Porsche 968

Porsche
Porsche 968
968
Production period:	1991-1995
Class :	Sports car
Body versions :	Kombicoupé , convertible
Engines:	Petrol engines : 3.0 liters (176-257 kW)
Length:	4320 mm
Width:	1735 mm
Height:	1235-1275 mm
Wheelbase :	2400 mm
Empty weight :	1200-1370 kg
Previous model	Porsche 944

The Porsche 968 is a sports car from Porsche AG . 11,241 vehicles were produced from 1991 to 1995 .

The car was the successor to the Porsche 944 and at the same time the final stage of development of the Porsche transaxle models with a four-cylinder in-line engine at the front and a manual or automatic transmission installed at the rear . The 968 was offered as a coupé and a convertible , while the sport versions CS, Turbo S and Turbo RS were only available as a coupé.

All vehicles have rear-wheel drive and 3 liter engines . The two top models Turbo S and Turbo RS are equipped with a turbo charger and intercooler .

For racing, Porsche offered the 968 Turbo RS, which could be used as a long-distance version according to the GT regulations or as a version for the German ADAC GT Cup.

General

At the end of the 1980s, Porsche found itself in an economic crisis. Fewer sports cars were sold worldwide, especially in the United States . As a relatively small sports car manufacturer, Porsche was particularly affected by this, as the Porsche 944, with its design that has remained almost unchanged since its introduction in 1981, aroused less and less interest from customers. The transaxle models 924 and 944, introduced in the mid-1970s , were the sports car manufacturer's economic basis with more than half of the sports cars sold until around the mid-1980s.

Porsche wanted to counter the further decline in sales with a new entry-level model, which differed in name from the 944 and was more closely integrated into the existing model range in terms of body shape. The new model was given the internal name Porsche 968, which later also became the official marketing name.

design

Front view of a Porsche 968 Coupé

To save development costs, Porsche built on the body of the 944 and mainly changed the front and rear of the car. From the side, the close relationship with the previous model with the almost unchanged proportions and window areas was clearly visible. In contrast, the extensive changes were evident in the front view. The pop-up headlights no longer had a cover, but were designed like the Porsche 928 and folded up to the front. The bow with the integrated bumper was also given a shape that was based heavily on that of the 928. From the front, the 968 and 928 looked very similar. The design of the front of the vehicle was also used in the design of the Porsche 993 two years later . In addition to the front, the rear has also been extensively revised. The tail lights were more rounded and colored completely red. Thanks to special optical inserts and color filters, the corresponding areas of the rear lights glowed orange or white when the lights were blinking and when reverse gear was engaged. The “Porsche” logo was embossed in the body between the rear lights and the 968 type designation was affixed above it in the middle . The rear apron blended smoothly into the body and concealed the bumper underneath.

Overall, the body had become significantly rounder and more aerodynamic compared to the 944 . The interior with the dashboard was not changed and largely corresponded to the 944 S2, which was last produced until 1991.

technology

The transaxle concept with the engine installed in the front and the gearbox on the driven rear axle was adopted from the 944.

Engine of a Porsche 968

Glance into the trunk of the 968

Porsche used the 3-liter in-line four-cylinder engine already used in the 944 S2. This received a slightly increased compression from 10.9: 1 to 11: 1, a lighter crankshaft , lighter steel connecting rods and pistons. The inlet valves have been enlarged and the cooling water channels in the cylinder head have been enlarged in order to achieve a better cooling effect. A revised intake manifold and a new camshaft adjustment ensured better cylinder filling . Thanks to this hydraulic “VarioCam”, which was first used and patented by Porsche, the 176 kW (240 hp) engine already had a steady torque curve at low speeds . With a maximum torque of 305 Nm at 4100 rpm, the 968 was equipped with the most powerful and largest four-cylinder engine in a production vehicle at the time. The exhaust system was adapted to the engine power and the pipe diameter was enlarged. In order to meet the exhaust gas regulations applicable at the time, particularly in the USA and Europe, all engine variants had a regulated metal catalytic converter in the exhaust system.

The 968 had a six-speed manual transmission with which the top speed was reached in sixth gear. The sports car was also available with a four-speed automatic transmission that was already used in the Porsche 964 . The special feature of this transmission, known by Porsche Tiptronic , were the two operating modes. In the first operating mode, the automatic transmission, as known from a standard automatic, worked completely automatically. In the second operating mode, the driver could select the "manual" mode by pressing the selector lever into a side shift gate. There it was possible to switch to the desired gear by pushing the selector lever forwards and backwards using control electronics. By evaluating engine control data as well as longitudinal and lateral acceleration data, the transmission electronics prevented unwanted upshifts in thrusts in bends.

For the higher engine output, the chassis of the 968 has been revised compared to that of the 944 S2 and made a little tighter. Internally ventilated brake disks and fixed brake calipers with four pistons each were mounted on the front and rear axles . All vehicles had ABS .

Exterior paintwork

Various paint finishes were offered for the Porsche 968. In addition to the surcharge-free standard plain paints, there were metallic and pearl effect paints, so-called special colors.

University:
black (1991–1995)	grandprix white (1991–1995)	Guards Red (1991–1995)	signal green (1991–1993)	maritime blue (1991–1993)	speed yellow (1993–1995)	riviera blue (1994–1995)	amaranth violet (1994-1995)
		star ruby (1992)	mint green (1992-1993)
Metallic and pearl effect:
black (1991–1995)	polar silver (1991–1995)	slate (1991–1995)	cobalt blue (1992-1993)	raspberry red (1992–1993)	iris blue (1994–1995)	oak green (1992–1993)	coral red (1992)
night blue (1991–1995)	lavender blue (1992–1993)	horizon blue (1992–1993)	violet blue (1993)	amethyst (1992–1993)	aventura green (1994–1995)	amazon green (1992–1993)	wimbledon green (1992–1993)

Model development

968 (1991-1995)

Rear view of a Porsche 968 Coupé

Rear view of a Porsche 968 convertible

The Porsche 968 came in 1991 as the successor to the Porsche 944, which had recently declined in sales. Porsche had high hopes for the new type, which was produced at the Porsche main plant in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen ; the predecessors 924 and 944 were made to order by Audi in Neckarsulm.

The new sports car had a modern aerodynamic body designed by Harm Lagaay , which was based on the 928 and thus optically integrated the vehicle into the Porsche design line. The car was offered as a coupé and a convertible right from the start.

The extensively further developed four-cylinder engine with a displacement of three liters from the 944 S2 was used in the vehicle. It developed a maximum of 176 kW (240 hp) at a speed of 6200 rpm and with a maximum torque of 305 Nm at 4100 rpm was the most powerful four-cylinder engine built in series at the time. With the standard six-speed manual transmission , the car reached a top speed of 252 km / h. It took the vehicle 6.5 seconds to accelerate from zero to 100 km / h. Optionally, the Tiptronic four-stage automatic could be ordered for an additional charge .

The car rolled off as standard on 16-inch wheels in the cup design with 205/55-ZR-16 on 7J × 16 rims at the front and 225/50-ZR-16 on 8J × 16 five-hole alloy wheels at the rear Production line. For a surcharge, the tires could be upgraded to the Carrera Cup combination 7.5J × 17 rims with 225/45-ZR-17 wide tires at the front and 9J × 17 rims with 255/40-ZR-17 wide tires at the rear.

The safety equipment corresponded to the then current status with an ABS brake system, internally ventilated brake discs on the front and rear wheels, three-point automatic seat belts and driver and front passenger airbags .

Porsche 968 Cabriolet with open convertible top and extended pop-up headlights (US version)

Buyers of a 968 received a very comfortably equipped 2 + 2-seater sports car with power steering and electrical operation of window regulators as well as the driver and front passenger exterior mirrors. The gear lever and handbrake handle were covered in leather; the steering wheel with airbag also had a leather cover matching the interior. The standard sports seats were electrically adjustable on request and could be ordered with leather covers. Different colors for the interior were available to the buyer. The dashboard was taken from the Porsche 944 S2 and was not changed except for the switches and control buttons. The instruments included (from left) cooling water temperature and fuel gauge, speedometer with trip meter, tachometer , oil pressure gauge and voltmeter . The controls for the ventilation and heating were located in the middle of the dashboard, and air conditioning was available on request . To the right of this were the digital temperature display, the cigarette lighter, the opening for the internal temperature sensor and a lockable storage compartment. In the center console there was a standard-compliant installation slot for the Symphony  RDS stereo cassette radio , which could optionally be expanded with a six-disc CD changer, including a storage compartment, the quartz clock with analog display and further switches for the optional seat heating and, in the convertible, the electrically operated one Fabric roof.

The Porsche 968 had a fairly high base price when it was launched in 1991. In the coupé version, the car cost 89,800  DM . The convertible was another 10,000 DM more expensive and thus cost almost 100,000 DM. When ordering additional equipment such as the Tiptronic, air conditioning, metallic paintwork or leather upholstery, the price of a coupé also rose slightly to over 100,000 DM.

Porsche 968 Cabriolet with the top closed

1992 In the 1993 model year, Porsche expanded the 968 model range to include the 968 CS. This sporty car had reduced standard equipment and was offered at more than DM 12,000 cheaper than the standard 968. As the basis for the ADAC GT series racing car 968 Turbo RS, Porsche developed a small series of the Turbo S, which was approved for use on public roads and should appeal to customers who are particularly enthusiastic about motorsport. The standard model was offered unchanged. Porsche only introduced water-based paints, CFC- free air conditioning systems and the recycling labels for plastic containers in order to meet the increased environmental protection requirements in automotive engineering.

In 1993, the 968 received a pollen filter as standard , which filtered the air fed into the passenger compartment via the heating and ventilation system and increased the air quality. Porsche responded to customer requests and put together equipment packages with special price advantages. With the seat package, the buyer got heated leather seats in the front. The sound package had an additional amplifier and, in the convertible version, closed loudspeaker boxes were installed in the rear. The special suspension package contained 17-inch wheels and an improved braking system with perforated brake discs.

In 1995, production of the Porsche 968 was discontinued after only four years because the car did not find enough buyers. The sales figures expected by Porsche were not achieved and could not bring in the development costs. In total, only 11,241 vehicles were produced; 3,959 of these were delivered as convertibles.

968 CS (1993-1995)

In order to increase the low sales figures for the 968, Porsche launched the cheaper and more simply equipped 968 CS in 1993. As with the 911 Carrera RS or the 911 Carrera RS America (both type 964) in the 911 series, several equipment features of the standard version were omitted from this model.

Front side view of a Porsche 968 CS

The CS (Clubsport), built exclusively as a coupé, cost DM 77,500 and was intended to appeal to sporty customers who placed less value on comfort than on performance. Many electrical consumers such as the electric window lifters, exterior mirror adjustment, trunk lid unlocking and seat adjustment have been eliminated in favor of manual operation. Furthermore, the automatic temperature control, the windscreen washer nozzle heating, the engine compartment and door knob lighting have been dispensed with. The loudspeaker system was reduced by the two rear loudspeakers. Only the Paris cassette radio with a two-channel output stage for the two front speakers was available.

As standard, the car received a sporty, leather-covered three-spoke steering wheel from ATIWE, which could be replaced by the standard steering wheel with airbag. Instead of the standard seats, the sports car had lightweight bucket seats, the backs of which were painted in the vehicle color. Alternatively, manually adjustable standard seats could be ordered instead of the bucket seats. By eliminating the rear seats, the vehicle became a pure two-seater. The CS had a luggage net to secure luggage. In the engine compartment, some plastic covers and insulating mats to reduce noise were omitted. The vehicle weight was reduced by more than 50 kg compared to the standard 968.

Rear side view of a Porsche 968 CS

The CS was lowered by 20 mm and received a tighter sports suspension. Instead of 16-inch tires, 7.5J × 17 rims with 225/45-ZR-17 wide tires at the front and 9J × 17 rims with 255/40-ZR-17 wide tires at the rear were installed in the cup version as standard. The wheels were painted the same color as the car. Only the exterior paint finishes Grand Prix White, Guards Red, Speed ​​Yellow, Black and Maritime Blue were available for the CS. In conjunction with a black exterior paintwork, the wheels were silver. With 176 kW (240 hp), the engine corresponded to that of the standard model and, with the six-speed manual transmission, which was only offered, enabled the same performance as the comfortable 968.

In 1994 there was the CS with more equipment options. Upon request, the two-seater could be expanded into a 2 + 2-seater with a rear bench seat, with the bucket seats being replaced by standard seats. As with the standard 968, the CS buyer could choose from various equipment packages. The sports package included stronger brakes with perforated brake discs, a stiffer chassis and a limited-slip differential . With the security package, the car was equipped with central locking, an alarm system and lockable wheel nuts. The comfort package included electrically adjustable exterior mirrors and power windows.

Porsche manufactured the 968 Sport especially for the British market , which was priced below the standard model, took over the chassis from the CS, but was better equipped than this.

968 Turbo S (1993)

The 968 Turbo S was the street-legal version of the Turbo RS developed for the ADAC GT Cup. The car cost around 175,000 DM (today's value: 131,064 euros) and, like the CS, was designed for sporty, ambitious drivers.

It had a 3-liter, four-cylinder in-line engine with a two-valve cylinder head instead of a four-valve cylinder head like the standard and CS models. A water-cooled KKK turbocharger, which generated a maximum boost pressure of 1.0 bar, and a charge air cooler increased output. The engine produced a maximum of 224 kW (305 hp) at a speed of 5400 rpm and had a maximum torque of 500 Nm at 3000 rpm. With a weight of around 70 kg less than the standard 968, the sports car accelerated from zero to 100 km / h in 5 seconds. The top speed was 280 km / h. In order to optimally transfer the engine power to the road, the car had a limited-slip differential and three-part Speedline wheels with 8J × 18 rims and 235/40-ZR-18 wide tires at the front as well as 10J × 18 rims and 265/35-ZR- 18 wide rear tires. Compared to the CS, the body was lowered by another 20 mm and equipped with a firmer chassis and a larger brake system with internally ventilated and perforated brake discs.

In order to reduce weight, the Turbo S, like the CS, was manufactured without comfort features such as power windows, central locking, rear seats and standard seats. Instead, Porsche built in bucket seats that could be replaced with standard seats on request. A further weight saving was achieved by dispensing with an underbody PVC coating.

Externally, the Turbo S differed from the CS in that it had a larger and individually adjustable rear spoiler and a plastic lip on the lower front edge, a larger air inlet opening in the front section and two additional NACA openings - for the purpose of better cooling air supply - on the bonnet.

Originally 50 to 100 copies of the Turbo S were planned in a small series. Since the 911 Carrera RS 3.8 (Type 964) produced at the same time found significantly more buyers, Porsche stopped production of the Turbo S after just 10 copies.

968 Turbo RS (1993)

Porsche 968 Turbo RS (2020)

In 1993, Porsche built a racing car for GT racing based on the Turbo S. The car called 968 Turbo RS was produced in two versions. In the long-distance racing version, the turbo-charged 3-liter engine developed a maximum of 257 kW (350 hp) at an engine speed of 6900 rpm. Compared to the Turbo S, the car had a lower weight of only 1200 kg. This was achieved by completely dispensing with interior fittings. In the 968 Turbo RS, apart from the dashboard and the door panels, there was only a bucket seat with a six-point racing belt, a welded roll cage and a fire extinguishing system prescribed in racing. Compared to the Turbo S, the racing car had a six-speed manual gearbox with a different ratio of fifth and sixth gears, a racing clutch and a racing chassis with harder brake pads, and rims measuring 10J × 18 at the front and 11J × 18 at the rear. The vehicle was allowed to compete internationally in races that were advertised according to the Le Mans GT regulations of the time. In 1994, for example, the Turbo RS was used by various private racing teams in the BPR (GT racing series, founded by Jürgen B arth, Patrick P eter and Stéphane R atel), also known as the Global Endurance GT Championship , and achieved a few top ten placings .

The second racing version of the Turbo RS was built according to the regulations of the German ADAC GT Cup. The engine of this version had a slightly lower output of 248 kW (337 hp) at 6900 rpm. Furthermore, the racing car received an additional weight of 150 kg in addition to the 1200 kg. Both changes compared to the long-distance racing version were necessary in order to maintain the prescribed power-to-weight ratio of 4 kg per hp. The racing cars built in this way were used in the ADAC GT Cup in 1993 and 1994, where they regularly placed among the top ten vehicles.

Only three vehicles of the Turbo RS were built, as most racing teams opted for the 911 Carrera RS 3.8 (Type 964) offered at the same time.

Technical specifications

The Porsche 968 was produced from 1991 to 1995 in the following versions:

Porsche 968:	968	968 CS	968 Turbo S.	968 Turbo RS
Engine:	4-cylinder in-line engine (four-stroke)		4-cylinder in-line engine with turbocharger and charge air cooler (four-stroke)
Displacement:	2990 cc
Bore × stroke:	104.0 x 88.0 mm
Power at 1 / min	176 kW (240 hp) at 6200		224 kW (305 hp) at 5400	257 kW (350 hp) at 6900
Max. Torque at 1 / min	305 Nm at 4100		500 Nm at 3000
Compression:	11.0: 1		8.0: 1	7.5: 1
Valve control:	16 valves twin overhead camshafts ( DOHC )		8 valves one overhead camshaft ( SOHC )
Cooling:	Water cooling
Transmission:	6-speed gearbox or 4-speed Tiptronic , rear-wheel drive	6-speed gearbox, rear-wheel drive Turbo S and Turbo RS: additional limited-slip differential
Brakes:	Disc brakes (internally ventilated), ABS
Front suspension:	individually on wishbones and struts, stabilizer
Rear suspension:	individually on trailing arm, stabilizer
Front suspension:	Coil springs
Rear suspension:	transverse torsion bar springs, telescopic shock absorbers
Body:	Self-supporting steel body
Track width front / rear:	1472/1450 mm		1522/1500 mm
Wheelbase :	2400 mm
Tires rim:	VA: 205/55 ZR16 on 7J × 16 HA: 225/50 ZR16 on 8J × 16	VA: 225/45 ZR17 on 7.5J × 17 HA: 255/40 ZR17 on 9J × 17	FA: 235/40 ZR18 on 8J / 18 RA: 265/35 ZR18 on 10J × 18	FA: 235/30 ZR18 on 10J × 18 RA: 305/650 ZR18 on 11J × 18
Dimensions L × W × H:	4320 × 1735 × 1275 mm	4320 × 1735 × 1250 mm		4320 × 1735 × 1235 mm
Empty weight :	1370 kg (Coupé) 1440 kg (Cabriolet)	1320 kg	1300 kg	1200 kg
Top speed:	252 km / h	252 km / h	280 km / h	290 km / h
Acceleration 0-100 km / h:	6.5 s (manual transmission) 7.9 s (Tiptronic)	6.5 s	5.0 s
Acceleration 0-200 km / h:	26.5 s (manual transmission)	26.5 s	17.2 s

For use in the German ADAC GT Cup, the 968 Turbo RS had a lower engine output of 248 kW (337 hp) and an unladen weight that was 150 kg higher.

Graphic representation of the 968 development

Porsche 968 vehicle history from 1992 to 1995
model	power	1990s
		0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9
968
968	176 kW / 240 PS
968 CS	176 kW / 240 PS
968 Turbo S.	224 kW / 305 PS
968 Turbo RS	267 kW / 350 PS
Color legend:
green	Production versions of the 968
blue	Motorsport versions of the 968

Quantities

The Porsche 968 was produced in the following numbers per model year.

Year of manufacture (model year)	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	Total model
968 coupe	6th	2480	1143	238	26th	3893
968 Coupé (USA, Canada)	4th	649	608	318	259	1838
968 Cabriolet	3	1306	571	68	1	1949
968 Cabriolet (USA, Canada)	2	667	354	681	306	2010
968 CS			796	464	278	1538
968 Turbo S.			10			10
968 Turbo RS			3			3
968 annual production	15th	5102	3485	1769	870	11241

Source: Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, p. 186 and p. 187

Existence in Germany

The stock of Porsche 968 is listed according to the manufacturer (HSN) and type code number (TSN) in Germany according to the Federal Motor Transport Authority . Until 2007, the inventory included the number of vehicles registered as well as the number of temporary shutdowns. Since 2008, the inventory has only included "flowing traffic" including the seasonal license plates.

HSN / TSN	model	kW	1.1.2005	1.1.2006	1.1.2008	1.1.2009	1.1.2010	1.1.2011	1.1.2012	1.1.2013	1.1.2014	1.1.2015	1.1.2016	1.1.2017
0583/428	968 coupe	176	1,401	1,358	1,053	1,051	1,059	1,025	1,050	1,065	1,074	1.104	1,121	1,146
0583/429	968 Cabriolet	176	696	670	544	521	530	532	546	561	565	580	588	605
source

Motorsport

The Porsche 968 Turbo RS was won by private racing teams in 1993 and 1994 in the German ADAC GT Cup, in the BPR (Global Endurance GT Championship) founded by Jürgen Barth , Patrick Peter and Stéphane Ratel in 1994 and in the 24-hour race of Le Mans in 1994 used. In the BPR the racing cars started in the GT3 class and in Le Mans in the group of LM GT2 vehicles.

In the ADAC GT Cup, the Joest team achieved fourth place in the Avus race in 1993 with the car as the best place. The Turbo RS was piloted by Manuel Reuter . In the BPR, the racing car was driven to sixth place and the best result in the racing series at the 4-hour race in Dijon in 1994. The Seikel Motorsport team fielded a 968 Turbo RS at the Le Mans 24-hour race, which was driven by John Nielsen , Thomas Bscher and Lindsay Owen-Jones . After 84 laps, the team had to end the race prematurely after an accident.

literature

• Jörg Austen: Porsche 924-944-968. The technical documentation of the transaxle models. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-613-02305-9 .
• Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The big book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-613-03241-5 .
• Lothar Boschen, Jürgen Barth: The great book of Porsche types. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-613-01284-7 .
• Stuart Gallagher: Fascination Porsche. Parragon Books Ltd, Bath, ISBN 1-40548-355-5 .
• Peter Morgan: The original: Porsche 924/944/968 . Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-555-7 .
• Jan-Henrik Muche: Porsche 924 and 944. With four cylinders to success. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2002, ISBN 3-89880-105-5 .
• Frank Pieper: Porsche 968. The compendium. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2008, ISBN 978-3-8370-1821-9 .
• Halwart Schrader: Porsche 924/944/968. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-613-02561-2 .

Web links

Commons : Porsche 968  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Porsche database

• Porsche 968 Turbo RS on Porsche.com

Club pages on the Internet

• Porsche Club 968 Germany eV

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 186 and p. 187.
2. ↑ Mot Magazin, Issue No. 15 from 1991, p. 22.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Auto, Motor und Sport Magazin, Issue No. 12 from 1991, p. 61.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Auto, Motor und Sport Magazin, Issue No. 16 from 1991, p. 23.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Auto, Motor und Sport Magazin, Issue No. 16 from 1991, p. 24.
6. ^ ^{A b c} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 166.
7. ↑ Auto, Motor und Sport Magazin, Issue No. 12 from 1991, p. 62.
8. ↑ ^{a b c d} Auto, Motor und Sport Magazin, Issue No. 16 from 1991, p. 25.
9. ^ ^{A b c d e} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 174.
10. ^ ^{A b} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 171.
11. ↑ ^{a b c d} Mot Magazin, Issue No. 15 from 1991, p. 20.
12. ↑ Mot Magazin, Issue No. 18 from 1991, p. 111.
13. ↑ Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 169.
14. ↑ ^{a b c d} 968CS.de - Internet site: Information on the Porsche 968 CS. At: www.968CS.de , accessed on October 6, 2012 . 
15. ↑ Porsche.com - website: paint colors - Porsche 968 (from 1991). From: files.porsche.com , accessed on November 16, 2019 . 
16. ↑ Mot Magazin, Issue No. 18 from 1991, p. 108.
17. ↑ ^{a b} Auto, Motor und Sport Magazin, issue No. 18 from 1991, p. 64.
18. ↑ MotorKlassik - website: Porsche 968 in the driving report - misunderstood size with massive torque. From: www.motor-klassik.de , March 19, 2012, accessed on October 6, 2012 . 
19. ↑ Mot Magazin, Issue No. 18 from 1991, p. 109.
20. ↑ ^{a b} Auto, Motor und Sport Magazin, issue No. 18 from 1991, p. 67.
21. ^ Auto, Motor und Sport Magazin, Issue No. 18 from 1991, p. 68.
22. ↑ Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 170.
23. ^ ^{A b c d} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 179.
24. ^ ^{A b c d} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 175.
25. ↑ Autobild Klassik - Internet site: Porsche 968 Tiptronic - Land of plenty. From: www.autobild.de , July 15, 2011, accessed October 6, 2012 . 
26. ^ ^{A b c d} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 176.
27. ^ ^{A b} Stuart Gallaher: Fascination Porsche. P. 109.
28. ↑ Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 177.
29. ↑ Stuart Gallaher: Fascination Porsche. P. 108.
30. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Christophorus Porsche Magazine, Issue No. 2 from 1993.
31. ↑ Stuart Gallaher: Fascination Porsche. P. 107.
32. ^ ^{A b c d} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 182.
33. ^ ^{A b c} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 183.
34. ^ ^{A b} Jürgen Barth, Gustav Büsing: The great book of the Porsche types. Mid and front engine models. P. 184.
35. ↑ Dr. Ing.hc F. Porsche AG: 1993 Porsche 968 Turbo RS. At: www.porsche.com/germany/ , accessed on October 9, 2012 . 
36. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2005 by manufacturer and type with selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, special issue 4 for series 2, January 1, 2005. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, May 2005, p. 77 , archived from the original on March 18, 2006 ; accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
37. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2006 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and displacement classes. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, special edition 4 for series 2, January 1, 2006. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, June 2006, p. 115 , archived from the original on October 9, 2006 ; accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
38. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2008 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and displacement classes. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2008. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, June 2008, p. 124 , accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
39. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2009 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2009. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2009, p. 133 , accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
40. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2010 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistical Communications of the Federal Motor Transport Authority FZ 2, January 1, 2010. Federal Motor Transport Authority, July 2010, p. 133 , accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
41. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2011 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2011. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2011, p. 140 , accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
42. ↑ The number of passenger cars on January 1, 2012 by manufacturer, trade name, selected features and cubic capacity. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2012. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2012, p. 145 , accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
43. ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2013 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2013. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2013, p. 105 , accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
44. ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2014 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2014. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2014, p. 108 , accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
45. ↑ Passenger car inventory on January 1, 2015 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2015. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, July 2015, p. 110 , accessed on October 27, 2015 . 
46. ↑ Number of passenger cars on January 1, 2016 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2016. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, August 2016, p. 115 , accessed on April 3, 2018 . 
47. ↑ Number of passenger cars on January 1, 2017 by manufacturer, trade name and selected features. (PDF) In: Statistische Mitteilungen des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt FZ 2, January 1, 2017. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, August 2017, p. 119 , accessed on April 3, 2018 . 
48. ↑ Racing Sports Cars - Internet site: Race results of the ADAC GT Cup 1993. At: www.racingsportscars.com , accessed on October 3, 2012 . 
49. ↑ Classicscars - Internet site: BRP (Global Endurance GT Championship) race results 1994. On: www.classicscars.com , accessed on October 3, 2012 . 
50. ^ Classicscars - Internet site: Le Mans race results 1994. At: www.classicscars.com , accessed on October 3, 2012 . 

This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on June 23, 2013 in this version .