Volkswagen AG
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft
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legal form | Corporation |
ISIN |
DE0007664005 ( common share ) DE0007664039 ( preferred share ) |
founding | May 28, 1937 in Berlin |
Seat |
Wolfsburg , Germany![]() |
management |
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Number of employees | 671,200 (2019) |
sales | 252.6 billion euros (2019) |
Branch |
Automotive industry , financial and logistics services |
Website | www.volkswagenag.com |
As of December 31, 2019 |
The Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (abbreviated VW AG ), headquartered in Lower Saxony Wolfsburg is a German automobile manufacturer . It is indirectly majority owned by the Austrian families Porsche and Piëch. Volkswagen is the largest automobile manufacturer in the world. Toyota and General Motors are major competitors of Volkswagen in the world market. The company, which was founded in Berlin on May 28, 1937 as a company for the preparation of Volkswagens mbH , was renamed Volkswagenwerk GmbH in 1938 and converted into a stock corporation in 1960 . In 1985, the Annual General Meeting resolved to change the company's name to Volkswagen AG .
Today's VW AG acts as the parent company of the vehicle brand Volkswagen Passenger Cars and the subsidiaries Seat , Škoda Auto and Audi as well as the luxury brands Bentley , Bugatti , Ducati (motorcycles), Lamborghini and Porsche . 2007-2011, the Group also expanded its commercial vehicle division (trucks and buses) with the division Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles to the companies MAN and Scania .
The operational business of Volkswagen AG is divided into two corporate divisions, Automobiles and Financial Services . The automobile segment includes the areas of passenger cars (Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Seat, Skoda, Porsche, Volkswagen PKW, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles), commercial vehicles (Scania Vehicles and Service, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge) and power engineering (large diesel engines, turbo machines, special transmissions, components from Drive technology and test systems). Dealer and customer financing, leasing , insurance and the fleet business are combined in the Financial Services division ( Volkswagen Financial Services AG ) .
Origin of the group
The origin of today's group is the development of a Volkswagen by Ferdinand Porsche . For the production of the car, the National Socialist organization " Kraft durch Freude " founded the Society for the Preparation of the Volkswagen mbH (GeZuVor) on May 28, 1937 in Berlin . At the beginning of 1938, the construction of the "Vorwerk" Braunschweig began , followed by the actual Volkswagen factory near Fallersleben , through which the city later called Wolfsburg was created. After the Second World War, the company was operated by the military administration of the British zone of occupation under the name Wolfsburg Motor Works .
On August 22, 1960, Volkswagenwerk GmbH , which was owned by the State of Lower Saxony after the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany , was converted into a stock corporation. By resolution of the 1985 Annual General Meeting, the company's name has been Volkswagen AG since then . In addition to the automobile and motorcycle sector, financial and logistics services as well as a small food division also belong to the Volkswagen Group. The Volkswagen brand is managed from the VW administration tower in Wolfsburg, the group from an adjacent office complex.
history
founding
On March 8, 1934, at the opening of the 24th International Automobile and Motorcycle Exhibition (IAMA) in Berlin , Adolf Hitler called for a car to be built for broad sections of the population. He had in mind the construction of a car that would be " autobahn-proof " , capable of maintaining a continuous speed of 100 km / h, with four seats, would be suitable for families, be economical in consumption and, above all, cost less than 1,000 RM .
Ferdinand Porsche, who ran his own design office in Stuttgart, received the development order for the construction of a prototype from the Reich Association of the German Automobile Industry on June 22, 1934 . The German automobile companies questioned about the assessment of the feasibility doubted whether the Volkswagen could be realized at Hitler's desired price of less than RM 1,000. Other vehicle concepts before, which already used the term Volkswagen, could not be offered at a "popular" price due to high material costs and - due to a lack of efficient production methods - high production costs. For example, Josef Ganz presented a Volkswagen called Maikäfer at the above-mentioned automobile exhibition.
Since the automobile industry was not interested in subsidizing the Volkswagen, Hitler commissioned the German Labor Front (DAF) to build the largest automobile factory in Europe. On May 28, 1937, under the supervision of the head of DAF Robert Ley, the Society for Preparation of the German Volkswagen mbH (GeZuVor) was founded with its headquarters in Berlin-Grunewald , Taubertstrasse 4. Your first and only product was to be the " KdF-Wagen " (KdF = strength through joy) . It financed the development of the Volkswagen plant mainly from the sale of the union assets that were confiscated in 1933. The subsequent production was pre-financed according to a concept developed by DAF, according to which future buyers of the Volkswagen had to make advance payments.
The purchase price of 990 RM was saved in installments of 5 RM and acknowledged with savings stamps on a savings card. However, in 1939 the calculated costs resulted in a loss of 1,080 RM for each vehicle to be delivered.
After a tour by the managing director Bodo Lafferentz , the location of the plant was found more or less by chance in the rural and sparsely populated area near the municipality of Fallersleben near Wolfsburg Castle with the local estate . The first plan sketches with details of the approximate size of the production halls and the basic technical equipment were made by the engineer Fritz Kuntze in the summer of 1937. The then most modern River-Rouge automobile plant of the Ford Motor Company in Dearborn served as a model for the plant planning . The architects Emil Rudolf Mewes and Karl Kohlbecker and the architects Fritz Schupp and Martin Kremmer were jointly commissioned with the planning and construction management of the plant . The " City of the KdF-Wagons near Fallersleben " (from 1945 Wolfsburg), newly founded in 1938, was planned by the architect Peter Koller (see Koller plan ). The location in the glacial valley of the Aller in the geographical center of the empire offered convenient connections
- the Mittelland Canal ,
- the Reichsautobahn from Berlin to Hanover (today Bundesautobahn 2 ),
- the Berlin- Ruhr area railway line
- and the proximity to steelworks in Peine ( Ilseder Hütte ) or Salzgitter (" Hermann-Göring-Werke ") and to the city of Braunschweig .
Of particular importance for the choice of location was the fact that almost the entire selected factory premises belonged to Günther Graf von der Schulenburg-Wolfsburg , the lord of the Wolfsburg castle. This made the acquisition of land much easier.
However, the motorway connection first had to be built and a connection to the Berlin-Lehrter Railway created. In addition, an adequate infrastructure for electricity and water supply as well as telecommunications had to be built.
Since Ferdinand Porsche was able to produce his Volkswagen in a completely newly built factory, it was possible for him to optimally coordinate the product and his production facilities. The number of sheet metal parts to be pressed was reduced through an optimized shape (individual sheets as large as possible). The consequent assembly line production was based on examples from Ford in Detroit , whose production methods Porsche studied on a trip to the USA.
The company for the preparation of the German Volkswagen mbH was renamed Volkswagenwerk GmbH in 1938 . The company headquarters was now in the house of the German Labor Front in Knesebeckstrasse 48/49, Berlin W15 ( Charlottenburg ). Ferdinand Porsche became managing director and member of the supervisory board of the new GmbH. In the years that followed, he was fully committed to establishing the plant near Fallersleben as the most modern automobile factory in Europe. The Volkswagen logo was also created in 1937/1938 from the two letters V and W placed on top of each other in a wheel. This company logo was developed by Franz Xaver Reimspieß and Hans Martin Freyer .
Second World War, war economy and forced labor
In autumn 1939 the shell of the production halls was finished. However, the production of the KdF car (planned 150,000 / year) no longer came about because special machine tools were missing because the German economy had to prepare for the war. Most of the steel required for production was to be supplied from the “City of Hermann Göring Works ” ( Salzgitter ). The KdF wagons, on which many had saved, were never delivered; Instead, the technology - which Porsche had helped to develop - was used in the bucket and floating car for the Wehrmacht . Few limousines were made for high-ranking figures during the war. Also for the Wehrmacht special vehicles with the KdF car body and the chassis of the bucket or floating car were assembled in a few hundred pieces for testing and use. In the outsourced branches of Volkswagenwerk GmbH, war production gradually came to a standstill due to a lack of supplies, a lack of raw materials and tools, but also due to stagnation in the power supply. The assembly of Kübelwagen on the production lines in Fallersleben continued until the last moment and only stopped a few hours before the tank alarm of April 10, 1945. The secondary production of plate mines and bazookas continued until the SS transported the Hungarian Jewish women used for this purpose to the Salzwedel concentration camp overnight . There the women were freed from the American troops who were already approaching.
During the Second World War , the Volkswagen factory was converted to the production of armaments, including the V1 retaliatory weapon . This was mainly organized by Porsche's son-in-law Anton Piëch , who was plant manager from 1941 and one of the three general managers. From 1940 to 1945 around 20,000 people had to do forced labor at the Volkswagen factory, including prisoners of war and concentration camp inmates . In 1942, the Arbeitsdorf concentration camp was specially created, but it was closed again at the end of the year. From 1944, forced laborers were interned in the Laagberg satellite camp, among others .
On April 10, 1945 Anton Piëch went with 10 million RM under the pretext of relocating the group management via Neudek to Zell am See , where the Porsche family owned a property . The money was supposed to be used for the relocation of part of the Volkswagen factory from Neudek to the Allgäu, but this was no longer possible. The money was used to finance Porsche KG . Until November 1945, Anton Piëch acted as managing director of Volkswagenwerk GmbH and paid invoices from Porsche KG . Anton Piëch was the father of Ferdinand Piëch, who later became chairman of the supervisory board. The FAZ wrote on November 12, 2006: “Porsche-Piëch and VW, this is an age-old relationship box. The entry of the small sports car manufacturer Porsche into the largest car manufacturer on the European continent was, in a certain way, the material completion of a connection that has always been there. "
After heavy bombing raids in the summer of 1944, the KdF-Werk, whose war-important productions - with the exception of the bucket and floating car production - had been relocated below the surface , was no longer bothered by major air raids. Despite the destruction - which most affected the hall roofs - it became possible to put the assembly line back into operation: by moving it to the basement, it was better protected from bombs. Other parts of the business were relocated near the plant. In the last months of the war, the delivery of material for the main plant was ensured by trucks and - where this was no longer possible due to the war - by transport columns that were traveling with rucksacks and suitcases. After the end of the war, this local relocation proved to be an advantage: it was relatively easy for the British occupation officers to return outsourced production areas to the largely functional plant and to try to restart production.
The dangers of Hitler's destruction orders were averted in particular by power plant manager Fritz Kuntze. The bridge over the Mittelland Canal - which connected the factory and the city and contained vital supply lines - was not blown up. He also opposed the later request by American soldiers to shut down the power station and thus the power supply to the city. Because of this, he was arrested and taken prisoner by the United States, even though he had an American passport. The closer plant management was no longer in town at the end of the war.
post war period
After the end of the Second World War, responsibility for the Volkswagen factory was transferred to the British military government in the British occupation zone , which after the renaming of the city of the Kdf-Wagen near Fallersleben on May 26, 1945 in Wolfsburg, the factory was renamed “Wolfsburg Motor Works “continued to operate. 20 percent of the factory buildings were destroyed, 93 percent of the machine equipment was still in usable condition.
The first Beetle was mass-produced in 1945 , but in the first few years after the Second World War, the future of the plant and the “Beetle” was uncertain. Only then did the company and its products officially receive the name "Volkswagen". Both dismantling the factory and continuing Beetle production in other countries were possible options. The British company Humber and Ford, among others, were interested in the VW plant. However, due to a false market assessment , the proximity to the Soviet occupation zone and a devastating technical assessment of the VW Beetle by a British investigation report, all interested parties gave up their intentions to buy the VW plant.
In the said investigation report, the Beetle was judged to be a construction not worth imitating, which allegedly did not meet the requirements that had to be placed on small cars at the time.
The British major Ivan Hirst , who, together with the German management, made sure that production started, had a great influence on the development of the Volkswagen factory in the first years after the Second World War . The German plant management consisted, among other things, of the Berlin industrial lawyer Hermann Münch , who was initially commissioned as a trustee to rebuild the plant and, after Rudolf Brörmann's replacement on June 17, 1946, was appointed general director and main trustee . In the beginning, only service vehicles for the occupation management were assembled from stocks. However, the occupation administration was under political pressure from 1946 at the latest: It had to take care of the civilian population in its zone of occupation, which was still growing due to refugees, and thereby burdened the British state budget. Dismantling would have made this situation worse; the revival of the plant, on the other hand, promised both the elimination of transfer payments through jobs and income from production for personal use or sales.
From 1946, the VW could also be bought privately with a voucher at a price of 5,000 Reichsmarks. On the initiative of Hirst, a customer service and sales system - also abroad - was set up and quality and production capacities were increased. Hirst finally recommended Heinrich Nordhoff , who was head of the Opel factory in Brandenburg until the end of the war , as Münch's successor. In 1948 Nordhoff became general director.
In 1949, the British military government handed the company over to the trusteeship of the State of Lower Saxony , with the condition that the ownership rights should be exercised jointly with the federal government and that the other federal states and the trade unions should have great influence. From then on, the company was run as Volkswagenwerk GmbH .
The Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg was to become the largest automobile factory in the world. The factory area today takes up an area comparable to that of Gibraltar . The covered hall area alone is roughly the size of the Principality of Monaco .
In 1955 the completion of the one millionth Volkswagen was celebrated in Wolfsburg. In 1959, the board moved into the newly built administration tower on the Mittelland Canal.
On March 17, 1960, the German Bundestag decided to privatize the majority of the state-owned company . The Volkswagenwerk GmbH was converted into a stock corporation on August 22, 1960 , partially privatized and was now called "Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft". 60 percent of VW's share capital was issued to private individuals in the form of so-called people's shares with a total nominal value of DM 360 million, with proceeds of around EUR 500 million. The Federal Republic of Germany and the State of Lower Saxony each retained 20 percent of the shares. With the sales proceeds and the profit entitlements from the remaining 40 percent of the public-sector shares, after a long tug-of-war between the federal government and Lower Saxony, the Volkswagenwerk Foundation was founded as a non-profit foundation under civil law in Hanover in 1961 to promote science . A special feature of this is the so-called VW law of July 21, 1960, which not only regulates privatization, but is also intended to further secure its decisive influence despite the minority position of the public sector. It states that no shareholder may exercise more than 20 percent of voting rights. This prevents hostile takeovers or blocking minorities .
In 1962 the group as a whole had 69,000 employees and an annual turnover of 6.4 billion DM. In 1962 there was a strike by Italian workers, one of the first ever by guest workers in the Federal Republic.
In October 1964, took over Volkswagen AG , the Auto Union GmbH of Daimler-Benz . The company, based in Ingolstadt, secured the Wolfsburg-based new technologies such as water cooling in engine construction and front-wheel drive . Under the revived brand name Audi , Volkswagen had a second group brand on offer for the first time, into which the NSU company was integrated in 1969 .
After Heinrich Nordhoff's death in April 1968, Kurt Lotz became CEO of VW.
In 1969 the Ehra-Lessien test site north of Wolfsburg was inaugurated, where vehicles from all Group brands are tested.
1970s
With the K 70 developed by NSU , Volkswagen launched a vehicle with a front engine , front-wheel drive and water cooling for the first time in 1970 .
In September 1971 Lotz resigned and Rudolf Leiding became VW CEO.
In 1972 Volkswagen employed 192,100 people and generated annual sales of DM 16 billion.
The VW Beetle became the world's most built car in 1972: With 15,007,034 assembled cars, the VW Beetle broke the production record of the T-model built by the Ford Motor Company at the beginning of the 20th century . In 2002 the VW Golf relegated the Beetle to third place in the ranking of the most produced automobiles with 21.5 million units built. The Toyota Corolla remained production world champion , followed by the VW Golf . The Ford T-model took fourth place. However, it should be noted that both the Beetle and the T-model were produced almost unchanged, while Corolla and Golf run several models under the same name. The number of units of the Ford T also exceeds the Fiat 124 , if one takes into account the worldwide production at WAS (15 million units there alone), Premier, Seat, Tofaş and others.
VW ran into economic problems at the beginning of the 1970s: the demand for the Beetle steadily declined and the larger models VW 1500/1600 and VW 411/412 based on the same concept could no longer offer any compensation. Auto Union GmbH in Ingolstadt (from 1969 Audi NSU Auto Union AG ), sold by Daimler-Benz to VW in the mid-1960s, proved to be a savior : With the use of engine and chassis components from the subsidiary, it was possible to create a modern, attractive one in a short time To offer model range.
Apart from the VW K 70 , which was presented in 1970 and was still being developed by NSU, the Passat, which was produced from May 1973, was the first representative of the water-cooled front-wheel drive models. It was almost identical to the Audi 80 introduced in 1972 . The Scirocco appeared in the spring of 1974 and the Golf followed in the summer of 1974, which quickly developed into the top-selling VW model. In 1974 the smaller Audi 50 appeared , in 1975 the structurally identical, but more simply equipped and cheaper Polo .
Production was based on the modular principle , which released considerable savings potential through components that can be used in various models. The disadvantage was that the VW and Audi models were now very similar. To capacity for the well running model Passat freizubekommen, the production of the "Beetle" was founded in 1978 by the Emden plant in the Puebla plant moved to Mexico, where the symbol of the West German " economic miracle " was still built by 2003. The transition from the Beetle to the Golf is a standard example of a non-implemented lifecycle management (lifecycle management) of a product and the resulting consequences for a company.
On February 10, 1975 Toni Schmücker took up the post of VW CEO. Under Schmücker, plans were forged to expand the group by adding new brands and opening up new market segments. Buying or participating in a commercial vehicle manufacturer was an option. The addition of other car brands was not ruled out either. The considerations called for a new corporate structure, with a holding company at the top and downstream brands or subsidiaries.
In internal company debates, the "Ford model" competed with the "GM model". Ford had a strong brand that also served as the top of the group. Among them were rather weaker brands like Lincoln and Mercury . General Motors had a pure group top, with subordinate vehicle brands such as Buick , Cadillac , Chevrolet , GMC , Holden , Opel , Pontiac , and Vauxhall . This allowed further freedom for cross-brand companies such as GM Performance Parts , GM Goodwrench , GM Powertrain , GMAC Financial Services and later GM OnStar .
The more consistent GM model was initially favored by Volkswagen. A name for the holding was searched for, and Auto Union was also the subject of consideration. Ultimately, the top management did not want to part with the VW logo above the Wolfsburg administration tower. It was decided to initially put the joint Volkswagen and Audi sales organization (merged since the early 1970s) under a new name. Subsidiaries such as bank or leasing should be given the same name.
In 1978, a joint sales platform for the two brands Audi and Volkswagen was created under the name VAG - for reasons of symmetry with only two dots, as a word mark also V · A · G. The dealerships were given a uniform appearance in the form of a surrounding blue ribbon. The VW Bank was in the same year in VAG Bank renamed. The leasing subsidiary changed its name to VAG Leasing .
Volkswagen never resolved the meaning of the three letters. Common interpretations were "Volkswagen-Audi-Gemeinschaft" or "Volkswagen Audi-Gruppe". Other opinions come from “Volkswagenwerk AG”.
The intention of the new VAG sales organization was based on large "car dealerships" in which many car brands and services in the mobility sector were to be offered. The vision anticipated the auto malls that developed in the US in the 1990s and later in Europe. The term “VAG partner” did not catch on in public and disappeared again around 1992. The special tools and test devices such as the VAG 1551 are still reminiscent of VAG today.
After the 1975 IAA, VW lifted a hiring freeze in September 1975 and now offered 2,750 new jobs.
In order to reduce the GDR's foreign trade deficit , the Federal Republic of Germany carried out so-called compensation transactions in the 1970s . As the main state shareholder of the Volkswagen plant, the state of Lower Saxony, as a contractual partner of the GDR, ensured imports of goods from the Eastern Bloc for the VW Group. Volkswagen also purchased sheet steel of inferior quality, which later led to considerable corrosion in the vehicles made from it. In 1977 there was a remarkable trade with the "VE foreign trade transport machinery export and import" in the GDR. Volkswagen delivered 10,000 Golf to the GDR. On January 13, 1978, the first train with 200 vehicles rolled over the inner-German border . In return, the GDR supplied presses , machine tools and a projector from Carl Zeiss Jena for the Wolfsburg Planetarium , which VW gave to the city in 1978 on the 40th anniversary of its founding.
In the USA , VW was the first foreign motor vehicle manufacturer to open a car plant in Westmoreland, Pennsylvania on April 10, 1978 . There the US version of the VW Golf was assembled under the name "Rabbit" in the CKD process from supplied parts.
1980s
From 1982 Carl H. Hahn headed the company. The son of Carl Hahn senior , one of the co-founders of Auto Union, was President of Volkswagen of America (VoA) from 1958 to 1965 and built up the overseas business there. After Hahn junior was CEO of Continental AG for ten years , he took over the chairmanship of VW AG in 1982. Under his leadership, VW became a " global player " in the truest sense of the word. In 1986 Volkswagen AG took over the majority of Seat , in 1991 Škoda Auto was bought and Škoda Auto Deutschland was founded to represent this brand in Germany.
In the People's Republic of China , today the largest car market and largest car manufacturer in the world, Hahn demonstrated foresight early on. In October 1984, a contract for the production of the VW Santana in China was signed with the Shanghai Tractor Automobile Corporation (STAC) , the forerunner of the SAIC group, the China National Automotive Industry Corporation (CNAIC) and the Bank of China . The first “assembly line” started operating in October 1985. In the mid-2010s, China was the company's largest sales market.
The introduction of the VW Golf II brought with it the beginning of new production methods (for example the use of industrial robots ). The new manufacturing process became known under the term “ Hall 54 ”, based on a production hall at the Wolfsburg location that was equipped according to the latest aspects of computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). In retrospect, however, the process was discontinued on many points, as it became clear that production without people was not working. Among other things, the maintenance effort and downtime negated the savings from fewer staff.
In 1984 there was another major trade deal with the GDR. After years of ignorance, the GDR leadership had come to the conclusion that two-stroke engine construction for cars could no longer go on like this. Here played Günter Mittag , a decisive role he stood behind one, outside the Politburo contract with Volkswagen, the delivery of short engines to VW had, among others, the sale of the production of the alpha motor series to the GDR, as well as to the content in return. The VW engines built under license were installed in the Wartburg 1.3 from 1988 and in the Trabant 1.1 and Barkas B1000-1 from 1990 . On the basis of the established cooperation, Volkswagen Sachsen GmbH developed after 1990 . See also VEB Barkas-Werke .
In 1985, the Annual General Meeting resolved to change the company's name from Volkswagenwerk AG to Volkswagen AG .
In 1986 the company fell victim to a large-scale currency fraud. Volkswagen's chief foreign exchange dealer Burkhard Junge embezzled DM 480 million together with the Frankfurt foreign exchange dealer Hans-Joachim Schmidt. Both were sentenced to six years' imprisonment. Other foreign exchange workers also went to jail.
On March 24, 1988, the federal government ( Kohl III cabinet ) began to sell its remaining 16 percent stake in Volkswagen AG through a consortium of banks .
Due to the decision of the board of directors in November 1987, the US plant in Westmoreland ( Pennsylvania ) was closed in July 1988. The capacity utilization was no longer convincing and further losses should be stopped. The state of Pennsylvania took over the buildings in October 1990 .
1990s
In 1992, the joint sales network of Volkswagen and Audi, which had been known as VAG since 1978 , was split up again in order to give the two brands a more distinctive and independent image . Since then, Volkswagen and Audi vehicles have been sold separately.
On January 1, 1993, Ferdinand Piëch , a grandson of Ferdinand Porsche , took over the chairmanship of the Board of Management of Volkswagen AG .
Shortly after taking office in April 1993, Piëch brought José Ignacio López and seven of his employees, for example Francisco Javier García Sanz (VW Board Member for Procurement from 2001 to April 2018), from General Motors to Wolfsburg. Lopéz took over the new board area “Production optimization and procurement.” Together with Lopez, production was converted to just-in-time production and the vertical range of manufacture was reduced. The aim was to pass the investments for productivity gains primarily on the suppliers. In May 1993, Lopéz was accused of industrial espionage by his former employer. Opel and General Motors filed criminal charges against the new VW employees. At the same time, a lawsuit was brought in the USA based on the RICO Act , a law originally created to combat organized crime, which also affected Piëch. After three and a half years, the indictment was published in December 1996. López joined end of 1996 Piëch's insistence back, but got by VW that until the end of his contract period in 1998 due salary of 4 million DM. The lawsuit filed by GM was brokered by German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and US President Bill Clinton with the 9 January 1997 withdrawn settlement. VW paid $ 100 million in damages to GM and purchased components from GM for $ 1 billion. The “López effect” caused painful concentration in the supplier industry and, due to the lower quality of parts, caused the group to suffer for a long time with high warranty costs .
The VW Sharan presented in 1995 was VW's first successful attempt to establish itself in the niche vehicle market and to participate in the then booming van market . The Sharan was also offered as an Alhambra by Seat with minor changes . A strategic alliance was concluded with Ford for development and production , where the car was launched as the Ford Galaxy . In the early 1990s, Ford and VW established a joint venture in Palmela (Portugal) with Autoeuropa - Automóveis Ltda. founded, which has been owned by VW as VW Autoeuropa since the beginning of 1999 . The Scirocco III and the Eos also come from Portugal . VW built the Galaxy on behalf of Ford in Palmela until February 2006, and since then Ford has been producing the Galaxy in Belgium.
In 1998, VW presented the VW New Beetle in the United States . The vehicle, which was positioned as a so-called “fun car”, with its striking body in a retro design, was a success, especially on the US market.
With the introduction of the four-day week for Volkswagen employees, the Board of Management (e.g. Peter Hartz ), the works council and IG Metall embarked on a new path to secure business locations and jobs in 1994.
After the takeover poker between VW AG and BMW for the British luxury car manufacturer Rolls-Royce , the shareholders of the parent company Vickers decided on June 5, 1998 in favor of the VW Group's offer of DM 1.3 billion. It was either overlooked or ignored that the trademark rights of Rolls-Royce in the event of a takeover to the trademark owner, the turbine manufacturer Rolls-Royce Plc. went back. Rolls-Royce cooperated with BMW in the turbine sector. In 2002, VW gave Rolls-Royce to BMW to focus on the production of the other luxury brand, Bentley .
In 1999 VW launched the first three-liter car with the Lupo 3L TDI . For this VW received a lot of recognition from the environmental associations, but the small vehicle did not have any notable market success. In the same year, Volkswagen laid the foundation stone for the Transparent Factory in Dresden , where the Phaeton is finally assembled.
2000s
The Volkswagen Group opened the “ Autostadt ” in Wolfsburg in 2000 , a service and competence center combined with an amusement park . In the Autostadt, customers can pick up their new car, visit an automobile museum and find out about the Group's product range in various brand pavilions.
In 2002 presented " one-liter car " laid claim to the technology leadership of Volkswagen AG with fuel-efficient vehicles. For economic reasons, however, the concept study was not implemented in the form presented.
Bernd Pischetsrieder took over the position of CEO from Ferdinand Piëch in 2002. Pischetsrieder was Piëch's adversary at BMW during the Rolls-Royce takeover. He left BMW in 1999 and moved to the Volkswagen Group as Head of Seat .
In 2004 Volkswagen came under economic pressure. The group suffered a profit slump of over 50 percent in the 2003 financial year. The Board of Management announced a comprehensive restructuring of the company in order to reduce costs in cooperation with the workforce and to make the German production sites more competitive.
The main reasons for the corporate crisis were the high wages and production costs at VW. According to its own information, VW had eleven percent higher personnel costs than the average of other German automobile manufacturers. This led to comparatively high production costs for the Group's vehicles. Critics also cited excess managerial salaries and severance payments as reasons for the high costs.
The fifth generation of the Golf, presented in 2003, had to struggle with sales difficulties in 2004. The entry price, which was identical to that of the Golf IV, did not match the poor economic situation and the associated reluctance to buy in Germany. In addition, the price war in the automotive industry intensified in 2004. In order to increase sales, the group decided on a discount campaign that was unique in the history of VW models and called the "30 Years of Golf Anniversary Campaign". All Golf V buyers received the air conditioning free of charge until September 2004.
In the same year, sales of the Phaeton model were disappointing. As a result, free capacities in the Gläserne Manufaktur were used to full capacity in 2005 and 2006 with the production of the British Bentley Continental Flying Spur .
In autumn 2005, Porsche became the largest shareholder in VW with a stake of 20%. The acquisition of the shares cost Porsche around 3 billion euros, which came from the company's assets. The main reason given for the entry was to prevent a hostile takeover of VW, which could then have impaired cooperation with VW. The shareholding held by Porsche in VW rose to over 30%, so that Porsche had to submit a takeover offer to all VW shareholders . That happened on March 28, 2007, but only 100.92 euros were offered per ordinary share, which was far below the current share price of around 112 euros. At that time, Porsche announced that it would not seek industrial leadership at VW. From this point on, however, no further formalities such as mandatory takeover offers or the like were necessary if Porsche were to buy further shares in VW.
In spring 2005 the new generation of the Passat, the second most important model of the VW brand, was presented. The second important new release this year was the VW Fox , which replaced the Lupo and is built in Brazil . The sales of the Passat met expectations. Some models showed quality problems, also triggered by the widespread installation of sensitive electronics.
In the summer of 2005, a corruption scandal rocked the group. Internal misconduct by individual employees (for example, luxury trips and brothel visits by works councils at company costs) made the headlines. The model of the cooperation between the works council , trade unions , board of directors and state government in the supervisory board of the group came under public criticism. The resignation of the VW personnel manager Peter Hartz , also known as the namesake of the labor market reform of the red-green federal government, in whose area of responsibility the misconduct fell, was accepted by the VW management.
In the summer of 2006 too, Volkswagen generated national media interest. As a result of the planned reconstruction, the group cut the four-day 28.8-hour week for its employees and extended it to 35 hours without increasing wages and salaries . In the same train was due to company-wide strikes the confidence flexitime introduced, also were after negotiations with the IG Metall compulsory redundancies eliminated by 2011.
In October 2006, Volkswagen laid the foundation stone for a new automobile plant in Russia, in which a model tailored to the local market was to be manufactured.
In November 2006 a change at the top of the group was surprisingly announced. Following the approval of the Supervisory Board on November 17, 2006, Martin Winterkorn succeeded VW CEO Bernd Pischetsrieder as CEO of VW on January 1, 2007 . Winterkorn was Head of Development at Volkswagen under Piëch and has continued the successful series of VW subsidiary Audi since 2003. Winterkorn's first task was to make the core VW brand profitable again and, in particular, to bring it back into profitability in the home market of Europe, and to strengthen the entire group in global competition. The supervisory board chairman and former chairman of the board, Ferdinand Piëch, is believed to be the driving force behind Pischetsrieder's replacement .
Also in November 2006, Porsche AG increased its stake in VW to 27.4% and on March 26, 2007 increased this stake to 30.9%. This made Porsche by far the largest shareholder ahead of the state of Lower Saxony with 20.20%. Porsche also spoke out against the VW law and claimed seats on the supervisory board according to its shares. On October 23, 2007, the European Court of Justice declared the VW Act to be in breach of European law.
In May 2007, Volkswagen founded the European Research Association for Environment and Health in the Transport Sector (EUGT) with Daimler, BMW and Bosch . In the wake of the emissions scandal , Volkswagen left the EUGT in 2016, which in turn was dissolved in mid-2017.
In July 2008, Volkswagen announced the opening of a plant in Chattanooga , Tennessee, USA. Construction began in 2009. The plant, in which 150,000 Passat vehicles were to be produced annually with around 2,000 workers , was opened on May 24, 2011 by Martin Winterkorn. Volkswagen thus set up another production facility in the USA after the plant in Westmoreland was closed in July 1988. The new production facility, with an investment volume of one billion US dollars, is located in the Enterprise South Industrial Park , around 20 km northeast of downtown Chattanooga.
In August 2008 Volkswagen AG announced that the company had risen to "the top three of the world's largest automobile manufacturers" for the first time. The company reported: “With 3.31 million vehicles delivered in the first half of 2008, the Volkswagen Group increased its sales in the first half of 2008 by 7.2%. The Wolfsburg-based company moved up one place to third place in the global sales ranking, past competitor Ford, who, according to their own information, sold 3.22 million vehicles in the calculation period. "
On September 16, 2008, Porsche Automobil Holding SE announced the increase in its stake in Volkswagen AG to 35.14%. Thus Volkswagen AG was now a subsidiary according to Section 2 (6) WpÜG .
Since Porsche had secured 74.1% of the VW shares through options and 20% were held by the State of Lower Saxony, there was a severe shortage of VW shares, so that speculators who had carried out extensive short sales of VW shares, got into a tight spot (so-called short squeeze ). At times, the VW share exceeded the 1,000 euro mark October 28, 2008, making the Volkswagen AG by market capitalization briefly the most expensive company was the world.
On January 5, 2009, Porsche announced that it now held 50.76% of the Volkswagen ordinary shares and was thus the majority owner of Volkswagen AG . On May 6, 2009, Porsche Automobil Holding SE issued a press release that it was aiming to create an integrated automotive group with Volkswagen AG . Financing problems with the bank loans forced Porsche, according to media reports, to abandon the planned takeover.
On December 9, 2009, Volkswagen AG and Suzuki Motor Corp. agreed an alliance. On January 15, 2010, Volkswagen paid $ 2.4 billion for a 19.9% stake in Suzuki. Suzuki bought shares in Volkswagen AG for $ 1 billion, getting 1.5% of the shares. Suzuki CEO Osamo Suzuki excluded further investments for the time being. In September 2011, however, the Suzuki group announced that it was no longer interested in closer cooperation and asked VW to sell its Suzuki shares.
2010s
On May 25, 2010 Volkswagen AG took over Giorgio Giugiaros Italdesign . 90.1% of the shares were taken over by the Audi AG subsidiary Lamborghini Holding SpA . Giugiaro designed the bodies of the first generation of the Golf , Scirocco , Passat and Audi 80 .
(from left: Raimund Nowak , Jürgen Leohold , Olaf Lies and Stefan Schostok )
In 2011, the VW Group acquired the majority of MAN and in 2012 - through the Group's subsidiary Audi - the motorcycle brand Ducati . On August 1, 2012, Volkswagen AG took over the remaining shares in Porsche AG from Porsche Automobil Holding . This step became necessary because the planned merger with the Porsche Holding had failed at the end of 2011. Porsche Automobil Holding received 4.46 billion euros and one Volkswagen ordinary share . This procedure is considered an internal restructuring in tax law.
The company has had a revised company logo since 2012.
VW AG reported a profit of around 4.8 billion euros on sales of 98.7 billion euros for the first half of 2013. The latter is an increase of 3.5 percent.
In 2014 the management board moved into a smaller building with the BT 10 office building; the administration tower was then refurbished. After the work was completed, the administration tower was assigned to the Volkswagen brand; the group board stayed in the smaller office building.
On September 26, 2015, Porsche Automobil Holding took over the 1.5% stake in Suzuki at an undisclosed price, thereby increasing its stake in Volkswagen ordinary shares to 52.2%; the stake in the subscribed capital increased to 32, 4%.
At the end of October 2015, VW AG signed a strategic partnership with the Chinese Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), which should in future provide the automotive company with banking services worldwide.
Herbert Diess , the VW brand boss, said that the planned restructuring of his company will take about two generations of cars (around 14 years). After the VW emissions scandal , the company is trying to replace the drive technology in its fleet, which is mainly based on internal combustion engines , with electric motors. The focus is on the battery , which should account for 30–50% of the vehicle's value.
In 2017, net profit was EUR 11.4 billion (operating profit: EUR 13.8 billion).
In November 2017, VW AG entered into a joint venture with JAC to establish an electric car brand. The Sol E20X, the first vehicle of the Sol brand, has been built in Hefei since autumn 2019 .
For the Chinese market, VW founded the Jetta brand in February 2019 . A sedan and two sport utility vehicles are to be marketed under this brand from the third quarter of 2019 .
At the IAA 2019, VW presented the ID.3 , the brand's first vehicle designed exclusively as an electric vehicle.
Manipulation of emission tests 2015
On September 20, 2015, Volkswagen admitted that it had manipulated the results of some emission tests on its vehicles with diesel engines with prohibited control software in the USA . The VW shares then lost up to 23% of their value on the first day of trading. Volkswagen stopped selling many diesel vehicles in the United States. The US Department of Transportation then initiated proceedings.
On September 22, 2015, VW admitted that the manipulated software was also present in other vehicles outside the United States and that it had an impact on test bench values in around eleven million vehicles worldwide. VW also issued a profit warning due to the necessary financial provisions , which caused the share price to collapse by another 20%. The next day, the then acting Chairman of the Board of Management of Volkswagen AG, Martin Winterkorn, resigned.
A reform plan presented in November 2016 provides for the shedding of up to 30,000 jobs at VW by the end of 2025, of which up to 23,000 jobs are to be cut at the core brand Volkswagen in Germany alone. At the same time, 9,000 new jobs are to be created and EUR 3.5 billion to be invested in future viability.
When Deutsche Umwelthilfe (DUH) checked the effectiveness of the retrofit in 2017 , VW was sued by VW for the failure to make false claims. After retrofitting, the DUH had determined a nitrogen oxide emission value of 602 milligrams per kilometer while driving, previously the value during driving was 964 milligrams. The limit value for laboratory measurements is 180 milligrams. The DUH denies the effectiveness of the retrofit, although its review also confirmed a reduction in emissions of around 38 percent. VW pointed out that the values should be determined in the laboratory. This view is confirmed by the Federal Motor Transport Authority.
In June 2018, the Braunschweig public prosecutor ended the investigation against Volkswagen AG for breaches of supervisory duties (in the engine development department in connection with vehicle inspection) by imposing a fine of one billion euros.
In February 2019, it became known that the diesel scandal had cost Volkswagen around 28 billion euros by then.
VW does not want to produce petrol or diesel cars from 2040 onwards.
Compensation fund
Like several other well-known German companies, such as Daimler AG or Siemens , Volkswagen profited from thousands of forced laborers during the Nazi era, but refused to pay compensation for years after the end of the Second World War. Only more than fifty years later, on July 7, 1998, after lengthy negotiations with the federal government, Volkswagen gave in to increasing international pressure and set up a private humanitarian foundation worth DM 20 million (1999 profit from Volkswagen AG: DM 845 million) , from whose funds only around 2,000 of the originally around 20,000 former forced laborers in 26 states had received compensation by the end of 2001.
In the Wolfsburg plant there is a “memorial to the forced labor on the premises of the Volkswagen plant”.
Projects based on labor market policy
Wolfsburg AG
When unemployment rose rapidly in 1998, VW presented the city of Wolfsburg with a concept that showed future prospects for Wolfsburg as a business location. Wolfsburg AG , a public private partnership founded in 1999 by the city of Wolfsburg and VW , implemented the concept. Their goal was to halve the unemployment rate of around 18 percent (as of 1997) in the region and to open up new economic fields.
Auto 5000 Ltd.
The Auto 5000 GmbH was founded in August 2001 and built as a 100 percent subsidiary of Volkswagen AG the Touran compact van and the compact SUV Tiguan . The company was founded in order to maintain Germany as a production facility and to create jobs in the region. Auto 5000 had 3,500 direct employees .
Since January 1, 2009, the majority of the Auto-5000 employees have been employed by Volkswagen AG . The Auto 5000 production area has been renamed Production Area 2. Jens Herrmann (plant manager Wolfsburg) became managing director.
Volkswagen and German politics
In 1998, on the recommendation of Peter Hartz, VW engaged the former Saarland economics minister and lawyer, Reinhold Kopp, as the "Commissioner for Government Relations ". Two years later he was appointed General Manager and in this role he was in charge of the Group's external relations. The ex-VW chairman, Bernd Pischetsrieder , announced that the automotive group intends to present a list of elected representatives who have worked for Volkswagen across Europe in January 2005. The SPD Bundestag member Hans-Jürgen Uhl and two SPD members of the Lower Saxony state parliament exposed lobbying work for the group, including the then Wolfsburg mayor Ingolf Viereck .
Structure, brands, subsidiaries
The Volkswagen group is divided into the areas of automobiles , mobility and financial services . There are also other corporate divisions and holdings.
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State of Lower Saxony 20% (11.8%)![]() |
Emirate of Qatar 17% (14.6%)![]() |
Free float 9.9% (42.3%) |
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- ↑ The proportion of subscribed capital is shown in brackets .
Regional responsibility
(As of June 22, 2018, source :)
region | brand |
---|---|
North America | Volkswagen (car) |
South America | |
Sub-Sahara | |
North africa | Seat |
Middle East | Audi AG |
Asia Pacific 1 | |
China | Volkswagen AG (Group) |
Russia | Škoda Auto |
India |
Automobiles
Brands and subsidiaries of Volkswagen AG
brand | VW share | units delivered in 2019 (2018) |
---|---|---|
Volkswagen (car) | 100% (brand of Volkswagen AG) | 6.278 million (6.245 million) |
Audi | 99.64% in Audi AG | 1.846 million (1.812 million) |
Škoda Auto | 100% to Škoda Auto, as | 1.243 million (1.254 million) |
Seat | 100% to Seat SA | 574,078 (517,627) |
Cupra | 100% (brand of Seat SA) | - |
Bentley | 100% to Bentley Motors, Ltd. | 11,006 (10,494) |
Lamborghini | 100% in Automobil Lamborghini Holding SpA (through Audi AG) | 8,205 (5,750) |
Bugatti | 100% to Bugatti Automobiles SAS | 82 (76) |
Porsche | 100% to Dr. Ing.hc F. Porsche AG | 280,800 (256,255) |
Jetta | 100% to JETTA | - |
Volkswagen commercial vehicles | 100% (brand of Volkswagen AG) | 491,559 (499,723) |
Traton SE (Scania, MAN) | 89.7% in Traton SE | 242.221 (232.994) 1 |
Scania (trucks and buses) | 100% to Scania AB (through Traton SE and MAN SE ) | 99,457 (96,475) |
MAN (trucks and buses) | 94.36% in MAN SE (through Traton SE) | 142,764 (136,517) |
Ducati (motorcycles) | 100% in Ducati Motor Holding SpA (through Audi AG) | 53,183 (53,004) |
Former automobile holdings
- Suzuki - 19.9% stake from January 2010 to September 2015
Group brands timeline
Timeline of the Volkswagen AG vehicle brands from 1935 to the present day | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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company | 1930s | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | brand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | ||
Volkswagen | Volkswagen | Volkswagen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volkswagen | Volkswagen commercial vehicles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seat | Seat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Škoda | Škoda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bentley | to Vickers | Bentley | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bugatti | Bugatti | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Porsche | Porsche | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Suzuki | Suzuki | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Auto Union | DKW , Wanderer , Horch , Audi | DKW (Auto Union GmbH) |
DKW / Auto-Union to Daimler-Benz |
Audi | Audi | Audi | Audi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NSU | NSU | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lamborghini | (Sports car) | to Chrysler | to Megatech | to Audi | Lamborghini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Tractors) | to Same | Lamborghini | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jetta | Jetta | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ducati | to Audi | Ducati | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scania | Scania-Vabis | Scania to Saab | independent | Scania | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MAN | MAN | MAN | MAN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus | Simca | to Chrysler | Dodge | Volkswagen | to MAN | Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Timelines of the models of each brand
Bentley models timeline since 1945 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Type | Body versions | Rolls Royce | Rolls-Royce Motor Cars | Vickers | Volkswagen AG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | ||
Gran Turismo | Coupé / convertible | Continental GT / GTC [6] | Continental GT / GTC [6] | Continental GT / GTC [8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Roadster | Bacalar [8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper class | limousine | Eight [4] | Continental Flying Spur [6] | Flying Spur [6] | Flying Spur [6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mark VI [1] | R-Type [1] | S1 [2] | S2 [2] | S3 [2] | T1 [3] | T2 [3] | Mulsanne [4] | Mulsanne S [4] | Brooklands [4] | Arnage [5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mulsanne Turbo [4] | Turbo R [4] | Turbo RT [4] | Arnage Red Label [5] | Arnage R / Arnage T [5] | Mulsanne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coupe |
R-Type [1] Continental |
S1 [2] Continental |
S2 [2] Continental |
S3 [2] Continental |
T1 [3] | Corniche [3] | Continental R / S / T | Brooklands [5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Convertible | T1 [3] | Corniche [3] | Continental [3] | Azure | Azure [5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State car | State sedan [5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SUV | Bentayga [7] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Racing car | LMGTP | Speed 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Timeline of the Bugatti models from 1987 to today | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Type | under Romano Artioli from Bugatti Automobili | under Volkswagen AG from Bugatti Automobiles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | |
Supercar | EB 110 | Veyron April 16 | Chiron | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Divo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Centodieci |
Timeline of the Lamborghini models from 1960 to today | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Type | ... Ferruccio Lamborghini | Rossetti / Leimer | ( Bankruptcy ) | Mimram | Chrysler | Megatech | Audi AG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
60s | 70s | 80s | 90s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | |
Coupe | 350GT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
400GT | Islero | Jarama | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Espada | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Urraco | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sports car | silhouette | Jalpa | Gallardo | Huracan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Miura | Countach | Diablo | Murciélago | Aventador | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SUV | Urus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Off-road vehicle | LM002 |
Timeline of the Seat models from 1950 to today | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Type | 1953 - 1982 Fiat vehicles under license | from 1982 cooperation and later part of VW | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | |
Microcar | 600 / 600E | panda | Marbella | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
600 D / 800 | Arosa [4] | Mii [10] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small car | 850 | 133 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
127 | For a | Ibiza I (021A) |
Ibiza II [2] (6K) ![]() |
Ibiza III [6] (6L) | Ibiza IV [8] (6Y) | Ibiza V [14] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compact class / lower middle class | 124 |
Cordoba I [2] (6K / C) ![]() |
Cordoba II [6] (6L / C) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
128 (3P) | Ritmo | Ronda | Leon I [5] (1M) | Leon II [7] (1P) | Leon III [12] (5F) | Leon IV [12] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Malaga | Toledo I [1] (1L) | Toledo II [5] (1M) | Toledo III [7] (5P) | Toledo IV [11] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Middle class | 1430 | 131 | Exeo [9] (3R) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1400 | 1500 | 132 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coupe | 1200/1430 Sport Coupé | Lancia Beta | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
124 Sport Coupé | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Box van | Trans | Terra |
Inca (9KS) [2] ![]() |
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SUV | Arona [14] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ateca [13] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tarraco [15] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compact van | Altea / Altea XL [7] (5P) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Van | Alhambra I [3] (7MS) | Alhambra II [3] (7N) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Timeline of the Škoda models from 1945 to today | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Type | Body versions | from 1945 to 1990 as a state enterprise AZNP | Gradually taken over by Volkswagen in 1991 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40s | 50s | 60s | 70s | 80s | 90s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | ||
Microcar | Hatchback | Citigo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small car | Convertible | … 1101 Tudor / 1102 Tudor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hatchback | Fabia I | Fabia II | Fabia III | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Station wagon | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notchback | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compact class | Hatchback | favourite | Felicia | Rapid spaceback | Scala | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Station wagon | Forman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lower middle class | Convertible | 450 | Felicia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coupe | 1100 MBX | 110 R | Guard | Rapid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notchback | 440 | Octavia | 1000 MB / 1100 MB | 100/110 | 105/120/125/130/135/136 | Octavia I |
Rapid ![]() |
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Rapid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Station wagon | Octavia station wagon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Middle class | Notchback | 1200 | 1201 | Octavia II | Octavia III | Octavia IV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Station wagon | 1202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
upper middle class | Notchback | Superb I. | Superb II | Superb III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Station wagon | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Upper class | Notchback | … Superb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
VOS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SUV | Hatchback |
Kamiq ![]() |
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Kamiq | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
yeti | Karoq | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kodiaq | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hatchback |
Kamiq GT ![]() |
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Kodiaq GT ![]() |
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High roof combination | Roomster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vans | 1203 | 1203 (from 1987: TAZ 1203 ) | 1500 ( TAZ 1500 ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
race car | Sports | 120 pp | 130 RS | 130 LR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sports / super sports | 1101 OHC | F3 |
Mobility services
- With We Share , the group offers a car sharing service with electric vehicles . After Berlin, this offer will later be expanded to other European and North American cities.
- The MOIA GmbH provides ridesharing -Mobilitätsdienste in the transport segment between bus and taxi to.
- In Hanover , the service was initially offered in minibuses with combustion engines , in Hamburg with electric minibuses . Since August 2020, only electric vehicles have been used in Hanover.
Financial services
- Volkswagen Financial Services AG (with other subsidiaries, such as bank, leasing, insurance)
Other corporate divisions and holdings
Company archive
- The company's own archive was set up in Wolfsburg in 1999.
design
- Italdesign Giugiaro - 100% (until 2015: 90.1%) stake in the well-known design forge through the Audi subsidiary Lamborghini, announced on May 25, 2010.
Development services
- IAV GmbH (VW subsidiary 50%)
- Volkswagen Infotainment GmbH (VW subsidiary 100%)
Initial and continuing education
- Volkswagen Coaching (until 2012)
Engines
- Volkswagen Marine boat engines
power supply
- VW-Kraftwerk GmbH (VW subsidiary 100%)
Services
- Volkswagen Group Services GmbH (VW subsidiary 100%)
- gedas (former VW subsidiary, sold to T-Systems on April 1, 2006 )
Electronics development
- Carmeq GmbH (VW subsidiary 100% through Volkswagen Group Services GmbH , since July 30, 2002)
Professional sport
- VfL Wolfsburg -Fußball GmbH (initially 90% stake. Since November 28, 2007 100% stake after the purchase of the shares in VfL Wolfsburg eV, held by Volkswagen Group Services)
Group logistics
Volkswagen Genuine Parts Logistics , headquartered in Baunatal, is the spare parts distribution network that networks the Original Parts Centers as Europe's largest spare parts warehouse with major customers from over 170 countries. In addition, the Group subsidiary Volkswagen Airservice takes on air transport services for the Group's management personnel; this company's aircraft are stationed at Braunschweig-Wolfsburg Airport.
Distribution and sales
As part of the planned merger of Volkswagen AG and Porsche Automobil Holding SE (PAH) , the Porsche and Piëch families agreed on August 13, 2009 to sell Porsche Holding GmbH to VW AG . On March 1, 2011, VW AG acquired Porsche Holding GmbH by paying PAH € 3.3 billion .
In May 2012, Volkswagen AG bundled its own automobile trading companies in VGRD GmbH (Volkswagen Group Retail Germany) and transferred them to Porsche Holding GmbH , Salzburg.
Porsche Holding Gesellschaft mbH, Salzburg
The Porsche Holding GmbH is Europe's largest car trading company with headquarters in Salzburg |
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VGRD GmbH
Merger of the car dealerships in Germany. |
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In 2009 Volkswagen AG took over 100% of the shares in the MAHAG Group and saved it from possible bankruptcy. MAHAG is one of the largest car dealerships in Germany and sells all of the Volkswagen Group's car brands.
The Hero & Ströhle GmbH based in Ulm markets like the MAHAG all car brands and commercial vehicles of the Volkswagen AG .
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Seat Germany Niederlassung GmbH
The Seat Germany GmbH subsidiary is a 100 percent subsidiary SEAT and operates four main offices in Germany (Frankfurt, Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart).
Food
One of the Volkswagen Service Factory's butchers produces millions of sausage products every year, mostly for sale in the factories. Around 7.8 million sausage products were produced in 2014, 6.3 million of which were VW currywurst .
Managing directors
Board
(Status: March 20, 2020 | Source :)
Business area | Surname | Member since | previous work |
---|---|---|---|
CEO | Herbert Diess | April 13, 2018 1 | Board Member for Development, BMW AG |
China division | Herbert Diess | January 11, 2019 1 | s. O. |
Finance and IT division | Frank Witter | October 7, 2015 | Chairman of the Board of Management, Volkswagen Financial Services AG |
Research and Development division | Markus Duesmann | April 1, 2020 | Member of the Board of Management of Purchasing and Supplier Network, BMW AG |
Integrity and Legal Division | Hiltrud Dorothea Werner | 1st February 2017 | Head of Corporate Audit, Volkswagen AG |
Components and Procurement division | Stefan Sommer | 1st September 2018 | CEO, ZF Friedrichshafen AG |
Personnel division | Gunnar Kilian | April 13, 2018 | Secretary General of the Group Works Council, Volkswagen AG |
Group production | Oliver Blume | April 13, 2018 | Board Member for Production & Logistics, Porsche AG |
Group sales | Herbert Diess | April 1, 2020 1 | s. O. |
Brand group Premium | Markus Duesmann | s. O. | s. O. |
Sport & Luxury brand group | Oliver Blume | s. O. | s. O. |
Truck & Bus brand group | Andreas Renschler | February 1, 2015 | Director of Production & Purchasing, Mercedes-Benz Cars & Vans |
Chairman of the Board of Management of Volkswagen Passenger Cars | Ralf Brandstätter | July 1, 2020 | Brand Board Member for the Procurement Division, Volkswagen Passenger Cars |
CEO :
Supervisory board
person | function |
---|---|
Hans Dieter Pötsch | Chairman |
Hussain Ali Al-Abdulla | Representative of the Qatar Holding |
Hessa Sultan Al-Jaber | Minister of Information and Communications Technology, Qatar |
Bernd Althusmann | Lower Saxony Minister for Economy, Labor, Transport and Digitization |
Hans-Peter Fischer | Chairman of the Board of Management of the Volkswagen Management Association (VMA) |
Marianne Heiss | CEO of the BBDO Group Germany |
Jörg Hofmann | IG Metall |
Johan Järvklo | Chairman of IF Metall at Scania AB |
Ulrike Jakob | Deputy Chairwoman of the Works Council of Volkswagen AG, Kassel plant |
Louise Kiesling | Representative of the Porsche and Piëch families |
Peter Mosch | Chairman of the General Works Council of Audi AG |
Bertina Murkovic | Chairwoman of the Works Council for Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles |
Bernd Osterloh | Chairman of the General and Group Works Council of Volkswagen AG |
Hans Michel Piëch | Porsche Holding |
Ferdinand Oliver Porsche | Board member of the Porsche AG holding company |
Wolfgang Porsche | Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Porsche Automobil Holding SE and Dr. Ing.hc F. Porsche AG |
Conny Schönhardt | Trade union secretary at the IG Metall executive committee, StSt strategic and political planning |
Athanasios Stimoniaris | Chairman of the group works council of MAN SE and the SE works council |
Stephan Weil | Prime Minister of Lower Saxony |
Werner Weresch | Chairman of the General and Group Works Council of Dr. Ing.hc F. Porsche AG |
Chairman of the Supervisory Board :
- 1966–1974: Josef Rust
- 1974–1979: Hans Birnbaum
- 1979–1987: Karl Gustaf Ratjen
- 1987–2002: Klaus Liesen
- 2002–2015: Ferdinand Piëch
- 2015 Berthold Huber (commissioner.) :
- 2015– Hans Dieter Pötsch :
Economic figures
VW worldwide sales 2018 (in thousands) |
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---|---|---|---|
Rank in GM |
country | Sales figures |
Market share (in%) |
1 |
![]() |
4,289 | 15.5% |
- |
![]() |
3,498 | - |
2 |
![]() |
1,248 | 36.5% |
3 |
![]() |
638 | 3.7% |
4th |
![]() |
499 | 21.1% |
5 |
![]() |
378 | 15.3% |
6th |
![]() |
297 | 22.3% |
7th |
![]() |
276 | 14.4% |
8th |
![]() |
259 | 11.9% |
9 |
![]() |
209 | 11.6% |
10 |
![]() |
197 | 13.8% |
11 |
![]() |
123 | 15.5% |
12 |
![]() |
122 | 47.0% |
13 |
![]() |
117 | 27.1% |
14th |
![]() |
114 | 20.7% |
15th |
![]() |
112 | 18.1% |
16 |
![]() |
106 | 34.4% |
17th |
![]() |
97 | 27.4% |
18th |
![]() |
94 | 21.1% |
19th |
![]() |
98 | 5.0% |
20th |
![]() |
94 | 17.4% |
According to the 2014 OICA ranking, Volkswagen is the second largest automaker in the world. Toyota had first place with 10.48 million units; Volkswagen followed with 9.89 million and the GM group with 9.61 million units.
In addition to organic growth , manufacturers are also being bought in, such as the commercial vehicle manufacturers MAN and Scania or the motorcycle brand Ducati .
Official OICA annual rankings are published in the summer of the following year. During the US auto show in Detroit , CEO Martin Winterkorn announced for 2012 that his company was able to sell 11.2% more automobiles compared to the previous year. After an automotive group succeeded for the first time in 2012 with GM to deliver more than 9 million vehicles, the VW group followed suit in 2012 with 9.07 million vehicles. The VW AG pursued the strategic goal to become by 2018 the world's largest automakers. This goal was already achieved in 2016. The business figures of the Volkswagen Group relate to the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS . The business figures of Volkswagen AG include the annual surplus as well as the dividend deduction and show the annual financial statements in accordance with the HGB .
year | Sales revenue [million Euro] |
Earnings after taxes [million Euro] |
Deliveries [million Piece] |
Workforce (annual average) [thousand] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1972 | 8,180 (15,999 million DM) | k. A. | k. A. | 192 |
1990 | 34,800 (68,063 million DM) | k. A. | k. A. | 261 |
1997 | 57,800 (113,047 million DM) | k. A. | k. A. | 280 |
2000 | 81,840 (160,065 million DM) | 2,610 | 5.165 | 322 |
2001 | 87,300 (170,744 million DM) | 2,930 | 5.107 | 324 |
2002 | 85.293 | 2,597 | 4.984 | 324 |
2003 | 84,813 | 1.003 | 5.016 | 335 |
2004 | 88,963 | 697 | 5.079 | 343 |
2005 | 93.996 | 1,120 | 5.243 | 345 |
2006 | 104,875 | 2,750 | 5.734 | 324.9 |
2007 | 108,897 | 4.122 | 6,192 | 329.3 (+1.4%) |
2008 | 113,808 | 4,688 | 6.272 | 369.9 (+ 12.3%) |
2009 | 105.187 | 911 | 6.310 | 368.5 (−0.4%) |
2010 | 126,875 | 7,226 | 7.203 | 399.4 (+ 8.4%) |
2011 | 159,337 | 15,799 | 8,361 | 502 (+ 25.7%) |
2012 | 192,676 | 21,884 | 9.345 | 550 (+ 9.5%) |
2013 | 197.007 | 9,145 | 9.728 | 573 (+ 4.2%) |
2014 | 202,458 | 11,068 | 10.217 | 593 (+ 3.5%) |
2015 | 213.292 | −1,361 | 9.931 | 610 (+ 2.9%) |
2016 | 217.267 | 5,379 | 10.297 | 627 (+ 2.8%) |
2017 | 229,550 | 11,463 | 10,472 | 634 (+1.1%) |
2018 | 235.849 | 12,153 | 10,834 | 656 (+ 3.5%) |
In the 2014 fiscal year, the Volkswagen Group delivered 1,092,675 vehicles in Germany, which corresponds to a market share of 36 percent. On the world market, the VW Group had a market share of 14 percent in new registrations in 2014.
The Volkswagen Group employs a total of over 8,000 trainees - at 44 production sites in 12 European countries and in 6 countries in America, Asia and Africa. Around 24,500 vehicles are built every day. Volkswagen offers its vehicles in more than 150 countries.
Production sites and employment figures
(As of March 19, 2020)
Companies | Locations | Employee | Models | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Europe | ||||
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Audi AG | Ingolstadt | 44,458 |
Audi A3 Sportback Audi A3 Sedan Audi A4 Sedan Audi A4 Avant Audi A4 allroad Audi A5 Coupé Audi A5 Sportback Audi Q2 |
Münchsmünster | > 900 | Component plant: chassis structural components |
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Neckarsulm | 16,935 | Audi A4 Sedan Audi A5 Cabriolet Audi A6 Sedan Audi A6 Avant Audi A7 Sportback Audi A8 Sedan Audi A8L Sedan 1 |
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Audi Sport GmbH | Heilbronn | 1,131 |
Audi R8 Coupé Audi R8 Spyder |
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Dr. Ing.hc F. Porsche AG | Leipzig | 4,260 |
Porsche Macan Porsche Panamera Porsche Panamera Sport Turismo |
|
Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen |
21,371 |
Porsche 718 Boxster Porsche 718 Cayman Porsche 911 Coupé Porsche 911 Cabriolet Porsche 911 Targa Porsche Taycan Volkswagen Group Components: Engines Gearboxes |
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MAN Energy Solutions SE ( MAN SE ) |
augsburg | 4,334 | Component plant: four-stroke large diesel engines, turbochargers for ships and power plants |
|
Berlin | 436 | Component plant: Compressors for refineries and the industrial gas industry |
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Deggendorf | 527 | Component plant: reactors for the chemical and petrochemical industry |
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Hamburg | 466 | Component plant: MARC steam turbines |
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Oberhausen | 1,848 | Component plant: compressors, steam and gas turbines |
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MAN Truck & Bus AG (MAN SE) |
Munich | 9,185 |
Man TGS Man TGX MAN TGS WW component plant: cabs axles transfer case |
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Nuremberg | 3,743 | Component plant: diesel and gas engines |
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Salzgitter | 2,472 | Component plant: axles, crankshafts |
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Renk AG (MAN SE) |
augsburg | 1,276 | Component plant: Powershift transmissions for tracked vehicles, special transmissions for ships |
|
Hanover | 356 | Component plant: plain bearing couplings |
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Rheine | 441 | Component plant: standard gearboxes for ships turbo gearboxes for industrial plants couplings |
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Sitech GmbH | Emden | 455 | Volkswagen Group Components: sofas VW Arteon VW Passat |
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Hanover | 424 | Volkswagen Group Components: Seat sets VW Amarok VW T6 |
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Wolfsburg | 1,841 | Volkswagen Group Components: Seat sets VW Golf VW Golf Sportsvan VW Tiguan VW Touran |
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Volkswagen AG ( Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Braunschweig | 6,439 | Component plant: Battery systems, plastics technology Volkswagen Group Components: Chassis |
|
Emden | 8,891 |
VW Arteon VW Passat VW Passat Variant VW Passat Variant TGI VW Passat Variant GTE VW Passat Variant Alltrack |
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Kassel ( Baunatal ) |
16,500 | Component plant: exhaust systems Volkswagen Group Components: electric motors foundry manual and direct shift gearboxes |
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Salzgitter | 6,259 | Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
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Wolfsburg | 52,389 |
Seat Tarraco VW Golf VW e-Golf VW Golf Sportsvan VW Tiguan VW Touran Component plant : Press shop for plastics technology Volkswagen Group Components: Chassis |
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Volkswagen AG ( Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles ) |
Hanover | 13,402 |
VW Amarok VW T6 VW e-Crafter Volkswagen Group Components: Foundry heat exchanger |
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Volkswagen Sachsen GmbH (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Chemnitz | 2,046 | Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
Dresden | 418 |
VW e-Golf VW ID.3 |
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Zwickau | 8,184 |
VW ID.3 VW Golf VW Golf Variant |
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Volkswagen Osnabrück GmbH (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Osnabrück | 2,434 | Porsche 718 Cayman VW T-Roc Cabriolet |
|
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AUDI BRUSSELS SA / NV (Audi AG) |
Brussels | 3,065 |
Audi e-tron Audi e-tron Sportback Volkswagen Group Components: -? |
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Volkswagen Sarajevo doo | Sarajevo | - | Volkswagen Group Components: chassis |
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Dencop A / S
(MAN Energy Solutions SE) |
Copenhagen | 1,396 | Research and development component plant: engine components for maritime two-stroke engines |
MAN Energy Solutions SE | Frederikshavn | 462 | Component plant: marine engines |
|
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Scania OmniExpress (SOE) Busproduction Finland Oy ( Scania CV AB ) |
Lahti | 336 | Scania Omni-Express |
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Bugatti Automobiles SAS | Molsheim | 120 | Bugatti Chiron |
MAN Energy Solutions France SAS (MAN Energy Solutions SE) |
Saint-Nazaire | 645 | Component plant: four-stroke engines spare parts production center for connecting rods, cylinder heads and crankcases |
|
Scania France SAS (Scania CV AB) |
Angers | 941 | Scania Trucks for France & Southwest Europe | |
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Horstman Holdings
(Renk AG) |
Bath | 113 | Component factory |
Bentley Motors Ltd. | Crewe | 4,398 |
Bentley Bentayga Bentley Continental GT Bentley Continental GTC Bentley Flying Spur Bentley Mulsanne Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
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Automobili Lamborghini SpA (Audi AG) |
Sant'Agata Bolognese | 1,787 |
Lamborghini Aventador S Lamborghini Aventador S Roadster Lamborghini Aventador SVJ Lamborghini Huracán Lamborghini Huracán Spyder Lamborghini Sián FKP 37 Lamborghini Urus Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
Ducati Motor Holding SpA (Audi AG) |
Bologna | 1,276 |
Ducati Diavel Ducati Hypermotard Ducati Monster Ducati Multistrada Ducati Scrambler Ducati SuperSport 939 Ducati Superbike 959 Panigale Ducati Superbike 1299 Panigale Components plant: engines |
|
Italdesign Giugiaro SpA (Audi AG) |
Moncalieri | 1,045 | Design studio | |
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MAN Truck & Bus Austria GmbH
(MAN Truck & Bus AG) |
Steyr | 2.154 |
MAN TGM MAN TGL |
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Scania Production Meppel BV (Scania CV AB) |
Meppel | 390 | Component plant: paint shop for cabs and chassis parts |
Scania Production Zwolle BV (Scania CV AB) |
Zwolle | 1,494 | Scania Trucks | |
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MAN Truck & Bus Polska Sp. Z oo (MAN Truck & Bus AG) |
Starachowice | 2,868 | MAN Lion's City MAN Lion's Regio |
MAN Trucks Sp. Z oo (MAN Truck & Bus AG) |
Kraków | 577 | MAN TGS MAN TGX |
|
Scania Production Słupsk SA (Scania CV AB) |
Slupsk | 697 | Bus bodies | |
SITECH Sp. Z oo (SITECH GmbH) |
Głogów | 144 | Volkswagen Group Components: seat components and seat sets |
|
Polkowice | 1,642 | |||
Września | 155 | Volkswagen Group Components: VW Crafter MAN TGE |
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Volkswagen Poznań Sp. Zoo (Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles) |
Poses | 6,467 |
VW Caddy VW T6.1 Volkswagen Group Components: Foundry |
|
Volkswagen Września Sp. Zoo (Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles) |
Września | 3,022 |
VW Crafter VW Grand California MAN TGE MAN e-TGE |
|
Volkswagen Motor Polska Sp. Zoo (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Polkowice | 1,297 | Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
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Volkswagen Autoeuropa, Lda. | Palmela | 5,536 |
Seat Alhambra VW Sharan VW T-Roc |
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Ferruform AB (Scania CV AB) |
Luleå | 484 | Component factory: frame, bumper, rear axle housing |
Scania CV AB | Södertälje | 16,083 | Research and Development Trucks Bus Chassis Component Plant: Axles Chassis Gearboxes Motors |
|
Scania Cab Production (Scania CV AB) |
Oskarshamn | 928 | Component plant: truck cabs |
|
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MAN Diesel & Turbo Schweiz AG (MAN Energy Solutions SE) |
Zurich | 797 | Component factory: hermetically sealed motor compressors and vacuum blowers |
RENK-MAAG GmbH (MAN Energy Solutions SE) |
Winterthur | 111 | Component plant: turbo transmission |
|
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SEAT SA | Barcelona | 1,384 | Press shop: punched body parts |
Martorell | 12,586 |
Audi A1 Sportback Audi A1 citycarver Seat Arona Seat Ibiza Seat Leon Seat Leon ST Component plant: engines |
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Seat Components (SEAT SA) |
El Prat de Llobregat | 1,099 | Volkswagen Group Components: Transmission - MQ100 / 200/250/350/500 |
|
Volkswagen Navarra (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Pamplona | 4,967 |
VW Polo VW T-Cross Component Plant : Transmission - AQ160 / 250/300/450 engines |
|
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Volkswagen Slovakia as (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Bratislava | 11,453 |
Audi Q7 Audi Q8 Porsche Cayenne Porsche Cayenne Coupé Seat Mii electric Škoda Citigo Škoda Karoq VW Touareg VW up! VW e-up! Volkswagen Group Components: Transmission |
Martin | 881 | Components plant: chassis components engine components Volkswagen Group Components: transmissions |
||
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PBS Turbo sro (MAN Energy Solutions SE) |
Velká Bíteš | 210 | Component plant: turbocharger for large diesel engines |
Škoda Auto as | Kvasiny | 7,203 |
Seat Ateca Škoda Karoq Škoda Kodiaq Škoda Superb |
|
Mladá Boleslav | 26,992 |
Škoda Fabia Škoda Kamiq Škoda Karoq Škoda Octavia Škoda Scala Volkswagen Group Components: foundry chassis |
||
Vrchlabí | 857 | Volkswagen Group Components: Transmission - DQ200 |
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MAN Türkiye AS (MAN Truck & Bus AG) |
Ankara | 2,840 | MAN Lion's City MAN Lion's Coach Neoplan Cityliner Neoplan Skyliner Neoplan Tourliner |
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AUDI HUNGARIA Zrt. (Audi AG) |
Győr | 12,807 | Audi A3 Sedan Audi A3 Cabriolet Audi TT Coupé Audi TT Roadster Audi Q3 Volkswagen Group Components: Motors E-drive |
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OOO MAN Truck & Bus Production RUS (MAN Truck & Bus AG) |
St. Petersburg | 2 | MAN TGS WW |
OOO Volkswagen Group Rus (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Kaluga | 4,558 | Audi Q7 Škoda Karoq Škoda Kodiaq Škoda Octavia VW Polo (Vento) VW Tiguan Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
North America | ||||
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Audi México SA de CV (Audi AG) |
San Jose Chiapa | 5,229 | Audi Q5 |
MAN Latin America Indústria e Comércio de Veiculos Ltda. | Santiago de Querétaro | 215 | Coach LionsMex Coach VW Constellation VW Worker |
|
Volkswagen de México SA de CV (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Puebla | 13,077 | VW Golf VW Golf Variant VW Golf SportWagen (North America) VW Jetta VW Tiguan Volkswagen Group Components: Foundry Chassis |
|
Silao | 1,233 | Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
||
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Horstman Holdings
(Renk AG) |
Sterling Heights (Michigan) | 58 | Component factory |
Volkswagen Group of America Chattanooga Operations LLC (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Chattanooga, Tennessee | 2,559 |
VW Atlas VW Atlas Cross Sport VW Passat (NMS) |
|
South America | ||||
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Scania Argentina SA (Scania CV AB) |
San Miguel de Tucuman | 979 | Component plant: gearbox rear axle drive |
Volkswagen Argentina SA (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Cordoba | 1,353 | Volkswagen Group Components: manual transmission |
|
Pacheco | 3,702 | VW Amarok | ||
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Audi do Brasil Indústria e Comércio de Veículos Ltda. (Audi AG) |
São José dos Pinhais | 2,598 | Audi A3 sedan |
DAFRA da Amazônia Indústria e Comércio de Motocicletas Ltda. (Ducati Motor Holding SpA) |
Manaus | 11 | Ducati Diavel Ducati Hypermotard Ducati Multistrada Ducati Monster Ducati Scrambler Ducati Superbike 959 Panigale Ducati Superbike 1299 Panigale |
|
MAN Latin America Indústria e Comércio de Veiculos Ltda. | Resende | 1,586 | MAN TGX MAN Volksbus VW Constellation VW Worker Component plant: Bus chassis |
|
Scania Latin America Ltda. (Scania CV AB) |
São Paulo | 3,969 | Trucks component plant: axles, bus chassis, cabs, engines |
|
Volkswagen do Brasil Indústria de Veículos Automotores Ltda. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Sao Bernardo do Campo | 8.105 | VW Nivus VW Polo VW Saveiro VW Virtus |
|
Sao Carlos | 923 | Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
||
São José dos Pinhais | so |
VW Fox VW T-Cross |
||
Taubate | 3.127 |
VW Gol VW up! VW Voyage |
||
Africa | ||||
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SOVAC Production SPA | Relizane | - | Multi-brand factory (SKD) |
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MAN Bus & Coach (Pty) Ltd. (MAN Truck & Bus AG) |
Olifantsfontein | 206 | MAN Lion's Explorer MAN Lion's City MAN Lion's Intercity VW Volksbus |
MAN Truck & Bus (SA). (Pty) Ltd. (MAN Truck & Bus AG) |
Pinetown | 117 | MAN TGS WW MAN TGL MAN TGM MAN Cargoline CLA VW Constellation Component plant: bus chassis |
|
Scania South Africa (Pty) Ltd. (Scania CV AB) |
Johannesburg | 709 | Trucks buses |
|
Volkswagen of South Africa (Pty) Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Uitenhage | 4,007 |
VW Polo Vivo Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
Asia | ||||
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FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Company, Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Changchun | 20,933 | Audi A4L sedan 1 Audi A6L sedan 1 Audi Q5L 1 Audi e-tron VW Bora VW C-Trek VW CC VW Tacqua VW Magotan Volkswagen Group Components: engines gearboxes |
Cheng you | 7,264 |
JETTA VA3 JETTA VS5 JETTA VS7 VW Sagitar Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
||
Foshan | 6,510 | Audi Q2L Audi Q2L e-tron VW T-Roc VW Golf VW Golf Sportsvan |
||
Qingdao | 3,196 | Audi A3 Sedan Audi A3 Sportback VW New Bora |
||
MAN Diesel & Turbo China Production Co., Ltd. (MAN Energy Solutions SE) |
Changzhou | 437 | Component plant: Turbomachinery Turbocharger for large diesel engines |
|
SAIC-Volkswagen Automotive Co., Ltd., Shanghai (Volkswagen PKW) |
Anting | 17,791 |
VW New Lavida VW Phideon VW Polo VW T-Cross VW Tiguan (LWB) 2 VW Touran Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
Changsha | 3.130 | Škoda Kodiaq Škoda Kodiaq GT VW New Lavida VW Touran |
||
Nanjing | 3,212 |
Škoda Kamiq Škoda Kamiq GT Škoda Superb VW Passat NMS China |
||
Ningbo | 3,922 | Škoda Karoq Škoda Octavia VW Lamando VW Tharu VW Teramont VW Teramont X VW Viloran |
||
Urumqi | 642 | VW Tharu VW Santana |
||
Yizheng | 2,957 | Škoda Rapid Škoda Rapid Spaceback VW Tharu VW Santana |
||
Shanghai Volkswagen Powertrain Company, Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Loutang | 1,847 | Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
SITECH Dongchang (SITECH GmbH) |
Shanghai | 815 | Volkswagen Group Components: seat structures and seat sets |
|
VOLKSWAGEN Automatic Transmission Co., Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Tianjin | 4600 | Volkswagen Group Components: Transmission |
|
VOLKSWAGEN Automatic Transmission (Dalian) Co., Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Dalian | 2,940 | ||
VOLKSWAGEN Transmission (Shanghai) Company, Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Anting | 438 | ||
Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) Co., Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Changchun | 652 | Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
Dalian | 832 | |||
Volkswagen FAW Platform Company, Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Changchun | 661 | Volkswagen Group Components: chassis |
|
Cheng you | 286 | |||
Foshan | 438 | |||
Tianjin | 245 | |||
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MAN Diesel & Turbo India Pty. Ltd. (MAN Energy Solutions SE) |
Aurangabad | 408 | Component plant: diesel engines for ships and power plants |
MAN Turbomachinery India Pvt. Ltd. (MAN Energy Solutions SE) |
Bangalore | 171 | Component plant: MARIM and MARC steam turbines |
|
Scania Commercial Vehicles India Pvt. Ltd.
(Scania CV AB) |
Kolar | 236 | Scania trucks and buses | |
Škoda Auto India Private Limited (Škoda Auto) |
Aurangabad | 891 | Audi A3 Sedan Audi A4 Sedan Audi A6 Sedan Audi Q3 Audi Q5 Audi Q7 Škoda Kodiaq Škoda Superb |
|
Volkswagen India Private Ltd. (Volkswagen Passenger Cars) |
Pune | 3,364 | Škoda Rapid VW Polo VW Polo Vento Volkswagen Group Components: Engines |
|
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Scania (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (Scania CV AB) |
Kuala Lumpur | 304 | Scania trucks and buses |
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Scania Korea Seoul Ltd. (Scania CV AB) |
Busan | 210 | Scania Trucks |
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Griffin Automotive Ltd. Taiwan Branch (BVI) (Scania CV AB) |
Ping Chen City | 47 | Scania trucks and buses |
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Ducati Motor (Thailand) Co. Ltd. (Ducati Motor Holding SpA) |
Amphur Pluakdaeng Rayong | 200 | Ducati Diavel Ducati Hypermotard Ducati Monster Ducati Multistrada Ducati Scrambler Ducati SuperSport 939 Ducati Superbike 959 Panigale Ducati Superbike 1299 Panigale Components plant: engines |
Scania Siam Co. Ltd. (Scania CV AB) |
Bang Pakong | 94 | Scania trucks and buses |
Companies | Africa | Asia | Europe | North America | South America | Worldwide |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Audi AG | - | 800 | 79,296 | 5,229 | - | 85,725 |
Automobili Lamborghini SpA | - | - | 1,787 | - | - | 1,787 |
Bentley Motors Ltd. | - | - | 4,398 | - | - | 4,398 |
Bugatti Automobiles SAS | - | - | 120 | - | - | 120 |
Dr. Ing.hc F. Porsche AG | - | - | 25,631 | - | - | 25,631 |
Ducati Motor Holding SpA | - | 200 | 1,276 | - | 11 | 1,487 |
Italdesign Giugiaro SpA | - | - | 1,045 | - | - | 1,045 |
MAN SE | 323 | 1,016 | 37,259 | 58 | 1,801 | 40,457 |
MAN Truck & Bus AG | 323 | - | 23,841 | - | 1,801 | 25,965 |
MAN Energy Solutions SE (including RENK AG) | - | 1,016 | 13,418 | 58 | - | 14,492 |
RENK AG (including Horstman Holdings and Renk-Maag) | - | - | 2,297 | 58 | - | 2,355 |
Horstman Holdings | - | - | 113 | 58 | - | 171 |
Renk-Maag GmbH | - | - | 111 | - | - | 111 |
Scania CV AB | 709 | 891 | 21,353 | - | 4,948 | 27.901 |
SEAT SA | - | - | 15,069 | - | - | 15,069 |
Sitech GmbH | - | 815 | 4,661 | - | - | 5,476 |
Škoda Auto | - | 891 | 35,052 | - | - | 35,943 |
Volkswagen Financial Services AG | - | - | 8,158 | 1.014 | - | 9,172 |
Volkswagen Passenger Cars (including FAW and SAIC joint venture) | 4,007 | 85,860 | 129.010 | 16,869 | 19,808 | 255.554 |
Volkswagen commercial vehicles | - | - | 22,891 | - | - | 22,891 |
Share and shareholders
Volkswagen is a stock corporation that issues its shares in bearer ordinary shares and preference shares . The company's share capital is divided into around 295 million ordinary shares and around 206 million preference shares. Around 89% of the ordinary shares are held by three major shareholders (see table). The majority of the preferred shares listed in the DAX are in free float.
Share (distribution of voting rights) |
Share (in subscribed capital) |
Shareholders |
---|---|---|
53.1% | 31.3% | Porsche Automobil Holding SE, Stuttgart |
20.0% | 11.8% | State of Lower Saxony via Hannoversche Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH , Hanover |
17.0% | 14.6% | Qatar Holding LLC, Doha |
9.9% | 42.3% | Free float |
As of December 31, 2019
With the amendment of the VW Act , the limitation of the voting rights of an individual shareholder to 20 percent has been abolished.
The share is represented in the EURO STOXX 50 , DAX , DivDAX , HDAX , CDAX , Prime All Share , Prime Automobile and NISAX20 indices and is traded on all major German and global stock exchanges , including New York, London and Luxembourg. It is also featured in many of the Standard & Poor’s and Dow Jones automotive indices .
On October 26, 2008, major shareholder Porsche announced that it had increased its stake in Volkswagen to 42.6%. In addition, they have 31.5% in the form of options to hedge the share price on VW ordinary shares. Taken together, Porsche would have a 74.1% stake in Volkswagen, which could allow a domination agreement to be concluded. At that time, the state of Lower Saxony owned around 20 percent, meaning that only around 6 percent of VW ordinary shares were freely tradable. This situation resulted in the share price rising by 289.29% within a week and on October 28, 2008 in the Xetra electronic trading system, after an opening price of EUR 500, it reached the peak value of EUR 1,005.01 within one day. Volkswagen was thus briefly - measured in terms of stock market value - as the most valuable company in the world.
On December 18, 2009, the Emirate of Qatar increased its stake to 17%. As a result, the proportion of common shares in free float fell below the 10% limit, as a result of which VW common shares were removed from the DAX and replaced by VW preferred shares .
Personalities
- Heinrich Nordhoff , from 1948 General Director ( Managing Director ) of Volkswagenwerk GmbH, from 1960 to 1968 then Chairman of the Board of Management of Volkswagenwerk AG
- Rudolf Leiding , VW CEO from 1971 to 1975
- Carl Hahn junior , VW CEO from 1982 to 1993
- Folker Weißgerber , headed the production division from March 2001 to June 2005 as a VW board member.
- Ferdinand Piëch , grandson of Ferdinand Porsche , VW CEO from 1993 to 2002 and Chairman of the VW Supervisory Board from 2002 to 2015
- Ignacio Lopez , head of purchasing at VW AG from 1993 to 1996
criticism
At the presentation of the series vehicle VW up! At the International Motor Show in Frankfurt in September 2011, Greenpeace criticized the Group's model policy. The environmental protection organization complained that the fuel consumption of the small car was too high compared to the BlueMotion models Polo and Golf; As the largest European automobile manufacturer, VW is a role model for climate protection .
literature
- Mark C. Schneider: Volkswagen. A German story. Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-8270-1322-4 . (With notes, bibliography, chronicle and register of persons)
- Hedwig Richter, Ralf Richter: The guest worker world. Life between Palermo and Wolfsburg . Schöningh, 2012, ISBN 978-3-506-77373-9 .
- Paul Schilperoord: The True Story of the VW Beetle. How the Nazis stole the VW patents from Josef Ganz . Huber, Vienna a. a. 2011, ISBN 978-3-7193-1565-8 .
- Martin Posth: 1000 Days in Shanghai. Singapore 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-82388-0 .
- Manfred Grieger, Ulrike Gutzmann, Dirk Schlinkert (eds.): Volkswagen Chronik (= historical notations . Volume 7). 2nd Edition. Wolfsburg 2005, ISBN 3-935112-10-6 .
- Markus Lupa: The work of the British. Volkswagen factory and occupying power 1945–1949 (= historical notes . Volume 2). 2nd Edition. Wolfsburg 2005, ISBN 3-935112-00-9 .
- Hans-Joachim Selenz : Black Book VW. Frankfurt 2005, ISBN 3-8218-5612-2 .
- Ralf Richter: Ivan Hirst . British officer and manager of Volkswagen construction . Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg 2003, ISBN 3-935112-12-2 .
- Hans Mommsen, Manfred Grieger: The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich. Econ-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1996, ISBN 3-430-16785-X .
- Volkmar Köhler: The Volkswagen factories in Wolfsburg and Hanover (= Small Art Guide for Lower Saxony . Issue 20). Goettingen 1958.
Web links

- Volkswagen AG website
- Affairs and scandals about the VW group Deutsche Welle from July 8, 2005 to VW affairs from 1990 to 2005
- Who with whom? The most important links between the largest automakers and suppliers (PDF; 4.6 MB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Volkswagen AG Annual Report 2018 , accessed on February 29, 2020
- ↑ a b Volkswagen Group 2019 with successful business. In: VolkswagenAG.com. February 28, 2020, accessed March 5, 2020 .
- ↑ Two new billionaires: Trend ranking: These are the richest Austrians . In: www.kleinezeitung.at . ( kleinezeitung.at [accessed on September 26, 2018]).
- ↑ Waiting for the newcomers: transfer of power in the two families behind VW . April 7, 2017 ( industriemagazin.at [accessed August 4, 2018]).
- ↑ Largest Car Manufacturers Worldwide 2018. Accessed September 29, 2019 .
- ↑ The ten largest automakers. In: Capital.de. January 12, 2018, accessed September 29, 2019 .
- ^ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com): Volkswagen remains the world's largest car maker. January 17, 2018, accessed September 29, 2019 .
- ↑ oica.net (PDF)
- ↑ The model range of the Volkswagen Group - an overview and links to the brands' international websites. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 2, 2011 ; Retrieved June 15, 2011 .
- ↑ Volkswagen AG - reporting structure. In: volkswagenag.com. Retrieved April 2, 2020 .
- ^ Jürgen Lewandowski: VW Types and History, Steiger-Verlag, Augsburg 1998, ISBN 3-89652-126-8 , p. 8.
- ↑ Hans Mommsen , Manfred Grieger : The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich. P. 198.
- ↑ Hans Mommsen, Manfred Grieger: The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich. P. 251.
- ↑ Hans Mommsen, Manfred Grieger: The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich. P. 253.
- ↑ Bernd Wiersch: The Beetle Chronicle, The story of a car legend. 2nd Edition. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld, ISBN 978-3-7688-1695-3 .
- ↑ Hans Mommsen, Manfred Grieger: The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich , Düsseldorf 1996.
- ↑ a b Hans Mommsen: The Volkswagenwerk and the "Zero Hour": Continuity and Discontinuity In: dhm.de , accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Hans Mommsen; Manfred Grieger: The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich. Econ Verlag, Düsseldorf 1996, p. 927.
- ↑ Winand von Petersdorff: The mission of Ferdinand Piëch. In: FAZ.net . November 13, 2006, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Hans Mommsen, Manfred Grieger: The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich , Düsseldorf 1996.
- ↑ Hans Mommsen, Manfred Grieger: The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich. P. 954.
- ↑ VW-Werkschronik "Das Werk der Briten ", ISBN 3-935112-00-9
- ↑ Rüdiger Etzold: The Beetle - A Documentation . Volume 1, Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-7168-1582-9 , p. 8.
- ↑ H. Leyendecker, K. Ott: History “inadequate”. (No longer available online.) Süddeutsche Zeitung GmbH, June 13, 2009, archived from the original on June 15, 2009 ; Retrieved June 13, 2009 .
- ↑ Arne Stuhr: Auto-Aktien: Why the Porsche boss needs a kink. In: manager-magazin.de. August 23, 2002, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Hedwig Richter, Ralf Richter: On the strike of the Italian migrant workers in the Volkswagen factory in 1962. in: Yearbook for research on the history of the workers' movement , issue I / 2008.
- ↑ Peter Birke: Wild strikes in the economic miracle. Campus Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-593-38444-3 , p. 118 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ The year 1975 in the picture. Carlsen, Hamburg 1975, p. 94.
- ↑ Until Christmas . In: Der Spiegel . No. 50 , 1977 ( online ).
- ↑ Slowdown in auto sales expected in China - People's Daily Online. In: english.people.com.cn. January 30, 2010, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ^ Martin Posth: 1000 Days in Shanghai. Singapore 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-82388-0 .
- ↑ Gregor Haake: Local production: Volkswagen fights for China with billions. ( Memento of April 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: Financial Times Deutschland , April 26, 2010.
- ↑ Courtesy shown . In: Der Spiegel . No. 39 , 1987 ( online ).
- ↑ Volkswagen Chronicle
- ↑ Volkswagen Group: Volkswagen Group garcia_sanz . In: volkswagenag.com . Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
- ↑ Heinz Blüthmann: The López affair is about to reach a new high point: In Germany there is a threat of industrial espionage charges . In: Die Zeit , No. 47/1996
- ↑ Cooperation instead of war? In: Der Spiegel . No. 49 , 1996 ( online ).
- ↑ Suspects at Opel, Oracle and Ferrari. In: welt.de . May 12, 2007, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Heinz Blüthmann: López did more than harm to VW . In: Die Zeit , No. 4/1997
- ^ Call in the Cavalry: IP Issues in Business Transactions . In: Findlaw . Retrieved September 26, 2015.
- ↑ Auto industry: VW wants to overturn the 28.8 hour week. In: Spiegel Online . June 12, 2006, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ DPA / AP: VW: Back to the 35-hour week. In: stern.de . June 12, 2006, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Publication of voting rights on March 28, 2007 ( Memento of April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
- ↑ Hilke Janssen and Ann-Katrin Johannsmann: VW pays for studies that help the auto industry In: ndr.de , February 9, 2016, accessed on October 8, 2018.
- ↑ Matthias Breitinger: Research for the allegedly clean diesel In: zeit.de , January 31, 2018, accessed on October 8, 2018.
- ↑ Return after 23 years: Volkswagen opens a new plant in the USA. In: Spiegel Online . May 24, 2011, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Volkswagen Group in the fast lane: The Wolfsburg-based carmaker is now in third place worldwide in the sales ranking ( memento of December 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), August 28, 2008.
- ↑ Porsche increases stake in VW to more than 35% ( memento from June 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Porsche brings Volkswagen under its control. In: de.reuters.com. September 16, 2008, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Oliver Stock in the Handelsblatt from October 29, 2008.
- ↑ Short Squeeze - Porsche is fooling VW speculators ( memento from August 3, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), in Financial Times Germany , October 28, 2008.
- ↑ VW at times the most expensive company in the world. In: tagesspiegel.de . October 28, 2008, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Press release from Porsche Automobil Holding SE of May 6, 2009 ( Memento of June 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Anselm Waldermann: Merger instead of takeover: Wiedeking fails with attack on Volkswagen. In: Spiegel Online . May 6, 2009, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Suzuki: may reject if Volkswagen eyes bigger stake , January 21, 2010.
- ↑ https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/harz/vwsuzuki111.html (link not available)
- ↑ Volkswagen Group takes over majority in Italdesign Giugiaro ( Memento from August 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ AUDI AG takes over sports motorcycle manufacturer Ducati Motor Holding SpA ( Memento from April 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ VW takes over Porsche without a large tax burden. ndr.de, July 5, 2012, archived from the original on July 6, 2012 ; Retrieved July 5, 2012 .
- ↑ Volkswagen at auto motor und sport
- ↑ dpa: The VW profit is falling. In: FAZ.net . July 30, 2013, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Volkswagen Group: Volkswagen Group Half- Year Financial Report 2013 . In: volkswagenag.com . Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
- ↑ VW high-rise gets little brother. waz-online.de, archive version
- ↑ The Piëch and Porsche families continue to stock up at VW
- ↑ donaukurier.de ( Memento from March 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Battery will account for up to 50 percent of the vehicle's value. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine. July 4, 2016, accessed July 4, 2016 .
- ↑ VW doubles profit despite scandals ( Deutsche Welle )
- ^ Joey Wang: JAC-Volkswagen SOL E20X Will Hit The Chinese Car Market In June. In: carnewschina.com. May 24, 2018, accessed December 26, 2018 .
- ↑ James Dee: JAC Volkswagen brings first electric car. In: china-auto.news. October 4, 2019, accessed October 5, 2019 .
- ↑ Volkswagen wants to convince the Chinese with a new brand. In: t-online.de. February 26, 2019, accessed February 26, 2019 .
- ↑ Tom Drechsler: VW ID.3 (2019/2020): News, 1st, Cockpit, pre-order, wheelbase. In: autobild.de. September 9, 2019, accessed September 21, 2019 .
- ↑ afp, dpa, Reuters: VW share crashes by 23 percent. In: handelsblatt.com . September 21, 2015, accessed September 22, 2015 .
- ↑ Volkswagen AG provides information ( memento of September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Press release of September 22, 2015 from Volkswagen AG.
- ↑ tagesschau.de: Cheat software in eleven million VWs. In: tagesschau.de. September 22, 2015, accessed September 22, 2015 .
- ^ David Böcking: Resignation of VW boss Winterkorn: Autumn of the Patriarchs. In: Spiegel Online. September 23, 2015, accessed September 24, 2015 .
- ↑ In the wording: This is Martin Winterkorn's declaration of resignation. Focus, September 23, 2015, accessed September 12, 2015 .
- ↑ Massive job cuts: VW is cutting 23,000 jobs in Germany , tagesschau.de , November 18, 2016
- ↑ Malte Kreutzfeldt: Diesel scandal and environmental associations: VW prohibits criticism of exhaust gas In: taz.de , April 5, 2017, accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ↑ VW pays a billion euros fine in the diesel scandal. Retrieved May 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Diesel affair: VW to pay one billion euro fine . In: Spiegel Online . June 13, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed May 7, 2019]).
- ↑ Diesel scandal: costs for VW rise to 28 billion euros. In: FAZ.net. Retrieved February 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Ullrich Fichtner, Simon Hage, Martin Hesse, Gerald Traufetter, Bernhard Zand: Engine damage . In: Der Spiegel . No. 44 , 2019, pp. 10–22 ( online - October 26, 2019 ).
- ↑ Forced laborers: “There is not much time left” . In: Der Spiegel . No. 32 , 1999 ( online ).
- ↑ VW makes higher profits . In: Die Welt , July 29, 2000.
- ↑ Memorial site of the forced labor on the premises of the Volkswagen factory In: memorialmuseums.org , accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ↑ new group structure , accessed on June 22, 2018
- ↑ Shareholdings of Volkswagen AG as of December 31, 2014 page 3. (PDF) (No longer available online.) May 22, 2015, archived from the original on May 18, 2015 ; accessed on May 22, 2015 .
- ↑ Emil Nefzger: Volkswagen subsidiary Moia starts in Hamburg. In: spiegel.de . April 13, 2019, accessed November 10, 2019 .
- ↑ MOIA wants to bring 500 electric shuttles to Hamburg. April 15, 2019, accessed April 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Moia will be back on August 21st. In: hannover.de. Accessed August 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Barbara Klössel-Luckhardt: Industrial trademarks in the Braunschweig region. In: Jörg Leuschner , Karl Heinrich Kaufhold , Claudia Märtl (Hrsg.): The economic and social history of the Braunschweigisches Land from the Middle Ages to the present. Volume 3: Modern Times. Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-487-13599-1 , p. 800, FN 2.
- ↑ Data and facts from the data and facts ( Memento from January 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 21, 2012.
- ↑ Article on the transfer of business to Porsche Holding Author: New tasks for Porsche Holding Salzburg. In: kurier.at. June 4, 2012, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Locations: Volkswagen Automobile VGRD In: vgrd-gruppe.de , accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Mahag dealership group is sold to Volkswagen - Politics. In: tz.de. November 10, 2009, accessed February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Seat.de - Overview of the branches SEAT branches in Germany - SEAT.de. In: seat.de. Retrieved February 17, 2015 .
- ↑ VW record: 7.8 million sausages , WAZ online, January 16, 2015
- ↑ Organs In: volkswagenag.com .
- ^ Organs of Volkswagen AG , accessed on June 4, 2017.
- ↑ Thorsten Hapke: Qatar helps VW supervisory board with the women's quota , ndr.de from May 10, 2016
- ↑ Volkswagen Global Performance In: focus2move.com .
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