district of Wreschen in the province of Poznan in 1818 .
The town was still privately owned by the Poniński family . It was not until 1833 that the Szlachta was ousted and the city began its self-government in 1841.
The wooden synagogue burned down in 1837 and was replaced by a new, brick-built one in 1875. A district office, a district court and a district hospital were built.
From the 19th century the economy in Wreschen revived significantly. In 1875 it was connected to the rail network . The station was on the Jarotschin-Gnesen, Wreschen-Strzalkowo and Glowno-Wreschen lines of the Prussian State Railways. Among other things, a factory for agricultural machinery, a sugar factory and a power station were built. There was also a Reichsbank goods depot, an advance payment association, an oil mill, steam mills and grain trade in the village .
In 1905 about 7,000 people lived in the city. 65.4% were Poles, 28.9% Germans and 5.5% Jews.
The school strike in Wreschen in 1901
In 1901, the Wreschen school strike by the children against school lessons in German caused a sensation . In the early days of Prussian rule, school lessons were largely in Polish , and German was taught as a foreign language. Overall, the Prussian administration had made considerable contributions to raising the general level of education. After the re-establishment of the Polish state after the First World War, the percentage of illiterates in the formerly Prussian areas was close to zero, while it reached up to 30% in the formerly Russian parts of Poland.
Above all under pressure from nationalist interest groups, especially the so-called Ostmarkenverein , the Prussian government had increasingly tightened its policy towards the Polish minority in the country, and the German language became the mandatory school language, most recently in Catholic religious instruction, which led to violent protests and disputes between parents and teaching staff. Starting from Wreschen, there was a week-long school strike by Polish-speaking students who protested against the measures of the Prussian government. The strike, which spread to neighboring towns and led to arrests, did not end until Easter 1904.
The actions of the Prussian government were sharply criticized by the vast majority of parties in the Reichstag and viewed as a declaration of bankruptcy for German-Prussian cultural policy.
20th century
1910 was barracks built in 1912 took place the drains of the city.
On December 28, 1918, there were unrest against the Germans in Wreschen. On January 10, 1920, the city became part of the re-established state of Poland, it remained a county seat. After the First World War, the city continued to grow; many houses were built, the rail link was expanded, a stadium was built and much more.
On September 10, 1939, the city was occupied by German troops as part of the attack on Poland . The place officially became part of the Reichsgau Posen and after its renaming in 1940 part of the Warthegau . Also in 1940 the synagogue was blown up by the National Socialists . During the war, a prisoner-of-war camp was set up for French soldiers. A forced labor camp was operated for Jews from April 1941 to the end of 1943 . In addition, Polish residents were forced to resettle . The Red Army reached the place on January 22, 1945, thus ending the German occupation.
After the war, the city experienced an economic boom. Numerous industrial plants were built; One of the largest employers was the loudspeaker factory Tonsil , which also exports to western countries .
In 1975 the city lost its seat as a powiat , but regained it with another administrative reform in 1999.
In the course of the political changes in Poland since 1989 and the transition from a planned economy to a market economy , many companies, including the Tonsil factory, were closed and around a third of the population became unemployed.
Towards the end of the 1990s, the establishment of a special economic zone succeeded in relocating companies to the site. In 2016, a new Volkswagen AG plant was built on a 220 hectare site on the outskirts of the city . The second generation of the VW Crafter is manufactured there. The factory will employ up to 3,000 people with an annual production of 85,000 vehicles.
coat of arms
The coat of arms originated from the coat of arms of the first owners of the place, the Poraje family. It is a five-petalled flower on a red background. The coat of arms has hardly changed in the course of history. The first document bearing the town's coat of arms dates back to 1564. It contains information about the town's taxation and was signed by Józef Gołąbk.
local community
The town itself and 33 villages with school boards belong to the town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Września.
traffic
At Września station, the Warszawa – Poznań line crosses with the Oleśnica – Chojnice line , which has been used for passenger transport again since 2018.
Personalities
- Louis Lewandowski (1821-1894 in Berlin), German-Jewish composer
- Roman Jakóbczak (* 1946), football player
- Peter J. Lucas (actually Piotr Józef Andrzejewski , * 1962), actor
- Jagoda Gruszczyńska (* 1995), beach volleyball player
- Eryk Hampel (* 1997), athlete
literature
- Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities. Leipzig 1864, pp. 469-470.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Forced Labor Camp for Jews Wreschen Federal Archives 2010. Accessed April 17, 2016.
- ↑ Volkswagen puts Crafter plant in Poland into operation. Automobile production on October 24, 2016. Accessed on November 12, 2016.
- ↑ 10 czerwca ruszą regularne pociągi Jarocin - Września - Gniezno (zdjęcia). Retrieved August 9, 2019 (pl-PL).