Porsche 356

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Porsche
Porsche 356 2014-09-07 13-38-21.jpg
356
Production period: 1948-1965
Class : Sports car
Body versions : Coupé , roadster
Engines:
Petrol engines : 1.1–2.0 liters
(29–96 kW)
Length: 3950-4001 mm
Width: 1670 mm
Height: 1290-1330 mm
Wheelbase : 2100 mm
Empty weight : 680-1010 kg
Previous model Porsche 356 No. 1 Roadster
successor Porsche 901 , Porsche 911
1950s Porsche 356 "vor A" (chassis number 5047) from Gmünder production
A Porsche 356 Speedster GT at the vehicle presentation for the Gaisberg race
Several Porsche 356s in the car museum at the location of the former Porsche factory in Gmünd , in the foreground a Carrera 2 Coupé
1952 Porsche 356
Front, back, left and top views

The Porsche 356 is the first production model from Porsche . The type designation 356 for the sports car is the serial number of this Porsche construction. The engine has the construction number 369. The “birthday” of the Porsche 356 is July 7, 1948, when the first test report on a Porsche coupé appeared. Production of the 356 series ended in April 1965; 76,302 cars were built.

General

The first car to be called Porsche was the prototype 356/1 , a roadster with a mid-engine , about the creation of which Ferry Porsche said: “At first I looked around, but couldn't find the car I was dreaming of. So I decided to build it myself. ”The Porsche 356 went into series production with a modified frame and a rear engine. The first 50 cars with aluminum bodies were handcrafted in Gmünd in Carinthia , where Porsche had moved towards the end of the Second World War.

In 1950 Porsche moved back to Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen . Production began in the premises of the Reutter bodyworks, which had already received the order at the end of 1949 to manufacture 500 steel bodies. The design came from Erwin Komenda , who had already designed the body of the VW Beetle .

The first Porsche 356 contained many standard parts from VW, such as gearboxes, brakes, front and rear axle suspension and steering. From 1950 there were duplex brakes at the front .

During its production time, Porsche continued to improve the Type 356, but retained typical features such as the front crank arm axle , which was patented for Porsche and known from the VW Beetle, and the rear pendulum axle with torsion bar springs guided on longitudinal thrust struts . The engines were always based on the VW original, but were constantly being further developed.

At the same time, Ernst Fuhrmann designed the completely new 1.5-liter vertical shaft engine ( Fuhrmann engine ) with four overhead camshafts and an output in the Porsche 356 Carrera of initially 100 hp (74 kW) in 1953 , which is mainly used in the racing versions came and later produced up to 185 hp (136 kW) in the type 904 GTS with a displacement of 2 liters.

356 models

The Porsche 356 was produced in several model generations. All variants had a 4-cylinder rear engine and rear-wheel drive .

  • 1948–1955: 356 (original model)
    The first sports car developed and produced by Porsche, which was sold under the Porsche name. Right from the start of production, the car could be purchased as a coupé or convertible. The first Porsche 356 can be recognized by the two-part windshield made of tempered glass with a central bar (from model year 1952 one-piece window, but with a kink in the middle). The car had a full-length bench seat for the driver and front passenger as standard, and individual seats were available on request.
  • 1955–1959: 356 A
    The second model of the 356 (from autumn 1955), which was manufactured throughout the entire production period in three body variants (Coupé, Cabrio, Speedster / Convertible D) with five engine types. The now one-piece, curved windscreen and door panes made of hard glass (Sekurit) and the dashboard padded on the top were new.
    In addition, the 356 A was offered as a hardtop convertible (convertible body with a fixed, removable hardtop) from 1958.
  • 1959–1963: 356 B
    The Porsche 356 was extensively revised in this model variant, which made the car appear more modern and elegant. The headlights and bumpers were raised so that the car appeared friendlier. The steering wheel received a recessed hub, rotating windows improved the supply of fresh air and the rear window was kept fog-free by a heating nozzle.
  • 1963–1965: 356 C
    The 356 C largely corresponds to the last version of the 356 B. Externally, it differs from its predecessor only in the modified perforated disc wheels with new hubcaps (without Porsche crest), which were made necessary by disc brakes on all four wheels. At the same time as the 356 C and 356 SC, production of the Porsche 911 started . In 1965, the Porsche 912 (4-cylinder engine, 90 hp) replaced the 356 as the "entry-level model".

Porsche 356 (original model from 1948 to 1955)

Production versions of the first Porsche 356

The Porsche 356 was built from 1948 to 1955 as a coupé and cabriolet with four engine versions. The first mass-produced car left the factory in Stuttgart on Maundy Thursday , April 6, 1950. Noticeable features were, for example, the split windscreen or the permanently glazed rear window. These could be opened in later years of construction. There was a red tip on the radio antenna called a "red tipper". A Porsche crest was not found, at least in the 356s of the first years of construction, as it was only designed in 1952/53. So there was a Porsche at the bow and stern . The first vehicles had a white three-spoke steering wheel made of Bakelite from Petri with a horn ring, which was replaced in the 356 A by a version with two spokes. To the left of the steering wheel was the ignition lock, at that time still in connection with a start button. The fuel level could only be checked with a wooden stick with notches, which had to be held vertically in the fuel tank, as there was no fuel gauge. Nitro lacquer was used to paint the vehicles .

The price of the 356 was just under DM 10,000. The oldest still preserved has chassis number 5047.

Technical data - model year 1953

Porsche 356 Speedster (No. 254) on the Nürburgring, behind a Carrera 1600 GT
Porsche 356: 1100 1300 1500 1500 p
Engine:  4-cylinder boxer engine (four-stroke)
Displacement:  1086 cc 1286 cc 1488 cc 1488 cc
Bore × stroke:  73.5 × 64 mm 80 × 64 mm 80 × 74 mm 80 × 74 mm
Performance at 1 / min:  40 hp (29 kW)
at 4000		 44 hp (32 kW)
at 4000		 55 hp (40 kW)
at 4400		 70 hp (51 kW)
at 5000
Max. Torque at 1 / min:  70 Nm at 2800 81 Nm at 2500 106 Nm at 2800 108 Nm at 3600
Compression:  7.0: 1 6.5: 1 6.8: 1 8.2: 1
Valve control:  Bumpers and rocker arms (central camshaft)
Cooling:  Air cooling (fan)
Transmission:  4-speed gearbox with Porsche ring synchronization, stick shift
Front suspension:  Crank arm axle (VW)
Rear suspension:  Pendulum axle with longitudinal thrust struts
Suspension:  transverse torsion bars
Body:  Box frame made of sheet steel, firmly connected to the floor assembly
Track width front / rear:  1290/1250 mm
Wheelbase:  2100 mm
Length:  3950 mm
Empty weight:  Coupé 810 kg - Cabriolet 830 kg
Top speed:  140 km / h 145 km / h 155 km / h 170 km / h

In 1953 the 356 1300 S with 44 kW (60 hp) at 5500 rpm and a top speed of 160 km / h appeared; the production of the Type 1100 ended.

Sports versions

Porsche 356 America Roadster

In 1954 the Speedster was added to the range, initially only for export to the USA. The US importer Max Hoffmann initiated a low-cost entry-level model for the US market. Porsche then developed the Spartan Speedster, which was offered in 1954 for 2995 US dollars. It was an open sports car with a flat windshield and a fully retractable, lower hood than the convertible. The doors had no crank windows , but blind panes. Bucket seats added to the sporty note of the model, which was optionally available with the 1500 or 1500 S engine; the ex-works price was DM 12,200.

The predecessor of the Speedster was the American Roadster in 1952 . It was built at the suggestion of America in an edition of 15 pieces; one of these vehicles stayed in Germany. The handcrafted aluminum bodies of the America Roadster were made by Glasses-Karosserie GmbH in Ullersricht near Weiden in the Upper Palatinate , which until 1948 was one of the best-known bodywork companies based in Dresden . The roadster was 60 kg lighter than the coupé and reached a top speed of 175 km / h with the 70 hp engine.

A model

Production versions of the A-model

Interior view of a 356 A 1600 Speedster at the Retro Classics 2018

The Porsche 356 A was built from October 1955 to September 1959 as a Coupé, Cabriolet and Speedster or from 1958 as a Convertible D, and from 1958 as a “hardtop” with a non-removable roof. The Convertible D differs from the Speedster in that it has a higher windshield, a hood with a larger rear window, cranked windows and normally upholstered seats instead of the bucket seats. The "D" stands for the bodywork Drauz , Heilbronn, which supplied the body. A hardtop was available as an accessory for the Cabriolet and Speedster from 1957 . The 356 A was continuously developed during its production time. First of all, the steering dampers, which were new at the time, and greater caster on the front wheels improved the steering of the 356 A compared to the steering of its predecessor. Two spring bars, now consisting of eight spring leaves, softened the front suspension. Another improvement was the larger wheel brake cylinders. The 356 A was sold a total of 21,045 times at prices ranging from DM 11,400 to DM 15,750.

Technical data - model year 1958

Porsche 356 A 1600 Speedster
Porsche 356 A Convertible D 1600 S, built in 1958. The model was used in the film Always the Cyclists .
Porsche 356 A model 1958 convertible with hardtop
Porsche 356 A: 1600 1600 p 1600 GS Carrera
"de Luxe" 		1500 GS Carrera
"Gran Turismo"
Engine:  4-cylinder boxer engine (four-stroke)
Displacement:  1582 cc 1582 cc 1587 cc 1498 cc
Bore × stroke:  82.5 × 74 mm 82.5 × 74 mm 87.5 x 66 mm 85 × 66 mm
Power:  60 hp (44 kW)
at 4500		 75 hp (55 kW)
at 5000		 105 PS (77 kW)
at 6500		 110 hp (81 kW)
at 6400
Max. Torque at 1 / min:  110 Nm at 2800 117 Nm at 3700 121 Nm at 5000 124 Nm at 5200
Compression:  7.5: 1 8.5: 1 9: 1 9: 1
Valve control:  Bumpers and rocker arms
(central camshaft)		 4 overhead camshafts
(vertical shaft drive )
Cooling:  Air cooling (fan)
Transmission:  4-speed gearbox with Porsche ring synchronization, stick shift
Front suspension:  Crank arm axle (two longitudinal support levers on top of each other)
Rear suspension:  Pendulum axle with longitudinal thrust struts
Front suspension:  2 continuous square leaf spring bars on top of each other
Rear suspension:  1 round transverse torsion bar on each side
Body:  Box frame made of sheet steel, firmly connected to the floor assembly
Track width front / rear:  1306/1272 mm
Wheelbase:  2100 mm
Tires rim:  5.60 - 15 Sport 5.90 - 15.00 Supersport
Dimensions L × W × H:  3950 × 1670 × 1310 mm (convertible and hardtop 1290 mm)
Empty weight:  Coupé 885 kg - Cabriolet 905 kg - Convertible 855 kg
Top speed:  160 km / h 175 km / h approx. 200 km / h 198 km / h

At the beginning of the 356 A series there were five engine types in the range: 1300 with 44 HP, 1300 S with 60 HP, 1600 with 60 HP, 1600 S with 75 HP and 1500 GS “Carrera” with 100 HP. The crankcase, cylinder head and piston of all types were made of light metal.

Sports versions

Porsche 356 Carrera 1600 GT rear view

In 1955 the sports version of the 356 A, the "1500 GS" or Porsche Carrera with 100 hp (named after the long-distance race Carrera Panamericana ) appeared, which was supplemented or replaced in 1958 by two 1600 versions. With the 1959 model year, the “Carrera 1600 GT” with 115 hp replaced the “1500 GS Gran Turismo”.

The Carrera models were lighter than the other production Porsches due to the use of light metal hoods, bucket seats, etc. The “Carrera 1600 GT” can be recognized by the six additional air slots to the left and right of the engine air grille. For sports use, limited slip differential, sports exhaust, central locks for the wheels (Rudge hubs), intake air funnels instead of air filters and an electrically heated windscreen could be supplied.

1956 , 1957 and 1958 each won a "1500 GS Carrera" u. a. the Gran Turismo class up to 2 liters in the 1000 km race on the Nürburgring . Paul Ernst Straehle / Hans-Joachim Walter achieved an average of 118.61 km / h in 1958 and were thus faster than the winner in the over 2 liter class. In 1959, the same team won the class with the “Carrera 1600 GT”.

B model

Porsche 356 B Cabriolet, 1959/60

Production versions of the B model (1959 to 1963)

The Porsche 356 was produced from autumn 1959 to 1961 as a coupé, convertible / hardtop and roadster (the roadster as the successor to the Convertible D). From 1960 Karmann in Osnabrück also produced the “hardtop” with a permanently welded roof, which differed from the “classic” Porsche Coupé by a stepped roof line (almost like a notchback), narrow B-pillars and a large rear window, and the convertible hardtop resembled. Production of the roadster, which D'Ieteren last manufactured in Brussels, was discontinued in 1962.

The main difference between the 356 B and the A-model was that the headlights were placed higher up and the front fenders were therefore less rounded. The bumpers were also placed higher, which enabled air inlets for the new light metal drum brakes in the front apron. The Porsche crest was embossed on the hubcaps. The Super 90 and Carrera were given a compensating spring on the rear axle to reduce oversteer and counteract the rear breaking out when cornering quickly. It was a single leaf spring that supported itself in the middle against the differential and both ends of which were attached to the axle tubes via tie rods and rubber elements.

The following changes were made to the 356 B for model year 1962: engine cover with two air inlet grilles, front and trunk lid with an almost straight edge, tank filler neck outside under a flap on the right front fender, flatter tank in favor of a larger trunk.

Technical data - model year 1962

Porsche 356 B 1600 GS-GT (so-called triangular scraper)
Porsche Carrera GTL Abarth
Porsche 356 B Roadster S-90, built in 1961
Porsche 356 B: 1600 1600 p 1600 S-90 2000 GS
Engine:  4-cylinder boxer engine (four-stroke)
Displacement:  1582 cc 1582 cc 1582 cc 1966 cc
Bore × stroke:  82.5 × 74 mm 82.5 × 74 mm 82.5 × 74 mm 92 × 74 mm
Power:  60 hp (44 kW)
at 4500		 75 hp (55 kW)
at 5000		 90 hp (66 kW)
at 5500		 130 PS (96 kW)
at 6200
Max. Torque at 1 / min:  110 Nm at 2800 117 Nm at 3700 121 Nm at 4300 162 Nm at 4600
Compression:  7.5: 1 8.5: 1 9: 1 9.2: 1
Valve control:  Lifters, bumpers and rocker arms
(central camshaft)		 DOHC *
(vertical shafts)
Cooling:  Air cooling (fan)
Transmission:  4-speed gearbox with Porsche ring synchronization, stick shift
Front suspension:  Crank arm axle with stabilizer
Rear suspension:  Pendulum axle with longitudinal thrust struts
Front suspension:  2 continuous square torsion bar springs on top of each other
made of individual spring leaves
Rear suspension:  1 round transverse torsion bar on each side
Body:  Box frame made of sheet steel,
body firmly connected to floor assembly
Track width front / rear:  1306/1272 mm
Wheelbase:  2100 mm
Tires rim:  165 - 4.5 × 15 sports 165 - 4.5 × 15 (belt)
Dimensions L × W × H:  4010 × 1670 × 1330 mm (hardtop 1315 mm)
Empty weight:  Roadster: 870 kg, 900–935 kg 1010 kg
Top speed:  160 km / h 175 km / h 180 km / h 200 km / h
  • DOHC = double overhead camshaft; here: two overhead camshafts each (left and right)

Sport versions of the B model

356 1600 GS Carrera GT (Coupé):

  • 4-cylinder naturally aspirated engine (boxer), 1588 cm³, overhead camshafts with vertical shaft drive, 115 PS / 85 kW (up to model year 1961)

356 Carrera GTL-Abarth (Coupé):

  • 4-cylinder naturally aspirated engine (boxer), 1588 cm³, overhead camshafts with vertical shaft drive, 115 PS / 85 kW at 6500 rpm (1960 - 20 pieces)

In addition to the standard 115-hp engine with 82-phon exhaust, Porsche offered two performance-enhanced versions: 128 hp at 6700 rpm with a sports exhaust and 135 hp at 7400 rpm with the open-top Sebring racing exhaust .

The technology largely corresponded to the 356 B model series, but Franco Scaglione designed a more aerodynamic body for Abarth (Turin) , which Zagato made of aluminum. There was no luxurious interior, so that approx. 140 kg were saved compared to the 356 B for the road and approx. 20 kg compared to the Carrera GTL from Reutter. The equipment of the "Abarth" included: dry sump lubrication , 12-volt electrical network, battery double ignition, a four-speed gearbox that could optionally be supplied with changed ratios, limited-slip differential and 80-liter petrol tank; Extras were a sports exhaust, special air funnels, seat belts, roll bars and wheels with central locks.

The maximum speed with the 135 hp engine was just over 230 km / h, with the series engine around 210 km / h. In the most powerful version, the GTL Abarth accelerated to 100 km / h in 8.8 s and to 180 km / h in 26.5 s. With the first Abarth built, Herbert Linge / Hans-Joachim Walter won their class at the Le Mans 24-hour race in 1960 .

The basic model of the Carrera Abarth cost 25,000 DM.

356 2000 GS Carrera 2 (Coupé and Cabrio):

  • 4-cylinder naturally aspirated engine (Boxer), 1966 cm³, overhead camshafts with vertical shaft drive, 130 PS / 96 kW (from model year 1962)

The Carrera 2 is the top model of the 356 series and the first production Porsche with disc brakes. These brakes were Porsche's own construction, which differed from others in that the discs were encompassed from the inside. The outer edge was therefore attached to a star-shaped hub carrier.

In the version as a touring car with 130 hp (acceleration 0–100 km / h according to the factory specification in 8.9 s), the Carrera 2 Coupé cost 23,700 DM, the Cabriolet 24,850 DM.

The sports version 2000 GS-GT had doors and hood covers made of light metal, a wooden steering wheel, side and rear windows made of Plexiglas; Rear seats and bumper horns were missing (the bumpers are usually completely removed for circuit races). The engine output was increased to up to 155 hp (114 kW) at 6600 rpm; Compression ratio 9.8: 1. The GT has a 110 liter tank (otherwise 50 liters), which is filled from the outside through a filler neck in the front hood. Price of the car at the time: 26,700 DM

2000 GS-GT

A Porsche prototype with a 2-liter engine and a body specially developed for high-speed courses appeared for the 24-hour race at Le Mans in 1962 : the bow is pulled far down, the roof suddenly tears off, in contrast to the flowing course of the standard 356 tail. Because of the vehicle silhouette created in this way, the car is jokingly called the "triangular scraper".

In 1963 the Carrera 2 received this or a very similar body as a works car under the designation Porsche 2000 GS-GT. At the Targa Florio , Edgar Barth / Herbert Linge took third place in the overall classification with this type and came first among all Gran Turismo cars. In the 1000 km race of the same year on the Nürburgring, the 2000 GS-GT under Hans-Joachim Walter / Ben Pon / Herbert Linge / Edgar Barth came fourth in the overall standings and won the GT vehicles up to 2 liters.

In 1964, the private driver Günter Klass used a "triangular scraper" with a 1.6 liter engine for long distance races.

C model

Production versions of the C model (mid 1963 to April 1965)

Porsche 356 SC in the original delivery condition, on display in the Auto and Technology Museum in Sinsheim
A Porsche 356 C 2000 GS Carrera 2 Coupé at the Scarsdale Concurs 2006
Porsche 356 C.
The interior of a Porsche 356 C 1600 SC.
Janis Joplin's Porsche 356 C 1600 SC Cabriolet

From the outside, the Porsche 356 C can hardly be distinguished from the 356 B. The changed wheels with simpler hubcaps without Porsche emblem are striking. The change in the wheel disks is due to the fact that Porsche has now equipped all series vehicles with disc brakes (Ate brakes according to Dunlop license). The rear balancing spring was only supplied as an option. A limited slip differential was also available on request.

The choice of engines (including Carrera) was reduced to three, that is, the 60 hp version (also known as the “lady”) was omitted. The body variants offered were coupé and cabriolet.

Technical data - model year 1964

Porsche 356 C: 1600 C 1600 SC
Engine:  4-cylinder boxer engine (four-stroke)
Displacement:  1582 cc 1582 cc
Bore × stroke:  82.5 × 74 mm 82.5 × 74 mm
Power:  75 hp (55 kW)
at 5200		 95 hp (70 kW)
at 5800
Max. Torque at 1 / min:  123 Nm at 3600 124 Nm at 4200
Compression:  8.5: 1 9.5: 1
Valve control:  Bumpers and rocker arms
(central camshaft)
Cooling:  Air cooling (fan)
Transmission:  4-speed gearbox, stick shift
Front suspension:  Crank arm axle with stabilizer
Rear suspension:  Pendulum axle with longitudinal thrust struts
Front suspension:  2 continuous leaf spring bars
Rear suspension:  1 round torsion bar on each side
Body:  Box frame made of sheet steel,
body welded to floor pan
Track width front / rear:  1306/1272 mm
Wheelbase:  2100 mm
Tires rim:  5.60 - 15 Sport 165 - 15 (belt)
Dimensions L × W × H:  4010 × 1670 × 1315 mm
Empty weight:  935 kg
Top speed:  175 km / h 185 km / h

Sport versions of the C model

356 Carrera 2 (Coupé and Cabrio): The Carrera 2 continued to be built unchanged.

1600 CS For rally or racing use of the 1600 CS, Porsche offered a choice of 70 or 90 liter tanks, intake funnels instead of air filters, roll bars, underguards for the engine and transmission, rear windows made of Plexiglas, bucket seats and 15 inch wheels Light alloy and a compensating spring on the rear axle. The crankcase, cylinder and cylinder head are made of light metal.

Graphic representation of the 356 development

Porsche 356 road vehicle history from 1948 to 1965
model power 1940s 1950s 1960s
0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9
Master model
356 29 kW / 40 PS
356 1100 29 kW / 40 PS
356 1300 32 kW / 44 PS
356 1300 p 44 kW / 60 PS
356 1500 44 kW / 60 PS
356 1500 40 kW / 55 PS
356 America Roadster 51 kW / 70 PS
356 1500 p 51 kW / 70 PS
A model
356 1300 29 kW / 40 PS
356 1300 p 44 kW / 60 PS
356 1500 GS Carrera 74 kW / 100 PS
356 1500 GS Carrera de Luxe 74 kW / 100 PS
356 1500 GS Carrera GT 81 kW / 110 PS
356 1600 44 kW / 60 PS
356 1600 p 55 kW / 75 PS
356 1600 GS Carrera de Luxe 77 kW / 105 PS
356 1600 GS Carrera GT 85 kW / 115 PS
B model
356 1600 44 kW / 60 PS
356 super 75 55 kW / 75 PS
356 super 90 66 kW / 90 PS
356 1600 GS Carrera GT 85 kW / 115 PS
356 Carrera 2 96 kW / 130 PS
C model
356 1600 C 55 kW / 75 PS
356 1600 SC 70 kW / 95 PS
356 Carrera 2 96 kW / 130 PS
Color legend:
green Production versions of the 356
blue Sport / street versions of the 356

Stock with German registration on January 1, 2007

Type Duration
356 before A 12
356 before A 1300/1300 p 1
356 before A 1500/1500 p 8th
356 A 1300 5
356 A 1500 GS 7th
356 A 1600/1600 S / 1600 GS 94
356 B 1600/1600 S 407
356 C 1600 C 241
356 C 1600 SC 127
356 C 2000 GS 18th
total 920

Replicas

Replica of the 356 Speedster
356A replica also available as right-hand drive

Replicas of the Porsche 356 are made in different qualities and similarities, most of them with fiberglass body. The simpler replicas of some Brazilian manufacturers are known. From 1981 to 1994 the Belgian s.à.rl Application Polyester Armé de Liège and from 1998 to 2006 the German Apal GmbH in Ostercappeln built a copy under the name Apal Speedster .

The automobile manufacturer-Scheib produced the 356 B and produced a replica of the 356 A. replicar Hellas manufactures vehicles that are very close to the original in details and should have a higher production quality than the historical model. Both the replicas of Scheib and the replicar of Hellas have the four-cylinder boxer engine from VW from the beetle .

Thirteen 30 cm longer versions were designed by the Reimann brothers, students at the TU Dresden , and made from WWII scrap , wood and parts from VW and Porsche at the body shop Arno Lindner ( Mohorn ) from 1953 to 1959 .

literature

  • Richard von Frankenberg: The unusual history of the Porsche company. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1969.
  • Lothar Boschen, Jürgen Barth: The big book of Porsche types. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-613-01284-7 .
  • Technical details of the "Porsche" car. In: Automotive Technology . 5/1953, pp. 148-150 and 8/1953, p. 254.
  • Helmut F. Rebholz: Porsche 356 Club Deutschland e. V. 1975-2000. Munich 2000, ISBN 3-00-005681-5 .
  • Brochure W 21 / 57-9.58-III. Edition 1958 - Dr.-Ing. hc F. Porsche KG
  • Brochure W 22 1.60 5 M Gl.
  • Brochure W 22 20 M 10.61 Gl.
  • Brochure W 22 20 M 9.63 G
  • AUTO-CLASSIC No. 1: PORSCHE 356 - The most successful German sports car. ISBN 3-7909-0148-2 .
  • Achim Kubiak:

Web links

Commons : Porsche 356  - Collection of Images

vehicle

literature

Clubs

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lothar Boschen, Jürgen Barth: The great book of the Porsche types. 2nd Edition. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-613-01284-7 , p. 45.
  2. ↑ Where Porsche started , Rheinische Post June 2, 2018, p. E11
  3. ^ The "Gläserkarosserie GmbH" in Dresden and Radeberg was expropriated in 1948, later "VEB Karosseriewerke Dresden" (KWD) .
  4. ↑ Lothar Boschen, Jürgen Barth : The great book of Porsche types. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-613-01284-7
  5. ↑ Gerhard Mirsching: glasses convertibles - A piece of German automotive history. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-613-01193-X
  6. ↑ Brochure W 21 / 57-9.58-III and The big book of Porsche types
  7. ↑ In various sources 21 Carrera GTL-Abarth are mentioned. In fact, the car with the consecutive chassis number 1021 was not one of these sports cars. See: The 21st Porsche Carrera Abarth GTL that wasn't one . Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  8. ↑ Porsche Motorsport History ( Memento from February 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  9. ↑ Lothar Boschen, Jürgen Barth: The great book of the Porsche types. 2nd Edition. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-613-01284-7 , pp. 190, 223 and 233.
  10. ↑ christian1503.magix.net ( Memento from November 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ Alexander Diego Fritz: Lindner Coupé . DDR Porsche from Dresden. 1st edition. Hollinek Brothers, Purkersdorf 2016, ISBN 978-3-85119-367-1 (160 pages).