Zuffenhausen

Zuffenhausen; district of the state capital Stuttgart
List of districts of Stuttgart
Incorporation :	Zuffenhausen April 1, 1931 Zazenhausen May 1, 1933
Height :	252– 327 m above sea level NHN
Population density :	3,234 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	70435, 70437, 70439
Area code :	0711
Address of the ; district town hall:	Emil-Schuler-Platz 1 70435 Stuttgart
Website:	www.stuttgart.de
District Head:	Gerhard Hanus
Transport links
Federal road
Regional train	R 11
Train	S 4 S 5 S 6 S 60
Light rail	U 7 U 15
Source: Stuttgart data compass

48.8323 9.1685Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ' N , 9 ° 10' E

View of Zuffenhausen with the old Johanneskirche, from the forest inventory books of Andreas Kieser 1682. View from the west about halfway up Unterländer Straße. The hill on the left is now covered by the Rotweg settlement. On the right you can see the heights of the Burgholzhof and the Schoßbühl up to the Schnarrenberg. The valley in between is the Haldenrain. You can see the western and parts of the northeast boundary of the Etter with fence and hedge.

View from the southeast (gardens on the lower slope of the Burgholzhof) over the core area of today's city district of Zuffenhausen with the towers of the Pauluskirche (left) and the Johanneskirche in the "Alten Flecken" (right). In the background you can see the city park, which then merges further southwest into the hill of the Lemberges.

Zuffenhausen was incorporated into Stuttgart in 1931 and is the third largest of the outer city districts after Bad Cannstatt and Vaihingen . The area has been populated almost continuously in various places for about 7500 years because of the good soil there and the proximity to the water. The name is probably derived from a Uffo or Offo , an Alemannic settler from the 7th century. Zuffenhausen was in 1204 as a peasant village belonging to the monastery Bebenhausen first mentioned in 1907 and the parish of the applicable city . In addition to Zuffenhausen, the district now also includes the Neuwirtshaus settlement , the village of Zazenhausen and the Rot district, which was built after 1945 primarily for refugees and displaced persons from the east . Zuffenhausen is known internationally as the headquarters of the Porsche company .

Natural space and the environment

Geography, topography and geology

Geography and topography

Topographically, Zuffenhausen lies in the border area of two natural areas in a valley created by the Feuerbach at 255 meters (mill), which sinks further to Zazenhausen to 252 meters. The wide Gäuplatte of the Lange Feld with its flat waves extends to the north and northwest at a height of over 300 m (Neuwirtshaus 327 m), which defines the eastern part of the Strohgäu here . It is fertile farmland and largely tree-free. In the south lies the area of the Stuttgart mountains, in the east the Neckar valley and behind it the mountainous region of the Schurwald . In the Zuffenhausen area itself there are irregular climbs, of which the Burgholzhof is the highest at 359 meters.

This topographical situation was also of great importance in terms of traffic and settlement geography , because here, in the northern part of the Stuttgart Bay , an important north-south traffic axis ran over the 305 meter high Pragsattel , which is still the most important traffic junction in Stuttgart. The long-distance traffic route once led west past Zuffenhausen via Stammheim to the north, but close enough to keep Zuffenhausen in trouble throughout its history. On August 29, 1797, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe drove on this road on his third trip to Switzerland from Ludwigsburg “down to Zuffenhausen” and Stuttgart.

The layout of the settlements in the district was determined both by the quality of the soil and the proximity of the waters as well as by the possibility of building settlements in relatively flood-safe areas on the undulating land rising from the Feuerbach and its tributaries, without being too far from To remove water while at the same time being close to the large trade routes that pass here.

geology

The geology is determined by the character of a layered landscape in which a topographically diverse picture predominates and in which different rock layers emerge, just as they were deposited in the shallow tropical sea located here 240 to 145 million years ago. This applies in particular to the lowest layer of shell limestone , which is particularly evident here in quarries and which leads to numerous fossilizations . Above are Latvian and Gypsum Keuper , both of which show that the area was at sea level at the time. This is followed by reed sandstone , which comes from the delta of an old river system and is only preserved here on the higher areas of the Lembergs and Burgholzhof. Overlying layers are not to be expected in the Zuffenhausen area because of the low height and therefore only occur to a very limited extent due to local faults . Higher layers of the Keuper and parlor sandstone have been preserved. A large fault line runs right through Zuffenhausen , which was formed by plate tectonics around 65 million years ago during the formation of the Alps, the so-called Schwieberdinger-Zuffenhäuser-Cannstatter fault. It has a jump height of about 110 meters, and the mineral water in Cannstatt rises up on it. In Zuffenhausen, it led to the fact that, due to its irregular course, which was severely disturbed by burglaries, shell limestone or gypsum keuper alternately emerged in quarries at about the same height, and further west near Neuwirtshaus even pebble and parlor sandstone.

Landscape, flora and fauna, the environment

According to the troubled geological history with surface rocks of very different stability and solubility, the landscape forms are also quite diverse. By the effects of ice ages of the Pleistocene the Zuffenhäuser landscape finally took its final shape, and the emergence of regional loess mainly to the Gäuflächen created with brown and black soil prerequisite for later optimum agricultural use, because even in the early Neolithic with the line band ceramists used. However, due to the diverse landscape genesis with very different geological layers on the surface, several types of soil occur in the Zuffenhausen area, which are not all equally fertile and sometimes especially useful for pastures.

In the subsequent Holocene then developed from the glacial tundra a forest landscape , whose composition changed several times in the course of various climatic fluctuations of the last 10,000 years with the start of the agricultural use by all right represented at Zuffenhäuser district line Linear Pottery before the middle of the 6th millennium BC Because of the good loess soils, the forests were pushed back more and more and a cultural landscape was created early on through the mixed use of pasture and field farming, with hunting at most providing 10 percent of the meat. Back then the climate was 2 to 3 degrees warmer than it is today. One has to imagine those settlements as ever increasing settlement chambers in the closed forest that covered Central Europe at the time and was economically irreplaceable due to forest pastures , logging and collecting of fruits, since pastures and meadows did not yet exist in our current sense. However, especially in the loess plains, the forests were heavily thinned within decades through intensive use, and their composition also changed massively. Both elm and linden disappeared from the forests almost completely. Nevertheless, the settlements later lay like islands in a sea of forest.

Even well into modern times there were looser forests, for example at the Burgholzhof loose oak forests, which were used for pig farming and apparently existed until the 18th century, as indicated by former field names such as Wannenwald, Kögelwald and Lorcher Mönchswald. The Lemberg Forest, too, used to stretch further east than it does today and was a ducal hunting forest, which must have been so productive that it was worth building a hunting lodge on the Schlotwiese. Today, as evidenced by the Bebenhausen forest inventory records in the Middle Ages, there is actually only one larger contiguous forest area in Zuffenhausen, namely on the Lemberg, a ridge rising from east to west with the Feuerbach vineyards on the south side and the wooded north slope on the north Zuffenhausen side. These are the Zazenhäuser Müllerwald, the small and large quake houses forest and the quake houses Fuchswald, all former monastery forests, the Kornwestheimer Pfaffenwald and two former noble forests: the Stammheimer Kleinlemberg and the Edelmannswäldle. All of these parts of the forest cover an area of over 58 hectares , are also called Hofkammerwald after the former owner who took them over after secularization , and have been Stuttgart's municipal forest since 1968. The easternmost part is today's city park of Zuffenhausen with the field name Schelmenwasen, the northern part up to Neuwirtshaus is now called Schützenwiesenwald, also an old field name, the westernmost part towards Weilimdorf is now called Maierwald.

In the Holocene, today's streams and floodplains also emerged, which were always flooded due to the debris and fine material washed off the slopes after the Ice Age, and for example in the Feuerbach valley, on whose middle course the old village of Zuffenhausen was later and still lies ( today the so-called "old spots"), accumulated floodplain deposits up to 8 meters thick. The entire water network is oriented towards the Neckar, and several tributaries , which are now indolent , flow into the Feuerbach from the west, but hardly any from the east. The old town center lies on an area that is hardly affected by floods, as it rises to the west between the Schmerbach, which once flowed between Böhringer and Colmarer Strasse, and a creek that ran in the area of Hördtstrasse / Bönnigheimer and Beilsteiner Strasse. The water network has a different density depending on the rock subsoil, because Muschelkalk allows seepage through its numerous crevices, as in the Gäu, whereas the clay and marl layers of the Keuper hardly allow, so that superficial runoff predominates here.

Since the 19th century, humans have also increasingly changed the shape of the landscape, for example by building railway lines and roads, with excavated construction being used to fill in sinks and drain local ponds such as the Spitalwaldsee. Until well into modern times, the Zuffenhausen settlement was limited to the local valley basin of the Feuerbach. Due to the massive expansion of settlement beyond the Feuerbachtal, especially from the second half of the 19th century to the west, then after 1945 also to the east (Rotweg settlement), the landscape changed, not least due to the increasing soil sealing and encapsulation of most of them Streams on an unprecedented scale. The landscape underwent major changes again after the Second World War, when larger areas were filled in, especially the Gehrenäcker and the Flurs Grund with rubble and rubbish. There, over an old side valley of the Feuerbach, coming from Stammheimer Hummelgraben and once leading a small brook, a plateau has now arisen, on which the gradually expanded cemetery of Zuffenhausen extends. Several old quarries and clay pits, for example along the Feuerbach valley, were also filled in this way.

The flora and fauna are correspondingly diverse, albeit due to the pronounced settlement and soil sealing, in terms of wildlife, although the decline is rather limited due to the large home gardens and the forests in the west, at least for birds. In addition to the now only marginal arable land and now completely missing pastures, once a central economic factor of the village, from which the young town even got its coat of arms with the " Zuffenhäuser Shepherd " in 1907 , there are larger forest areas, meadows and Orchards and semi-arid lawns and, due to the numerous traffic systems, so-called ruderal areas . Some nature and landscape protection areas are designated, a biotope network has been created since 2003. The vineyards on the western slopes of the Burgholzhof, which today belongs to the Feuerbach district, are still in full operation between 1976 and 1979 after extensive vineyard reconciliation .

Environmental protection is a permanent problem, especially because of the heavy traffic load, as this is responsible for high emissions, especially of nitrogen oxides and fine dust . Forest damage was therefore also observed in the Zuffenhausen forest areas. Groundwater recharge has largely come to a standstill. The noise is due to the near highway 81 and the federal highways 10 , 27 and 27a , the S- and tram as well as by the district and with considerably leading IC main railway line and three branch lines with partly heavy freight traffic is the highest in Stuttgart. In the meantime, measures to improve this situation have been introduced through the renaturation of the Feuerbach, a biotope network and a green space plan .

The historical development of Zuffenhausen

Overview

Flint scrapers of the Moustérien of the Neanderthal culture, similar to those found on the Zuffenhauser site near the Hofacker brickworks together with mammoth bones, so probably an old slaughtering site (these specimens come from the Grotte du Noisetier in the French department of Hautes-Pyrénées )

The district of Zuffenhausen has been inhabited by people for at least seven thousand years, and their regular presence as hunters and gatherers can be proven for much longer, namely up to 40,000 years, which has probably been the area, which is very rich in game due to the numerous bodies of water, for at least over Roamed 35,000 years ago in the Upper Paleolithic , including probably Neanderthals , as relevant finds (tools, mammoth bones) show. However, numerous finds from adjacent areas, especially in Cannstatt ( travertine quarry ) and in the district of Ludwigsburg , show that relatives of Homo sapiens such as Homo erectus and the Neanderthals that emerged from it lived, collected and hunted here 300,000 years ago as contemporaries of Homo steinheimensis .

The place name documented in the Middle Ages as Ottenhusen or Offenhausen later became Zuffenhausen. Originally part of the Upper Office of Cannstatt , from 1718 to the Upper Office of Ludwigsburg , the village was elevated to a town in 1907 and incorporated into Stuttgart on March 31, 1931. An important milestone on the way to becoming an industrial city was the Zuffenhausen station , which was commissioned by the Württemberg State Railways on October 15, 1846 and was located on the Zentralbahn . In the time of the Industrial Revolution , the formerly purely village character of the place changed completely when it expanded enormously beyond the old village limits to the west beyond Ludwigsburger Straße and now shows a strictly checkerboard-like layout in the then new building areas, which now has no development Show more resemblance to the winding village structure, which followed the arch of the brook with Marbacher Straße, with right-angled alleys leading down to the brook and west up to today's Ludwigsburger Straße, which, however, only began with the construction of Ludwigsburg in the 18th century its current importance arose and was probably primarily a local path before.

When the city of Stuttgart was redistributed into city districts in 1956, Zuffenhausen was again completely restructured this time in terms of administration. This happened above all with the large-scale district of Rot , which was initially developed as the "Rotwegiedlung" from 1949 (a smaller northern development, the so-called "SS settlement", existed from 1938), the Neuwirtshaus district, which originally belonged to the Stammheim district, was created from 1933 and the Zazenhausen district, which was incorporated into Stuttgart on May 1, 1933, and which have now all been combined to form today's Zuffenhausen district .

In the course of the internal and administrative restructuring of the Stuttgart city districts on January 1, 2001, the city district of Zuffenhausen was then divided into the districts of Zuffenhausen-Am Stadtpark, Zuffenhausen-Elbelen, Zuffenhausen-Frauensteg, Zuffenhausen-Hohenstein, Zuffenhausen-Mitte, Zuffenhausen-Mönchsberg, Zuffenhausen- Schützenbühl and Zuffenhausen-Im Raiser split. Since then, the district town hall in Zuffenhausen has managed a total of eleven districts of the Zuffenhausen district.

Prehistory and early history

The prehistoric finds in today's Zuffenhausen district and in the areas and districts directly surrounding them such as Lemberg, Burgholzhof, Stammheim and Viesenhäuser Hof are among the oldest and most diverse in the entire urban area of Stuttgart. Especially in the Neolithic Age, the excellent soils here soon ensured lively and hardly interrupted settlement activity, which can paradigmatically apply to the whole of Stuttgart and is therefore presented in more detail and above all in relation to the larger-scale developments in the area in which it was integrated and is.

Palaeolithic and Mesolithic

Paleolithic (Palaeolithic): In the wider area around Zuffenhausen, especially on the heights of the Stuttgart valley and in the Neckar valley, numerous finds of rest areas show that the area was visited very early and frequently by people. The first evidence comes from the Middle Paleolithic and is around 300,000 years old. They were found in the travertine quarries in the Neckar Valley near Bad Cannstatt: tools and processed animal bones.

The first finds in the district of Zuffenhausen come from the Upper Palaeolithic . There are four in 1879 discovered scrapers from flint , which together with mammoth bones at the site of the old brick factory were rescued "Won Hofäcker". Whether they originate from the then dying Neanderthals or from anatomically modern humans ( Cro-Magnon humans ), who have long been present here , cannot be determined, especially since scrapers are mostly relatively unspecific for certain paleolithic cultural stages. At that time the area was a treeless ice age tundra , in which large herds of mammoths, horses and reindeer were roamed and hunted, whereby the richly structured area of Zuffenhausen and the surrounding area, with numerous bodies of water, offered hunters numerous hunting opportunities.

Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic): The people of the Mesolithic were initially still nomads. There are several storage areas of them in the Stuttgart area with small flint tools, the microliths characteristic of this era . Finds are for Zuffenhäuser district from this era for the neighboring, today formally Bad Cannstatt belonging Burgholzhof testified.

Neolithic

Early Neolithic ( band ceramics ): In the district of Zuffenhausen, settlement remains of farmers from the early Neolithic with their typical banded ceramics were found, especially in the northern and eastern areas. Such settlements were mainly formed on the southern edge of the Lange Feld , where there was cheap loess soil. Since the crop rotation was still not known for a long time, the settlements had to be relocated after the soil was exhausted ( shifting cultivation ), which would explain the many different settlement areas that were found, because even if agricultural change management was initially carried out, as with the band ceramics with their massive large buildings It can be safely assumed that at some point the distances to the fields were too great, because the fields, depleted after about three years, could only be used again after several decades (longhouses lasted about 30 to 50 years). The existence of such soil types suggests a warmer climate in the Holocene with the development of open forest steppes , which were particularly suitable for clearing and which can be found mainly in depressions. Graves with gifts from this period were also discovered as the typical stool graves in the Pliensäcker / Hohlgraben Gewann. One of these graves contained the oldest remains of a prepared food ever found (legumes, toasted bread, hazelnuts and linseed), which were intended as food for the journey to the hereafter and thus allow conclusions to be drawn about the religious ideas of the time, which probably already included an ancestor cult (cf. . Prehistoric Shamanism ). Were cultivated einkorn , emmer and naked wheat, but only after clearing the up close to reaching the settlements mixed oak forests, presumably by slash and burn . Sheep, goats and pigs were kept as pets. The houses were up to 40 meters long and appeared as individual farmsteads and grouped into villages. Several such settlements were found in the Zuffenhausen district, which originate from different phases of the early Neolithic, the largest in the area of the old and new Rotweg settlement, which produced a large number of individual finds of flint tools: blades, scrapers, axes, grinding and rubbing stones and ceramics. The large number of flint tools, especially blades, indicates that they were already handcrafted as they gradually became common in the Neolithic with its now complex techniques such as stone grinding and drilling, combination tools with microliths , etc. Such finds scatter over the entire area of Zuffenhausen between Neuwirtshaus, Friedrichswahl, Zazenhausen and Rot on this side and on the other side of the Feuerbach valley. It is not surprising that the old town center of Zuffenhausen in the valley of the Feuerbach was rather avoided back then, because since it was around two degrees warmer and much more humid than today, the floodplains are likely to be marshy and unsuitable for the large 20–40 meters long, up to 60 people and the cattle housing longhouses of the band ceramists. The remains of the settlement, in which the longhouses usually appear in groups of around ten, can therefore be found in somewhat higher elevations on the loess plains preferred by the band ceramists, such as at the Viesenhäuser Hof with stable floors suitable for the heavy longhouses. About 200 ceramic tombs from the 6th millennium BC were found there. A total of about 4000 traces of settlement from almost all prehistoric periods have been found there, up to the late Hallstatt period with houses that already had cellar pits, so that this place must have been a preferred place to stay. There were also similar continuous settlement areas in the Zuffenhausen district with comparably good conditions (soil, water), as findings suggest. In addition, the proximity to the forest was particularly important economically. Other, in some cases, abundant sites with litter finds included the corridors of Schertlinsäcker and Gehrenäcker (Knechtsche Ziegelei), Bubenhalde / Nonnenäcker and Neuwirtshaus / Spitalwald.

Middle Neolithic : At the end of the 6th millennium BC, the decorative pattern of the clay vessels changed, and with stone axes the blade for the wooden handle began to be pierced and no longer tied and / or clamped to the shaft as with the previous axes. stick . The dead were no longer buried crouching, but lying down. The Middle Stone Age cultures now present in southern Germany, which are so differentiated from the band ceramics, are the Hinkelstein group , the Großgartacher and the Planig-Friedberg group as well as the Rössen culture . These cultures have left little traces on the area around Zuffenhausen; however, a settlement of the Großgartacher culture was found in close proximity in the area of the "Viesenhäuser Hof" belonging to Mühlhausen.

Young Neolithic : With the Schwieberdinger Group , which developed as a local ceramic style in the middle of the 5th millennium, the Young Neolithic began in southwest Germany. It goes over to the Schussenried culture .

In the district of Zuffenhausen there is an 8-meter-long building in the Salzweg area as a relevant site of the Schwieberdinger group. Copper processing occurs here for the first time. There are several sites for the Schussenried culture, mainly with ceramics (Sauhalde, Schoßbühl and, with very extensive finds, the Burgholzhof). The somewhat earlier Rössen culture , however, has left fewer traces here.

Late and Final Neolithic : This to be applied in the middle of the fourth millennium, as Goldberg III group designated and Ötzi particularly became known period which already began copper technology is also represented only slightly on the Zuffenhäuser district, as well as the mainly Upper Swabia concentrated Horgen culture with the earliest bike finds. The bell beaker culture , which can be observed from the middle of the 4th millennium and which was already on the edge of the Early Bronze Age , has left numerous traces on the Zuffenhausen district, especially its typical ceramics. It was widespread throughout the entire metropolitan area, and flat stool graves with additions were found in the Heinrizau corridor, including jewelry, also near Kornwestheim . Even string ceramics were found on the Zuffenhäuser district.

Central European Bronze Age
late bronze age
Ha B2 / 3	0950–800 0BC Chr.
Ha B1	1050-950 0BC Chr.
Ha A2	1100-1050 BC Chr.
Ha A1	1200-1100 BC Chr.
Bz D	1300-1200 BC Chr.
middle bronze age
Bz C2	1400-1300 BC Chr.
Bz C1	1500-1400 BC Chr.
Bz B	1600-1500 BC Chr.
early bronze age
Bz A2	2000–1600 BC Chr.
Bz A1	2200-2000 BC Chr.

Bronze age

There are hardly any traces of the Bronze Age burial mounds in the Zuffenhausen district and its immediate surroundings , the well-known burial mounds are from the Iron Age and date from the Hallstatt period . One site is in the Weilimdorf area, another near Ludwigsburg, although it should be noted that smaller burial mounds were mostly destroyed by cultivation of the fields.

The urn field culture , on the other hand, has been documented with several finds and settlement sites, for example at Hohlgraben, on Friedrichshaller Strasse, in Neuwirtshaus and, last but not least, at Viesenhäuser Hof. In addition to ceramics, bronze objects such as fibulae and rainbow bowls were found .

Pre-Roman Iron Age

In the Zuffenhausen district, the grave mounds in the “Schelmenwasen” area, the city park of Zuffenhausen, and at the “Siegelberg” are among the most striking prehistoric monuments. Six such hills have been identified so far. They are between 0.3 and 2 meters high and have a diameter of 15 to 33 meters. No larger finds were made after the burial mounds were opened, only bones and a few individual pieces. Nine other burial mounds can be found just outside the boundary of the Withau forest. Relationships may exist here with the late Hallstatt settlement areas of “Stammheim Süd”, where pit houses, garbage pits and storage cellars have been found. There are also such grave finds in red, with a bronze foot ring, and in the Neuwirtshaus area. On Lemberg , which belongs to Feuerbach , an early to mid-Hallstatt fortification was found with several ramparts, which at times enclosed an area of over 6000 square meters.

La Tène period : In Zuffenhausen, several traces of the La Tène period were found, such as two Celtic coins, as the Celts had started to mint coins based on the Roman model. In addition to litter finds, there are remains of settlements and graves in various places (Elbelen / Wollinstrasse, Nonnenäcker, Hummelbrunnental, Rotweg). Some finds from the later Latène with the typical pottery of that period come from the area of the cemetery and the neighboring Gehrenäcker.

Roman times

Roman expansion in southwest Germany between 50 BC And 160 AD

Scheme of a Roman villa rustica . Half a dozen were found in the Zuffenhausen area and adjacent areas. The manors could be structurally much more extensive and cultivate an area of 100 to 300 hectares.

The then relatively sparsely populated area north of the Danube and east of the Rhine - the geographer Claudius Ptolemaios called it the Helvetian wasteland - came under Roman administration towards the end of the first century AD, and was gradually replaced by border forts and civil settlements built in their vicinity occupied and secured by the Rhaetian Limes . In this province for superior Germania belonging Dekumatland with Mainz as the central management and seat of the governor, a Roman developed provincial culture that is now increasingly on record. One of the most important Roman forts was to 85/90 n. Chr. On the so-called. Altenburg formed, later to 150 n. Chr. To Welzheim moved Reiterkastell from Cannstatt for 500 riders that about 20 towers and an area of 37,400 square meters belonged to the largest beyond the Alps. Numerous remnants of Roman manors ( villa rustica ) still bear witness to the civilian settlements , which, however, primarily served the supply of the military and were therefore mostly managed by former soldiers, especially officers. In Baden-Württemberg alone, more than a thousand of these large farms have been found, especially many in the Neckar area between Cannstatt, Zuffenhausen, Ludwigsburg and as far as Heilbronn. The Romans introduced fruit growing, viticulture and horticulture; this is how the cultural landscape of the Roman era emerged. Certain typical pottery ( terra sigillata ) was produced in factories, the country covered with a road network . All in all, the Roman sites in the Stuttgart city area are extremely numerous.

In the Zuffenhausen area there are numerous of these cultural artefacts, for example along the Feuerbach valley in a flood-proof and mostly south or south-east oriented location several manors that used the land intensively (e.g. Siemensstrasse / Mea bridge, Espach cemetery / corridor, northern Zazenhausen , north and east of Stammheim) and also built poorer soils, since the military's need for food was enormous and required an extensive road network. One of the most important south-west German Roman roads , marked by milestones, connected Mainz ( Mogontiacum ) and the Rhine Valley via Vaihingen an der Enz and Schwieberdingen with Cannstatt and from there continued on the Alb to Heidenheim an der Brenz . Its straight course is now identical to Schwieberdinger Straße. In earlier times there was a horse changing station on the old Roman and Heerstrasse in the area of today's Neuwirtshaussiedlung. Numerous coin finds with portraits of several emperors from the 1st to the beginning of the 4th century, from Augustus and Hadrian to Constantius Chlorus and Constantine, are scattered across the entire Zuffenhausen area . (Because of their precise, coins are based on the reigns of the emperors depicted Dating is particularly important archaeologically.)

From the 3rd century onwards the Germanic tribes and especially that of the Alamanni from 232/233, but especially during the Alamann Wars from 353 to 378, came along with a slow decline of the Roman central power, which gradually led to retreat the Romans led behind the Danube line with the abandonment of the Dekumatland. The Germanic group, now definitely called the Alamanni, settled in the area instead and developed their own rulership districts and forms.

Alamanni and Merovingians - the village of Zuffenhausen is born

Model of an Alemannic hamlet with individual courtyards ( pit and post houses ) of various family associations, as also existed in Zuffenhausen.

The end of the Roman era marked a marked turning point, above all due to the fact that the historical phase attested to by written sources gradually fell back into a prehistoric culture that could only be clarified archaeologically, especially in the following period of migration .

In the so-called "expansion phase" of the 7th century , in which Christianity also spread under strong Frankish-Merovingian influence and a church organization emerged, there was then significant population growth. During this phase, places were usually created on -hausen and -hofen (especially in the north of Zuffenhausen, Zazenhausen, Mühlhausen, Viesenhausen, Hofen). Place names with the ending -hausen are often characterized by a settler name such as probably in Zuffenhausen and also in Zazenhausen or a specific place characteristic (for example in Mühlhausen), whereby the "Z" in Zuffenhausen probably comes from a dative "zu". However, the derivation of a name Uffo or Offo is not certain, since around 1150 there was also a mention as "Offenhausen". The settlement landscape in Baden-Württemberg is therefore largely Alamannic, as the current place names show.

At that time, the Zuffenhausen district covered approx. 10 square kilometers and was determined by landmarks, such as old Roman roads, burial mounds, the Lemberg and the Burgholzhof. The Zuffenhausen settlement itself probably existed as early as 600 AD. At first there were probably two settlements, one in the “Hohenstein” corridor on the old Römerstrasse, today's Schwieberdinger Strasse, where the large row graveyard was located, and a second in the old town center von Zuffenhausen, where an old Alemannic grave with rich gifts was found. The addition custom disappeared after Christianization and is therefore a sign of older age. This settlement was probably built to protect an old, pre-Roman east-west path that crossed the Feuerbach. At the time of Christianization in the 7th century, both settlements were probably merged, and the village, which would then be called Zuffenhausen for the next fourteen hundred years until today, was finally created.

middle Ages

For Zuffenhausen, too, the Middle Ages, apart from its later phase, was a period in terms of power politics and socio-economics as a whole, in which it was again and again within the framework of the then prevailing up to around the 11th century and slowly dissolving in the following centuries Fronhof system came to the changes in ownership and sovereignty described below, which at times show a network of intersecting influences, interests and rights that was quite typical for the Middle Ages, in which there was often hardly any clear distinction between church and civil law, which is also a typical feature of the European Middle Ages with its dominance and competition between the church and the feudalist nobility and later Württemberg and imperial claims to power.

May 25, 1317: The Counts of Vaihingen waive their rights and claims to the goods that the hospital in Esslingen sold to Maulbronn Monastery , one of the not uncommon deeds of assignment in the High Middle Ages, as also existed for Zuffenhausen. Baden-Württemberg State Archive.

The Bebenhausen monastery near Tübingen with a place that had long rights in Zuffenhausen in the Middle Ages.

The Stuttgart monastery, here a view of the Schillerplatz around 1840 with the monastery church and fruit box, also had extensive rights in Zuffenhausen.

Archaeological beginning: The actual, but only archaeologically determinable beginning of the settlement of Zuffenhausen is, as described above, in the Alemanni and Merovingian times in the 6th / 7th. Century. Archaeologically striking is a transition in burial customs, because after Christianization the dead were now buried without gifts and at the church. This was established at the latest around 800 in the Carolingian period , from which presumably also the St. John's Church, consecrated to St. Hippolytus , originates. In church terms, the Zuffenhäuser belonged to the Martinskirche in Kornwestheim , a Merovingian foundation after 500. Martin von Tours was then the saint of the Franconian mission and colonization, to whom numerous churches in the old settlements were dedicated.

The further historical development of the village can best be read from the development of the church patronage, i.e. the relationship of a congregation to a patron who takes on special responsibility for a church, be it in the form of a regular contribution or in the form of a Construction duty and general protection. These were usually noble landlords, monasteries or other churches.

Historical beginning: The “official” and at the same time historically fixable beginning of the Middle Ages for Zuffenhausen can be set with the first mention of the place name around 1150 in the Hirsau Codex , in which a Rickowo von Offenhusen and a Gotebertus von Offenhusen are mentioned, both in connection with one Donation for the Hirsau Monastery . As the old names of Botnang ( Botenanc ), Feuerbach ( Biberbach ) and Kornwestheim ( Westheim ) are mentioned in both entries, Offenhusen is likely to have been Zuffenhausen. However, the village of Zazenhausen, which today belongs to Zuffenhausen, was mentioned as Zazenhusen in the Lorsch Codex on December 26, 788 , as well as in two further donations 788 and 789 to the Lorsch monastery .

The development of the ecclesiastical patronage relationships in the high and late Middle Ages becomes clear from 1295 when a Friedrich von Urbach , whose family the patronage apparently came to by inheritance, appears as a church lord in a document and in 1299 the patronage with the permission of his liege , Count Konrad von Vaihingen , given to Count Eberhard I of Württemberg . The then St. Hippolytus Zuffenhäuser church consecrated must now become self-employed, because the Kornwestheimer mother church in 1276 by the local Patron (as "St. John's Church" it appears only at the beginning of the 20th century) Konrad von Kirchheim the Bebenhausen monastery had been suitable. However, the count seems to have passed the patronage on to the Bebenhausen monastery as soon as possible, because in the first now precisely dated document from March 18, 1204, in which "Offenhusen" is mentioned, Pope Innocent III confirms. the rights of the monastery , founded 20 years earlier by Count Palatine Rudolf von Tübingen, first as a Premonstratensian monastery , then as a Cistercian abbey and mentions, among other things, Zuffenhausen as a quake house property and one of the nine grangs of the monastery, as well as a document from Pope Gregory IX. from 1229 and a document from Count Palatine Wilhelm von Tübingen from 1244. The parish of Zuffenhausen then remained tied to the Bebenhausen monastery for a long time, and the monastery increased its holdings in Zuffenhausen considerably in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries Donations and purchases from the Hirsau Monastery, which was in need.

However, the development of the patronage relationships developed independently of this, because in 1324 a Konrad von Gundelfingen appears as patronage after Count Eberhard I had given him these rights, and the Gundelfinger immediately fought with the Bebenhausen monastery over rights to the hay tenth, the income the vineyards as well as the property rights to a farm and all sorts of other things that, as impoverished knights, they would not want to do without. From 1366 to 1373, a descendant of this clan sold his share of the patronage step by step to the monastery in Stuttgart. The ownership structure became extremely complicated as a result, because in addition to the monastery, there were still rights of the Bebenhausen monastery and the Esslinger Katharinenspital, which in the meantime had also acquired some ownership rights in 1277, so that three church institutions were now fighting over the tithe , which was a further complication came that the Counts of Württemberg continued to have properties in Zuffenhausen. The complicated, in some cases still unraveled, property relationships within and outside the church are made clear in a document from 1417 in which a financial dispute over the relatively wealthy parish of Zuffenhausen is settled. From an administrative point of view, the Zuffenhausen parish has belonged to the diocese of Constance since 1275 , in whose tithe register it is mentioned for the first time that year, although the rights of the church lords constantly crossed those of the diocese.

All of these legal processes are documented and are therefore important sources of the medieval history of Zuffenhausen and its relative complexity, which mainly relates to proprietary and property law processes, although the individual processes are not entirely clear, such as the patronage of Count Eberhard I. . from Württemberg to the Count Palatine Rudolf von Tübingen. Dynastic relationships or political events could have played a role here. How and when what belonged to whom and what rights he had in the congregation and church remains vague at times.

Early modern times: Reformation up to the Thirty Years War

Map of the events of the German Peasant War in southern Germany 1523–1525.

Duke Ulrich von Württemberg, who implemented the Reformation there.

Peasants' War: At the beginning of the then rather stormy development that characterizes the period of the Reformation in the 16th and first half of the 17th century, the unrest of 1514 in Württemberg, known as " Poor Konrad ", was against the economic Judged coercive measures of Duke Ulrich , who had ruled since 1503 . No participation is known from Zuffenhausen, but it can be assumed. In 1519 the duke was expelled by the Swabian Federation . The restoration of Catholicism that followed, mainly carried out by the new sovereign, Archduke Ferdinand von Habsburg , in accordance with the Edict of Worms of 1521, once again led to serious unrest in which Zuffenhausen was likely to have been involved. The farmers in Württemberg, however, resisted and this peasant uprising, known today as the Peasants' War , only ended with the defeat of the peasants in the Battle of Böblingen in 1525. According to the accounts of the captains of the peasant army, Zuffenhausen peasants were probably also involved in the fighting.

Beginning of the Reformation in Zuffenhausen: The stop of the 95 Theses in Wittenberg by Martin Luther was done in 1517, but church is even for 1520 in the Zuffenhäuser fair proved. An existing mass foundation dedicated to the salvation of the deceased underlines that Catholic ideas still predominated here, because Luther had rejected such foundations a few years earlier.

Archduke Ferdinand, who had become King of Bohemia, Hungary and Roman King from 1526 to 1531 and thus the designated successor of Charles V as Emperor, implemented a modern administration in Württemberg, which also created new stock books, in which the Cannstatt office was also used Zuffenhausen's ownership structure is listed with the Duke as the personal overlord of Zuffenhausen, in all respects. A fiefdom also belonged to this supremacy, the Palmers Güttlin . The largest landlord, however, remained the Bebenhausen monastery.

In 1534, however, with the help of the allied Landgrave Philip of Hesse , an important supporter of the Reformation, the expelled Duke Ulrich succeeded in recapturing Württemberg from the Habsburgs and then having it transferred again as a fief from Ferdinand with the right to introduce the Reformation in the state. This happened with the help of two Protestant theologians, Erhard Schnepf , who was responsible for Zuffenhausen, and Ambrosius Blarer . An essential point of this reform was the replacement of the mass by the preaching service. The often valuable equipment, vestments, etc. required up to now had to be delivered to the ducal mint . This is attested for July 27, 1535 for Zuffenhausen, which belongs to the Cannstatt Office. Reform visitations of the parish had probably already preceded, another, lasting several months, took place in 1541, and it served above all the economic reorganization of the parish, which among other things also resulted in a reduction to just one parish instead of several mass priests and the reorganization or reorganization. in the case of Zuffenhausen, the benefice was dissolved.

Further course of the Reformation:

The tension between Emperor Charles V and the Protestant princes, who had been united in the Schmalkaldic League since 1530 , erupted in the Schmalkaldic War in 1546/47 . The emperor won and took the two leaders prisoner. He intended to use this situation to regulate the religious situation in his favor and in 1548 issued the Augsburg Interim at the Augsburg Reichstag , which, however, was only implemented hesitantly by Duke Ulrich in Württemberg. Pastors who refused to accept had to be dismissed. It is now known from the Zuffenhausen pastor Klemmerspecht that he accepted the interim, which was easy for him because he had already been pastor of Zuffenhausen before the Reformation.

In an uprising, however, the princes finally succeeded in achieving equality between the Catholic and Protestant faiths in the Augsburg religious peace of 1555, and Ulrich's successor, Duke Christoph , ordered the abolition of the mass in Württemberg in 1552. The conditions in Zuffenhausen are, however, an exceptional case, because in hardly any other pastoral office in the country are all these historical processes with their back and forth between Protestantism and Catholicism as well documented as here, where all vicissitudes of religious history are represented by a single person. Pastor Klemmerspecht, already mentioned, who, by the way, only succeeded in 1552 after considerable efforts, including visitors and material concessions, to have him replaced by a younger man, Samuel Halbmayer. The salaries of the pastors in Zuffenhausen have been documented since 1559 by precise reports in the so-called “competence book”. At the same time there was a kind of census within the church, which resulted in 400 communicants in Zuffenhausen, i.e. residents over 14 years of age who were admitted to the Lord's Supper.

The Bebenhausen monastery was also affected by the Reformation and the back and forth that accompanied it in the early phase and, after the 20 monks who remained Catholic had first moved out and then moved back in, became a monastery school from 1560 under the direction of the Protestant abbot Eberhard Bidembach remodeled, next to which the monastery remained for a while. However, the monastery remained the largest landowner in Zuffenhausen until 1806, when church property passed into state ownership in the course of secularization. The same applies to the Stuttgart monastery and the Lorch monastery with their property in Zuffenhausen. The Katharinenspital in Esslingen, however, as another Zuffenhausen owner, was not affected and remained unaffected by the Reformation.

Zuffenhausen until the Thirty Years War :

After Duke Ulrich's death in 1550, his successor, Duke Christoph, further consolidated Protestantism in Württemberg and, from 1553, finally became master of the still existing clerical lords and thus also of the Great and Small Tithes in Zuffenhausen, whereby the income was compared with the clerical ones Rulers like Bebenhausen or the pen divided according to a relatively complicated mode. Occasionally there was also a dispute, for example about the small coal mine that insisted on the Zuffenhausen district, with whose coal a lime kiln was heated. The authoritative spiritual institution for Zuffenhausen, however, was the Canons' Monastery in Stuttgart. During this period, Zuffenhausen also received a school, which from 1559 also had a paid schoolmaster: Jörg Rörlin, who now officiated in the recently built schoolhouse, initially taught five boys (girls were not allowed to school) and the office of sacristan provided. In this period before the beginning of the Thirty Years War, a strong improvement in economic and social conditions can be observed not only in Zuffenhausen.

From duchy to kingdom

The Thirty Years 'War: The outbreak of the Thirty Years' War in 1618 was followed by a great plague epidemic in 1626, which wiped out around half of the Zuffenhausen residents. Soldiers passing through and billeting were now the order of the day. In 1629 Wallenstein's troops with 18,000 men also marched through the administrative district of Cannstatt, to which Zuffenhausen belonged. After the defeat of the Swedish troops of Gustav Adolf in 1634 in the Battle of Nördlingen , the worst years of the war followed with numerous marches and pillages. Since the Swedes had meanwhile occupied the Hohenasperg fortress as a base against the imperial troops, the localities in the vicinity were at the focus of the war for a year, and on September 9, 1634, most of Zuffenhausen, including the church and rectory, burned down, just like on 21. a part of Stammheim and before and after a number of other places in the area. In the Cannstatter Amt, however, next to the burned down Cannstatter suburb of Zuffenhausen and Untertürkheim were most affected. The inhabitants fled into the woods or behind the safe walls of Cannstatt. The Cannstatter Totenbuch provides information on numerous deaths of Zuffenhausen citizens in this context. In 1634/35 a new plague epidemic raged, killing two thirds of the population of Zuffenhausen. The serf register of the Bebenhausen monastery from 1641 shows comparable losses in Zuffenhausen. The damage from the disaster years between 1634 and 1638 amounted to 10.5 million guilders for the Cannstatt Office alone , today around 420 million euros, the highest damage in the whole of the Duchy. The town and office of Cannstatt had clearly been the focus of the fighting. By the end of the war, additional contributions of 350,000 guilders were made (approx. 14 million euros).

It was not until 1639 that the community in Zuffenhausen found its way back to normal, albeit under severely restricted conditions because of the destroyed buildings and documents. From this time there is a moving report by Pastor Spilbiller about the past, which he put in front of the new church book of 1640 and which speaks of the “wretched condition” and “inexpressible misery” that the war for Zuffenhausen, “before the Time a beautiful and rich spot ”, brought with it. According to the church records, however, the number of residents increased only slowly between 1641 and 1651. From 1643, troops again marched through the Zuffenhausen area several times, especially the Franco-Swedish army, and almost all of the Zuffenhäuser fled again behind the walls of Cannstatt.

“The armored rider”, etching by Hans Ulrich Franck 1643. It shows how much this war was fought on the backs of the peasant population (German National Museum Nuremberg).

The consequences of the war:

The Duchy of Württemberg was one of the regions of Germany hardest hit by the Thirty Years' War, and the reconstruction of the largely destroyed country was initially slow, because the population was also decimated by the plague and war, and some villages were deserted. Large agricultural areas were accordingly deserted and many buildings destroyed. The financial strength of the once flourishing economy was weakened for years, and many places were over-indebted. At the same time, because of the desertification, the wolf plague also increased in summer.

According to a list by the Cannstatt Office from 1655, the figures for Zuffenhausen compared to those from 1629/34 looked like this:

As of 1629/34

Citizens: 109, buildings: 160, fields: 1291, vineyards: 172, meadows, grass and herb gardens: 106.

As of 1655

Citizens: 41, buildings: 75, fields: 800, vineyards: 60, meadows, grass and herb gardens: 106.

Almost two thirds of the citizens in Zuffenhausen were lost, almost half of the buildings were destroyed and many of the buildings that had not been destroyed were abandoned. Between 1621 and 1641, the population even fell from 514 to 98 to a fifth. Even in 1651 only 183 people lived in the burned down village again. The population vacuum after the war was filled up mainly by foreigners, especially Protestant Swiss who came here, but they did not get citizenship immediately and had to pay protection and umbrella money until they finally settled. The status of serfdom was often so unclear due to the destruction of documents that entire localities were provisionally declared serfs and many residents of Zuffenhausen then had to pay the main right due for their deceased relatives when a serf died, since they could have been serfs.

New wars by the end of the century:

25 years after the end of the Thirty Years War, there was peace and the country was slowly recovering. During the Imperial War against France between 1673 and 1679, however, French troops repeatedly invaded Württemberg, and billeting took place in Cannstatt. From 1688 to 1697 there were new burdens during the War of the Palatinate Succession . Troop marches had to be endured, which were usually associated with the confiscation of food etc., so that according to contemporary reports, the residents were “completely ruined and therefore have to beg”, as Pastor Schlotterbeck noted in his baptismal register. The negative climax was in 1693, when the news that the French had again crossed the Rhine caused general panic, as the French looting of previous years was all too well remembered. Many people fled to the east and came to Zuffenhausen, and as the French troops approached, the inhabitants also fled here. The church registers provide information about the consequences, because the population of Zuffenhausen decreased sharply between 1692 and 1695, while the number of deaths rose from 11 (1692) to 84 (1694). The most common causes of death were infections and starvation, especially since the French had completely confiscated or burned the harvested grain in 1693. The financial damage to the Cannstatt office, where the French had lived for three months, amounted to 386,000 guilders (approx. 16 million euros) in 1693, while the damage to Zuffenhausen was the fifth highest (Fellbach and Cannstatt) at 23,770 guilders (approx. 1 million euros) had almost five times as much). 20 buildings in Zuffenhausen were destroyed. However, the war lasted until 1697 and repeatedly entailed billeting, etc., the number of citizens fell again by more than half to 37, 200 acres of land were fallow, 15 houses were empty, and an absolute low was reached in Zuffenhausen.

This naive painting from 1748 by J. G. Käser from Vilshofen an der Donau shows scenes from the War of the Austrian Succession, here between Deggendorf and Vilshofen 1741–1745. It shows how the soldiers plundered the peasants and "lived from the land".

The 18th and 19th centuries up to the Kingdom of 1806: Military: In the 18th century, the warlike events continued. First there was the War of the Spanish Succession between 1701 and 1713/14 , and Württemberg was in its focus. Again there were marches and occupations mainly by French troops, of which the church records in Zuffenhausen also bear witness. Zuffenhausen suffered massively from looting. The Polish War of Succession between 1733 and 1735/38, however, had no major effects here. It was not until the War of the Austrian Succession that foreign troops came to Württemberg again, and fighting broke out in the area between Zuffenhausen and Cannstatt.

In the Seven Years' War between 1757 and 1763, Zuffenhausen felt the effects again, although Württemberg was not directly involved, but made massive military provisions through its own troops. The upheavals of the French Revolution in 1789 were followed with aversion by Duke Karl Eugen in Württemberg, in contrast to the population. In 1792, however, starving and undisciplined counterrevolutionary French troops under the leadership of Prince Condé invaded Württemberg and severely harassed the residents, who became impoverished and, as a result of a cold spell, suffered from famine. In 1793 the Holy Roman Empire declared war on France. In 1796 the French invaded Württemberg again and forced an armistice, which, after peace negotiations, finally culminated in the Peace of Lunéville in 1801 . The supply situation had deteriorated, however, and the French had also looted Zuffenhausen before Austrian troops moved there. Napoleon's troops, who invaded in 1805, were more disciplined, but also lived out of the country.

Politically: Duke Eberhard Ludwig , who ruled from 1677 to 1693, began building the Ludwigsburg Palace in 1704 , which was followed by the planned expansion of the city of Ludwigsburg in 1718 . When Ludwigsburg was made a town in 1718, it was given its own office, which, despite protests in Cannstatt because of the tax loss, was added to Zuffenhausen, Stammheim, Kornwestheim and Zazenhausen along with other places. In 1739 Zuffenhausen came back to the office in Cannstatt and again in 1762 back to Ludwigsburg. On the Schlotwiese at the edge of the forest, a small ducal hunting lodge was built from 1715 to 1720 to meet the ducal hunting needs, a real baroque complex that was also used by Duke Karl Eugen and also served as a residence for the nobles of the court, who also lived in the Zuffenhausen church records are attested. In 1806 a large boiler hunt was held there in honor of Emperor Napoleon , who was then in Ludwigsburg. The hope that the population had placed in the revolution until then, however, vanished completely at the latest when it became clear that Napoleon viewed the country merely as a deployment area and founded satellite states that were subject to tribute to him, whereby he gave the princes plenty of crowns, whereby a royal crown also fell off for the Duke of Württemberg.

From the Kingdom of 1806 to the founding of the Empire in 1871

In 1806, Frederick II , who had ruled as Duke since 1797, was raised to King of Württemberg by Napoleon and ruled as Frederick I until 1816. During the very long reign of his successor King Wilhelm I of Württemberg from 1816 to 1864, the cornerstone of the development of Zuffenhausen was to the industrial city, not least because of the connection to the new railway from 1846, which moved industrial companies to Zuffenhausen. In addition to a massive administrative reform decreed by the king in 1822, the financial effects of which were initially blocked by the noble lords between 1817 and 1836, but at least provided for local self-government, it came from 1836 and above all from 1848/49 under the influence of the revolution also to further reforms in the economic and social area, for example in the course of the peasant liberation with the abolition of tithe, compulsory service and serfdom (in Württemberg not until 1817), in the course of which the manorial taxes in kind to the House of Württemberg were converted to a modern, tax-defined basis . On the other hand, the court camera office , the royal finance and asset management, its obligations to build and maintain the rectory and to pay the pastor and teacher replaced. Such replacements , which dissolved the manorial structure of property and taxation relationships that had existed since the Middle Ages, now became more and more common, for example for the beden , the large and small tithe, personnel obligations such as labor or serfdom and other real burdens . Due to the enormous fragmentation of the property situation in Zuffenhausen, which had become worse and worse over the centuries due to the real division customary in Württemberg , there were considerable differences between owners in the course of the replacement processes when it came to the distribution of the so-called land power, i.e. the from the Zelge , in the three fields each cultivated field, to be paid with fruit interest . These reforms did not meet with approval from the farmers everywhere, as they meant considerable burdens, often stretching over decades, sums that were around 10 to 16 times the annual yield and also had to be paid interest at 4 percent.

The dissolution of the rump parliament on June 18, 1849 in Stuttgart by Württemberg troops. The remnants of the Frankfurt Paulskirche parliament had fled here (book illustration from 1893).

The events of 1848 in France were preceded by the July Revolution of 1830 and the February Revolution of 1848 , both of which ended the political calm in Germany and led to several attempts at overthrowing. The conservative government struggled though, but increasingly unsuccessful, although under the aegis of Metternich incurred in 1819 restrictive Carlsbad resolutions had not initially missed their enhanced by massive repression of state power efficiency with measures to monitor and combat liberal and national tendencies in post-Napoleonic Germany. In the medium and, above all, in the longer term, however, it could not be prevented that a political awareness began to spread in the German population and that conflicts increased, resulting in an ever-increasing dissatisfaction, especially among the middle and upper middle class, who now began to demand participation rights and their rights Representatives like Karl Marx , Ferdinand Lassalle , Friedrich Engels and Wilhelm Liebknecht were also responsible for the later activation of the workers. The Göttingen Seven , among them the Brothers Grimm , were not the only ones who came under fire from the authorities and were severely sanctioned by them. Even after the failure of the Paulskirche parliament, Stuttgart became the center of the German democracy movement for a short time, as the 103 MPs (of 568) who had been expelled from Frankfurt had fled here and continued to meet here from June 6, 1849 until they, among them Ludwig Uhland and Albert Schott, as well as the President of Parliament Wilhelm Loewe , were also dispersed here by the military on June 18, events that were commented on with anger and sadness by the liberal press across the country. The revolution of 1848, while unsuccessful, was not a complete failure, and some achievements have been preserved at the national level. Austria returned to absolutism in 1851 , but the revolution in Switzerland had been successful and Prussia became a constitutional state with a constitution that lasted until 1918. But the peasant liberation lasted everywhere.

The trigger for the liberal revolution of 1848/49 , which claimed between 2,000 and 3,000 deaths across Germany, was a severe economic crisis in the agricultural sector in the wake of crop failures in 1846 and 1847, which was exacerbated by the fact that the population grew in comparison to had almost doubled in the previous century and therefore many more craftsmen were trained than were actually needed. In May 1847 there were hunger riots in Stuttgart, Ulm and Tübingen, which were violently suppressed. The peasant unrest also left its mark on Zuffenhausen, and above all the tensions between the impoverished population and a small layer of rich citizens, who increasingly dominated the municipal council and thus gained advantages, erupted, even if not violently in Zuffenhausen as elsewhere that it remained a kind of grassroots revolution, which aimed above all at eliminating such grievances. However, in Zuffenhausen, too, three municipal councilors elected for life resigned, whether voluntarily or, more likely, under pressure from the population remains unclear. Overall, the council in Zuffenhausen was also heavily criticized. In the press of that time it was generally complained for the whole country that the composition of the councils discriminated against the poor and favored the rich, for example in terms of the so-called community advantages such as the use of the community forest and the corresponding citizen tax. This can also be proven for Zuffenhausen, where, as elsewhere, a real patriciate had developed, because the most common names of the municipal councilors were Pfisterer, Siegel and Sigloch, and the Schäfer family provided the mayors for almost 80 years. In Wuerttemberg, after the establishment of a March Ministry , the revolution largely took place in government-controlled channels. In Baden, however, it was much more restless with the Hecker train . The institutional, social, economic and infrastructural changes in this phase become so complex that they have to be presented in detail in the special chapters below .

Overview: From the founding of the Reich to the end of the Nazi dictatorship

For Zuffenhausen this was a particularly eventful time, which not only included the elevation to the city and the abandonment of this status through incorporation within 24 years, but was also characterized by developments and changes that took place in rapid succession, which finally made the village a populous industrial location and made a traffic junction with all the structural and social disadvantages that such an all too fast, but generally typical development for that time brings. However, many of the basic lines of this development had already been drawn before this period. This applies above all to the connection to the railway network that took place in 1846, which not only significantly promoted the economic success of Zuffenhausen, but also, in 1900, 1918 and 1933 in particular, led to several industrial areas along the railway line due to the continuously improved logistical infrastructure so that the railway, industry and structural changes, including the rapidly increasing number of inhabitants, result in a mutually influencing socio-economic and historical-dynamic complex in terms of local history in the period to be presented , which also reflects the political and social structure of the place, which has so far mainly been characterized by rural traditions massive influx of numerous workers for the factories completely transformed and also led to the emergence of a broad medium-sized trade with modern production and sales methods - but also to the establishment of left workers' traditions, which are increasingly becoming political There was expression, for example Clara Zetkin, who lives in Stuttgart, and other greats of the left-wing parties came to Zuffenhausen, most recently Otto Wels in 1931.

German Empire 1871–1918

Anti-Semitism in the German Empire, monthly supplement of the anti-Semitic weekly magazine "Die Wucherpille", title page No. 15 of March 29, 1884

This phase began with the establishment of the German Empire . The imperial proclamation was held in the Hall of Mirrors of the Versailles Palace in order to further humiliate the French, who had finally lost the Franco-Prussian War in the battle of Sedan the year before , but had at the same time provided the Germans with the founding myth of the Empire, which is now annually was celebrated everywhere with Sedan Day on September 2nd. This phase had its climax for Zuffenhausen with the elevation to the city in 1907 by King Wilhelm II and it ended in 1918 with the defeat in the First World War in 1918, the overthrow of the Empire and the proclamation of the republic by Scheidemann, in Württemberg with the abdication of the very popular King Wilhelm II, who was fondly remembered by the Zuffenhaeuser because he and his wife Queen Charlotte honored the inauguration of the Pauluskirche with their presence and also given in to the request of the Zuffenhäuser to elevate their village to the city with the remark : "Do dene hold the trap". Historically, the German Empire, in which Germany in the acute and final phase of the industrial revolution, especially under Kaiser Wilhelm II. Finally changed from an agricultural to an industrial state, lasted just 47 years. Three emperors ruled: Wilhelm I , Friedrich III. (only three months) and Wilhelm II. Politics was initially shaped by Otto von Bismarck . Central political events with relevance also for the municipal level in Zuffenhausen, for example, were the Kulturkampf , the great economic crisis of 1873 with the stock market crash in Berlin, the ban on the Socialist Party in 1878, the introduction of health and accident insurance in 1883/84 as well as old-age and Invalidity insurance 1889, the beginning of motorization through the inventions of Nikolaus Otto , Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz . Politically and culturally, the period was marked by excessive nationalism , increasing anti-Semitism , militarism , colonialism with military campaigns in China , Morocco and South West Africa , post-Napoleonic hostility to the French, hereditary enmity , and a wave of new technical inventions and scientific discoveries as well as artistic innovations. At the same time, socialism rose more and more internationally as a labor movement ( Second International ) and triggered increasing fears in the Wilhelmine bourgeoisie in general, to which strikes as a new weapon made a significant contribution. The departure of Bismarck in 1890 is also considered to be the beginning of the age of German imperialism with the central figure of Kaiser Wilhelm II, a development that ultimately led to the catastrophe of World War I due to the collapse of the European alliance systems. All of this went hand in hand with massive construction activity and belief in technology, which also made Zuffenhausen from a village into a city that was expanding rapidly towards the train station, and with modern facilities such as gas, running water and sewage treatment, electricity, modern schools, a pharmacy, a weekly market and a pronounced one Provided for clubs. For example, a youth group of the “Free Youth Organization Stuttgart” was established in Zuffenhausen, which held its first congress here in 1906. However, the outbreak of war in the summer of 1914 immediately set the young city back, especially in terms of its economic development, without the possibility of making up for what it had missed. Zuffenhausen was also a garrison town until 1919 . There was a massive lack of space for military purposes, and later also of food, raw materials and electricity. The industry switched to war and armaments production, field hospitals were set up. Additional troops were quartered in schools and inns. In 1916 there was the first air-raid alarm and a German plane crashed over Stammheimer Strasse. French prisoners of war were used as workers during the war. In 1918 after the war ended, a workers 'and soldiers' council was formed temporarily in Zuffenhausen and until the garrison was dissolved in March 1919 .

Weimar Republic 1918–1933

Pastor's household book, September to December 1923, during the final phase of hyperinflation . The Rentenmark was introduced as an accounting unit in mid-November. It had a parity of 1: 1 trillion Reichsmarks ; that was about a quarter of a US dollar (1: 4.2).

The 15 years of the Weimar Republic between 1918 and 1933 with the incorporation of Zuffenhausen into Stuttgart in 1931 were a phase of extreme instability, especially after the Treaty of Versailles , with coup attempts from the left ( councils ) and right ( Kapp , Hitler ), hyperinflation , the global economic crisis and reparations , Corruption of the young democracy and emergency decrees of the Reich President , especially by Paul von Hindenburg . Above all, the last third of the world economic crisis in 1928 was characterized by massive impoverishment of the broadest sections of the population with mass unemployment, which was exacerbated by Heinrich Brüning's austerity policy and which washed the NSDAP from its political insignificance to the top of the party landscape.

In Zuffenhausen, too, a workers 'and soldiers' council was formed shortly after the end of the war, which was supposed to function as a “control body”. However, since the garrison was disbanded in 1919, it was short-lived. In the 1920s, however, the city had massive financial problems, because after the inflationary period the tax revenue was nowhere near enough to cope with all of the city's tasks. There were alternatives to merge with the neighboring Feuerbach to form a Stuttgart satellite town or to strive for incorporation into Stuttgart. Initially, the first variant seems to have been preferred from 1921 onwards. After the failure of this plan and the sale of the Burgholzhof grounds to Stuttgart as a parade ground in 1927, however, the second solution gained in importance. The incorporation negotiations began in 1929 and were concluded with a positive vote by the Stuttgart City Council (33 against 21 votes) and a referendum in the same year (95.4 percent for incorporation). In 1930 the state parliament passed the incorporation law, and incorporation was completed on March 31, 1931. Despite all the other reasons that were named as the cause (industrial advantages, "sense of home", administrative simplification), ultimately only financial considerations were decisive. In the Stuttgart municipal council election, which was carried out shortly after the incorporation, the NSDAP, which was strengthened after the economic crisis, soon became apparent successful, even if Karl Lautenschlager had previously won the mayor election against the NSDAP candidate and later NS mayor Karl Strölin with 69.5 against 15.5 percent (Zuffenhausen 81.2 against 7.8 percent). The local events in 1931 and 1932 in Zuffenhausen were now heavily overlaid by the higher-level political events and therefore hardly appear in the local press, but the Zuffenhäuser seem to have assessed the incorporation further positively. However, the negative effects of the general political weather situation also seemed to have had an impact on the positive mood in Zuffenhausen. The political disputes of the last years of the Weimar Republic were determined, especially in Zuffenhausen, by the murder of the communist worker Hermann Weishaupt during an NSDAP event in 1930. The very low sentence of two years for the murderer (he was even acquitted after 1933) caused great unrest, which in 1932 in particular was also shaped by the SA and its troops. In the 1932 presidential election, Hindenburg in Zuffenhausen received 69 percent, Hitler 20 percent, Ernst Thälmann 10.9 percent. The difference to the Reich result was striking with Hitler (36.8 percent). The state elections shortly afterwards showed that Zuffenhausen was a right-wing left-wing district, which in Zuffenhausen resulted in 33.4 percent for the SPD, 15.4 percent for the KPD and 23.4 percent for the NSDAP. Nevertheless, it turned out that the NSDAP and the bourgeois and right-wing parties sympathizing with it would retain the upper hand in the long run, and the SPD subsequently lost approval, while the NSDAP in Zuffenhausen won several electoral districts in the Reichstag elections on July 31, 1932, even if the SPD was still clearly ahead of her here. The only beneficiary of this trend, however, was the NSDAP, although it lost support again in the Reichstag elections in November 1932 , so that some mistakenly believed that it was finally in decline again, a serious misjudgment, as soon became apparent.

Third Reich 1933–1945

The twelve years of the Third Reich up to the defeat in World War II in 1945, which led to severe destruction in Zuffenhausen with its numerous industries and forced labor camps , which were also important for the war effort , brought about economic, institutional, societal and structural changes in addition to political ones. (The associated political phenomena are presented separately below ). But also from a purely historical point of view, this period in Zuffenhausen was naturally an eventful and eventful time. which are roughly divided into two phases, whereby the Nazi crimes extend over both sections and are therefore classified in between:

The pre-war period between 1933 and 1939, which is usually divided into two parts:
1. 1933–1934: takeover and securing of power.
2. 1934–1939: Consolidation and Consensus.
The Second World War between 1939 and 1945.

Pre-war period 1933–1939

General situation

Germany was now a dictatorship for the next twelve years, and this immediately had an impact on Stuttgart and Zuffenhausen, where from now on not only swastika flags and SA dominated the picture, but also the offices were quickly filled with Nazi members and the political opponents were arrested and arrested in rows were deported to the newly founded Heuberg concentration camp, initially planned only for communists . State power was now with Gauleiter Wilhelm Murr , who was elected President of Württemberg in the state parliament on March 15 and later became Reich Governor . State commissioner for the administration of Stuttgart and later, after “farewell” to Karl Lautenschlager , Lord Mayor, Karl Strölin, police chief of the SA group leaders of Jagow. The independent local government was smashed, the old council dissolved and the new into line .

In Zuffenhausen, which was now represented with a Nazi party member in the council, the KPD and SPD members were serially in protective custody among them the pastor taken Gotthilf leg , from which the church council distanced in anticipatory obedience immediately, and the editor Emil Schuler, after the war the first district chairman in Zuffenhausen. The communication structures of the labor movement were smashed and the SA occupied the Waldheim, which, like the party assets, was later confiscated and transferred to the German Labor Front . The SA and SS trade union houses had already stormed on May 2, the functionaries there tortured and some of them beaten to death, and the survivors taken to the Heuberg concentration camp. The first political criminal trials against citizens of Zuffenhausen also began soon. The press, the associations, the local building cooperative , the commercial and commercial bank as well as the professional associations of trade and crafts, i.e. chambers and guilds, were also brought into line . Public life was given a new face, conforming to the NSDAP, with swastika flags, marches, the Horst Wessel song , etc. Previous festivals such as the German Gymnastics Festival or May 1st were taken over and redesigned in the NS style. The Hohenstein School, which only opened in 1930, was renamed the Horst Wessel School, as were several streets with names that were no longer acceptable, such as Ebert, Rathenau and Heine, which had to give way to NS-compliant names.

The Neuwirtshaussiedlung originally built for the unemployed between 1933 and 1937.

The infrastructural improvements in Zuffenhausen, which the National Socialists liked to claim as their own invention , mostly went back to the period before 1933 and were merely usurped by them for propaganda, like the Reichsautobahn and the elimination of mass unemployment . The following projects in particular should be mentioned here:

The Neuwirtshaussiedlung : the National Socialists claimed that it had been built by them for the workers, but it had been planned from 1931 onwards. It got its name from an inn built around 1600, at the beginning a well-occupied courtyard, then as the Hofkammergut a state domain of the Kingdom of Württemberg, then for a long time a base for carriages of all kinds. In 1737, the object, which was demolished and historically rebuilt in 1990, went into the hand of the state passed, especially since a few years later the Solitudeallee passed by, which connected the Duke's seat in Ludwigsburg with his Solitude pleasure palace and also crossed the old Roman Heerstraße , now today's Schwieberdinger Straße.
The canalization of the Feuerbach had been planned for a long time, had begun in 1932 and was now completed by the Reich Labor Service after Feuerbach was incorporated in 1933 . This conversion into a sewer has since been reversed due to the negative environmental impact as part of renaturation measures.
The improvement of the tram connection had also been planned beforehand, as was the electrification and expansion of suburban traffic by the Reichsbahn .
The first Rotweg settlement was only built between 1937 and 1941. Since it was almost exclusively reserved for SS men and " old fighters " as well as other "deserving" NSDAP members, who were also generously helped with the financing, it soon received the nickname "SS-Siedlung" in the population, which continued for a long time lasted after the war, especially since those old National Socialists, who had initially had to vacate the settlement for the benefit of forced laborers, the displaced persons , were able to move in again through legal action.
As a state party, the NSDAP also claimed first access to social institutions , in particular through the National Socialist People's Welfare NSV, which increasingly took over or withdrew tasks from the previous municipal and ecclesiastical bodies, especially the control of the kindergartens, of which they were in Rotweg and Neuwirtshaus, for example a series instituted in addition, so that already here and before young people and Hitler youth an indoctrination could take place.

The NSDAP in Zuffenhausen had been present as a local group since the party's re-establishment in 1925, but the situation within the local group initially seems to have been unstable, especially after personal quarrels. After the change of power, when those who fell in March pressed into the party, the local group had 500 members at the end of April. This strong increase in membership in turn led to tension with the old party members. Even after the Röhmputsch and the death of Reich President Hindenburg in 1934, this bad mood persisted. After the membership increased to 1000, a second local group had to be formed in 1935. In 1937, however, the Reich leadership of the NSDAP introduced a new structure according to which the local group now automatically comprised all residents and no longer just the party members. The block warden system arose , in which the actual party comrades now became part of the surveillance apparatus.

Political persecution and resistance in Zuffenhausen

There was little resistance in Zuffenhausen, analogous to the situation throughout the empire. One reason was that the Nazis from the churches because of his anti-Bolshevik orientation at the beginning and especially by the Catholics after the Reich Concordat was seen positively, while it the workers initially simply as new, just now nationally socially oriented Labor Party misunderstood that their interests represented, as the term "National Socialist German Workers' Party" suggests and gradually made the workers, especially the salaried employees, into NSDAP voters, although the rise of the NSDAP was mainly at the expense of the non-Catholic bourgeois parties the workers were still underrepresented in the membership structure until 1930 (workers 28.1 percent, party members with 45.9 percent share in society; salaried employees 25.6 percent with 12 percent in society). The fact that there was now a "strong man" who would finally restore calm in the country was generally welcomed. Incidentally, the anti-Semitic tendencies were entirely in line with the traditions of the late 19th century and were generally accepted by the population, as the corresponding murderous events (e.g. Rosa Luxemburg , Kurt Eisner and Walther Rathenau ) during the Weimar period also illustrate.

In contrast to other districts of Stuttgart, for such reasons no organized resistance in Zuffenhausen became known to a greater extent than was still possible. At best, there are phenomena of silent opposition and rebelliousness with the creation of a kind of counter-public, for example through underground newspapers and leaflets, in which, for example, the conditions in the Heuberg concentration camp were reported. This also applies to the SPD and KPD, which were already severely weakened by waves of arrests and emigration and had to operate either underground or at the latest after the outbreak of war from abroad, as the example of Fritz Eberhard shows, who until 1937 was even banned under this until 1937 Pseudonym (actually his name was Hellmut von Rauschenplat) covertly wrote critical articles for the Stuttgart Sunday newspaper published by Erich Schairer . The resistance group around Erwin Schoettle with ties to the exile SPD should also be mentioned here , but was also exposed in 1936. The KPD's illegal resistance apparatus was also wiped out by 1936. In addition, most of the resistance members and their groups were exposed relatively early on, often through denunciation. Convictions were mostly based on the so-called treachery law , i.e. because of criticism of Nazi politics or the war. After serving the initially rather short prison sentence, the delinquents were often handed over to the Gestapo and disappeared into a concentration camp until the end of the war, which was often not survived, a fate that was also attributed to some of the Zuffenhausen citizens. Overall, however, such moral courage was rare. In isolated cases, old communication structures continued to exist within certain protected areas in small businesses and in private life. The mother of the Hitler assassin Georg Elser lived in Zuffenhausen, where she often visited her son. After the attack, Zuffenhausen was therefore the focus of the Gestapo. Some left-wing politicians and trade unionists were taken into so-called protective custody relatively early in 1933 and some were held in prisons and concentration camps for several years, such as Albert Glöck and Hugo Walz. Others such as Richard and Adolf Rau, Helmut Walz or Emil Schuler were now under constant surveillance by the Gestapo and were picked up and interrogated several times, an effective way of showing the population what happened to those who were hostile or even critical of the National Socialists .

Many citizens threatened by terror and persecution did not know during the Nazi era where to find shelter in order to escape their captors. Some of them found an open door at Unterländer Straße 65. Where the BW Bank building is today, the former Protestant parsonage used to stand. Among other things, the Jew Hermann Pineas was hidden there by the parish families Gümbel, Kirschmann and Werner.

Euthanasia and persecution of the Jews

Memorial "Token of Remembrance" of the deportation of Jews from the Stuttgart North Station.

Euthanasia: As in the whole of the Reich, people from Zuffenhausen were also murdered in 1940 and 1941 as part of " Aktion T4 ", as euthanasia was called in internal correspondence, especially in Grafeneck near Gomadingen . Exact figures about the affected Zuffenhäuser are not available, only the data from the Stolperstein initiative (see below).

Shoah : In the course of the 12 deportations of Jews from Württemberg (the last with "half-breeds" and "mixed-race spouses" to Theresienstadt on February 12th), especially to the extermination camps in the east, Zuffenhausen Jews were also killed. While4876 Jews were still living in Stuttgartbefore the seizure of power , after the end of the war in 1945 there were still 123. The others were either murdered or, like 3000, fled.

The fate of many of these people is still unclear today. Some things could be clarified within the framework of the so-called Stolperstein initiative. Sometimes the places of death are not known, so this information is missing in the following.

Nazi victims from Zuffenhausen ( Partial list, as many documents are destroyed or destroyed by the Nazis during the war. Victims who already have a stumbling block received are marked with an S in ) Euthanasia ( Action T4 ) : S: Willy Bosch, Berta Göpfert, Lydia Hägele, Rosine Nieden, Ernst Rau, Hedwig Voith, Anna Wahl. Still without a stumbling block : Friedrich Burkhardsmayer, Herbert Fröhlich, Gottlob Klotz, Eugen Lang, Willy Retlich. Most of them were murdered in Grafeneck. Child euthanasia : Rudi Kleemann, Ingrid Reith, Ursula Siegel, Karin Weiniger, Gerda Wild. None of these victims, who were also murdered in Grafeneck, but also in children's clinics, has not yet had a stumbling block. Mass murder of the Jews ( Shoah ): S: Julius Beickert (Welzheim Police Prison ), Max Böhm Treblinka concentration camp , Berta Fransziska Sander, Siegfried Sander (both Ravensbrück concentration camp , Dachau concentration camp ), Pauline Schneider ( Izbica ghetto or Belzec concentration camp / Sobibor concentration camp ). Murder of the Sinti and Roma : S: Johann Kling, Marta Kling, Johanna Kling (all in the Auschwitz gypsy camp ), Albert Reinhard ( Natzweiler concentration camp ), August Reinhard ( Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp ). Still without a stumbling block : Maria Munk ( Auschwitz gypsy camp ). Resistance and political prisoners : S: Karl Holzlehner (late effects of imprisonment in 1948), Karl Rumberger ( Flossenbürg concentration camp ), Eugen Spilger (buried near Nürtingen), Eugen Wiedmaier (Ludwigsburg prison hospital), Erwin Winkler (unknown hospital). Still without a stumbling block : Hugo Bartsch, Julius Noppel, Helmut Stahl, Paul Stiefel. You were murdered as political opponents. Forced labor ( Nazi forced labor ) : All of them still without a stumbling block: Stefan Gorski, Peter Czornopyski, Franz Kiryzug, Johann Hadam, Iwan Makarsky, Adolf Seruga. (Stumbling blocks are planned as well as the inclusion on the memorial plaque for the victims of fascism in the Zuffenhausen cemetery.) Forced labor children who died shortly after their birth in the forced labor camp behind the Zuffenhausen cemetery: Small memorial stone at the cemetery for: Kateriane Alesso, Roman Lenosky, Halina Maidowski, Eduard Passteskin, Nikolai Schukow, Karolina Skudniewska, Boriso Wasili, Natweede Zubow.

The wine press district around the old Zuffenhausen wine press was built in the 1930s by the Nazi regime. People who were unpleasant to the National Socialists were concentrated here, e. B. Communists, opponents of the Nazi regime, Sinti, Jews in so-called Jewish houses . They were not allowed to use the air raid shelter on Hohenloher Strasse. They had to stay in their houses during air raids or illegally hide in the jackdaw of the Feuerbach .

One of the most notorious concentration camp henchmen in Auschwitz , Wilhelm Boger , came from Zuffenhausen.

Second World War 1939–1945, forced labor

As an industrial center, Zuffenhausen was the location of factories that were important to the war effort and thus the primary goal of the Allied bomber fleets. At the same time there were also several industrial forced labor camps here, especially from 1944 onwards several so-called Eastern labor camps .

Defense industry and forced labor

Factories of importance to the war, some of which had settled here long before the outbreak of war and which brought positive economic development to Zuffenhausen and the neighboring towns such as Feuerbach and Kornwestheim , were primarily automotive and armaments industries. The most important and largest in Zuffenhausen were:

To manufacture aircraft engines , Hellmuth Hirth founded Hirth Motoren GmbH in 1931 , which built a large factory in Zuffenhausen. After Hirth's death in 1938, the company was taken over by Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke . Ernst Heinkel , as one of "Hitler's armories", later relied heavily on the use of forced labor and was also involved in other Nazi crimes. He used the murder of Jews to his own advantage by buying their property cheaply, but then successfully producing himself as an anti-Nazi opponent after the war. Hans Pabst von Ohain developed by Hirth from 1936 HeS-3b - turbojet , with test pilot Erich Warsitz on 27 August 1939 in Rostock-Marie marriage with a Heinkel He 178 performed the world's first jet-powered flight.

The Kolb company settled in Zuffenhausen in 1937 to also manufacture aircraft engines.

From 1937 on, Dr. Ing.hc F. Porsche KG opened a new plant. The company founded by Ferdinand Porsche in April 1931 at Kronenstrasse 24 in Stuttgart offered "design and advice for engine and vehicle construction". On March 7, 1944, Porsche personally requested Soviet prisoners of war from Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler for use in forced labor. As VW managing director in 1942, he himself ordered concentration camp prisoners from Hitler to build a new light metal foundry in the Volkswagen factory near Fallersleben , now part of Wolfsburg . As a camp for the forced laborers, he had the " Arbeitsdorf concentration camp " set up - not a village, but the foundry bunker - which consisted of four individual camps including a death camp for children (the children's camp Rorien ) and other concentration camps that were in no way inferior to the terrible living conditions there concerned. It has been proven that he knew about it. Porsche even visited the Auschwitz concentration camp personally for a “meat inspection”. Half of the work slaves requested first did not survive the six-month trial phase, the rest were sent back to Auschwitz and killed there; the working conditions were comparable to those of other industrial slave camps. Nevertheless, on the occasion of its 25th anniversary in 1983, the Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen grammar school was renamed Ferdinand Porsche grammar school Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen. The historian Hans Mommsen later expressed himself very clearly and negatively about Ferdinand Porsche's responsibility (e.g. in a television program on ZDF on December 15, 2004).

Zuffenhausen had become an important center of the armaments industry. After the start of the war, especially after the start of the Barbarossa company , the attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, a more serious labor shortage soon arose, which one tried to solve by setting up ever larger forced labor camps, which were attempted to discipline by establishing a brutal special law provided for the death penalty for even the smallest offenses. There was soon no longer enough space for such warehouses on the respective company premises, and they had to be set up elsewhere, partly in the middle of Zuffenhausen. There were several of these fenced and heavily guarded camps, in which the living conditions were terrible and there was no protection against air attacks, which therefore fell victim to many forced laborers, because they were forbidden from entering the shelters . In principle, however, forced laborers were used in all areas of the economy where this was halfway possible in terms of safety, including agriculture.

Leaflet for Eastern workers from the Soviet Union.

The following camps existed:

at the Knecht brickworks a smaller one,
the largest on the Schlotwiese with up to 3000 occupants for the company Hirth Motoren,
the Gehrenäcker camp at Ludwigsburger Strasse 244 with 400 inmates, an Eastern workers' camp in which the sick, the elderly and children "lived",
next to the leather factory a camp with 500 forced laborers
the camp in the Seedamm area on the border with Feuerbach, about which little is known.

Home Front and Air War

The preparations for war already began in the mid 1930s, as in the Burgholzhof the Flanders barracks was built and Won Mönchfeld the Grenadier barracks. Already relatively early and as early as 1940, mostly underground air raid shelters were built everywhere , for which the population was forcibly deployed, especially women, since most of the men were at war or worked in war industries. On May 5, 1942, Zuffenhausen experienced its first air raid. The British had attacked the Hirth company. There were 132 deaths. More and more people died in further attacks by the Royal Air Force and later by the Americans. Because of the many bombed houses, emergency shelters in schools etc. increasingly had to be set up. From 1943 the situation became so critical that children and schoolchildren were evacuated as part of the deportation to Kinderland . But Zuffenhausen was largely spared from attacks in the next period, while Stuttgart sank into ruins and in 1944 was one of the most heavily destroyed cities in the empire. But on September 10, 1944, Zuffenhausen was also hit hard. On 19./20. In October there was a new attack with severe damage and numerous fatalities. Only the arms industry got off relatively lightly, as on September 10th. The next heavy attack, the last area bombing, took place on January 28, 1945. Nevertheless, the total destruction was not as great compared to other parts of the city such as Stammheim.

Immediate consequences of the war:

Fallen at the front: 755

Fatalities in the bombing war: 256, including the disproportionately affected slave laborers, plus numerous injured

Building damage: 3205, 1171 easy, 468 medium (including the Hohenstein School), severe 468 (including the town hall, the train station and the Pauluskirche as well as the completely burned-out Johanneskirche). Total losses: 313 (including the Silcher and Kelter school). In 1948, not all of the rubble had been removed. The dud problem persisted much longer and partly still exists today.

After 1945

The end of the war also marked a dramatic turning point in Zuffenhausen, politically, socially, economically, but above all mentally and culturally. Alexander and Margarete Mitscherlich have the enormous psychological dimension of this process in their famous work “ The inability to mourn. Basics of Collective Behavior "described in 1967.

For Zuffenhausen, the period after 1945 can be roughly divided into 4 phases.

The immediate post-war period , when survival and the satisfaction of basic needs were central. Even after the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany, however, the American occupying power remained the center of all political, administrative or economic activity in Stuttgart. For Zuffenhausen, this was underlined from a purely visual point of view by the fact that the Robinson Barracks dominated the plateau of the Burgholzhof and formed an American exclave that was barely accessible to ordinary people and "looked down" on the place.
After the currency reform of 1948 and the establishment of a social market economy from the reconstruction and the so-called. Wirtschaftswunder dominated 1950s and 1960s , the practical with the student revolt of '68 and the 1955 (abolition of the occupation regime ) initiated, gradual handover of sovereignty to the organs of the Federal Republic by the occupying powers and the Eastern treaties came to an end. At the same time, the previously rather conservative self-satisfied attitude of the population, which had largely ignored the past, began to change, not least under the influence of the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials and the social-liberal coalition in 1969, to one that was more determined by historical self-criticism.
The 1970s and 1980s , in its effects well into the 1990s -years and to the reunification of reaching phase in which the center of the expansion was and old structures, the first in the 1970s were determined by global economic upheavals whose local impact many expensive construction projects either delayed or prevented entirely.
The fourth phase , which continues to this day, was determined by modernizations , which for Zuffenhausen were associated with large, primarily traffic-related construction measures and during which attempts were also made to alleviate or eliminate the consequences of old undesirable developments, be it in the area of Environment, the integration of foreign citizens or the infrastructure or simply to improve the quality of life in Zuffenhausen.

First post-war period until 1950: survival

After the effective end of the war in April 1945 and after the Nero order and the use of the werewolf units in Zuffenhausen had had no effect - only in Cannstatt a bridge over the Neckar had been blown up - people waited anxiously to see what would happen. The Nazi celebrities had fled and the remaining German troops had withdrawn. Also in the Home Guard under the master baker Kübler won the reason, and the weapons were laid down, not least probably because antifascists had joined forces in Zuffenhausen and Munster to prevent further military actions. On April 21, a French infantry regiment was able to occupy Zuffenhausen without a fight and set up its headquarters in the old town hall. The consequences, however, included curfews, confiscations, looting, attacks by the partly North African occupation soldiers, especially on women, arrests and deportation of individuals for forced labor in France, and a general labor service for men. Certain thirst for revenge were unmistakable, but understandable (historically) in view of the things that Germans had done in France. However, the French military administration did not follow a uniform line, because while in other parts of the city bloody excesses, looting, arbitrary arrests and rape were the order of the day, the French commandant in Zuffenhausen approved a May Day rally in front of the town hall and smaller gatherings, of which before The combat committees in particular benefited, as they often had closer contacts with the military administration than the city administration under Mayor Klett.

The first phase of the occupation was characterized by the activity of these anti-fascist-oriented combat committees, which were later renamed “working committees”. They were founded on the day of the surrender, on May 8th, and announced this with an appeal to the citizens of Zuffenhausen, Zazenhausen and Stammheim. They now took on administrative and police duties. Emil Schuler, Willi Pflugbeil, Fritz Eisele, Ernst Morlock and Adolf Rau were some of their leaders, almost all of whom came from the left, as well as bourgeois dignitaries and unencumbered members of former bourgeois parties. More than half of the members had got to know the Nazis' concentration camps and prisons from the inside, and one of their members had been sentenced to death in absentia during the last days of the war. In no other major German city did combat committees have this strength and importance. Their main task was to ensure food and accommodation, the work of the citizens, for example to clear the rubble (the so-called rubble women were then downright the symbol of the time) as well as the connection to the occupying power, initially also the political struggle against the remnants of the old regime. However, on May 25, the new mayor, Arnulf Klett, banned all political activities and limited the work of the committees to administrative assistance. At that time, the later local councils and the office of the district mayor as well as the decentralized restructuring of the city and its administration were conceptually created. Emil Schuler was appointed district mayor in Zuffenhausen in August after the Americans replaced the French as the occupying power in Stuttgart on July 7, 1945 and now practiced a much more moderate and far less revenge-influenced regime.

In the meantime, however, the new formation of the parties had set in, and there were tensions and conflicting goals between the working committees and the new party headquarters as well as with the occupying power , which was initially rather opposed to a democratic self-government of the vanquished, especially after what had become generally known had happened in the concentration camps. Since the working committees were forbidden from any political activity either by the German or the Allies, the Zuffenhausen committee was the first to resolve itself on May 10, 1946, a process with a great signal effect. All local power now rested with the administration. However, the Stuttgart district constitution with the establishment of district councils, as it still exists today, is inconceivable without the local fighting committees and working committees as early decentralized mechanisms.

The significantly longer second phase that followed was dominated by the Americans after the US Commander-in-Chief, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, with Proclamation No. 2 on September 19, 1945, added all of Württemberg to the American zone of occupation . This time was essentially dominated by 6 problem areas .

The denazification , which was soon left by the Americans and the Germans brought forth so often quite remarkable results, especially as the Germans they rejected massive. There are no peculiarities of the judicial chamber responsible for Zuffenhausen . Their judgments (correct name: sayings) moved within the usual, mostly pretty euphemistic framework.

The treatment of so-called displaced persons (DP). Most of these were freed forced laborers who no longer wanted to return to their homeland because they might have to fear persecution etc. there or the living conditions were even worse than here. Like the occupation soldiers, they were viewed as foreigners and placed on the same level as the ethnic Germans. Zuffenhausen was a focal point of the disputes because of the many Soviet, Polish and Latvian forced laborers, 13,000 of whom initially lived here: 7000 in the grenadier barracks, 3000 on Schlotwiese, in the Knecht brickworks on today's cemetery grounds in 2000 and at Hirth at the city park 500. Also after the repatriation , 7,000 still remain in Zuffenhausen. They were criminalized in the population, and there were constant arguments with the DPs, who were assigned the function of scapegoats, but which also unleashed the hatred of the Germans that had been pent up for years. In order to alleviate their fate, the UNRRA responsible for them confiscated private apartments, including in the SS settlement on Rotweg, where 592 former foreign workers were housed until 1947, mostly Poles. The fact that the DPs also received higher rations during the hunger crisis of 1946/47 made the situation even worse. A xenophobia developed ideologically that was still rooted in the Nazi era .

Dealing with the so-called ethnic Germans who were now admitted as refugees mainly to the Schlotwiese (1200). The extremely primitive Schlotwiesenlager, previously used for foreign workers, initially served briefly after the war as a repatriation camp for Russians, who were also housed under very poor conditions in the barracks of the Knecht brickworks and on the lake dam in the former forced labor camp there. They too were despised and discriminated against in the population - for a long time "refugee" was almost a kind of swear word - especially since they usually came from the old settlement areas in the east or, as Germans abroad, from the German areas that had been separated off since the Versailles Treaty. The ethnic Germans who were later classified as “expellees” were considered Germans, but differed considerably from the locals in terms of their language and customs. Since UNRRA refused to be treated equally with the DPs, the German authorities had to take over responsibility from the Americans on November 17, 1945 for these almost 2,000 people, who came from Yugoslavia, Romania and Hungary and who were stranded in the Old Reich because of the Nazi resettlement processes . In the population they were seen, like the DPs, as idlers, thieves and parasites who took away the already sparse resources and excluded them from the " national community ", especially since most of them were also Catholic and the camp the sports fields and that The Zuffenhausen swimming pool was blocked, which they were also resented. As in the case of the DPs, relevant campaigns by the local press cast a bad image of the German population of Zuffenhausen at the time. As shelters for the socially disadvantaged, these camps increasingly became a stumbling block for the residents of the district and were places where one did not go and where the children were warned about.

Fight for the small Rotweg settlement , where the former residents, all of whom had been National Socialists or SS members, had been evacuated in favor of refugees. However, from 1948 onwards, they tried to get their houses back by legal action and were finally given the right in 1953, a verdict that was received with great unease throughout West Germany and described as a "victory of the SS and reparations to tried and tested National Socialists" the city had been sentenced to pay damages for ignoring previous judgments and forbidding at least 63 of the most extreme SS settlers to re-enter.

Supply difficulties. Rationing with the issue of food stamps , care packages , the black market and cigarette currency also determined the nutritional situation in Zuffenhausen until the currency reform on 20/21. June 1948. In the first days after the end of the war, supplies in Zuffenhausen, which had been guaranteed during the war thanks to the looting of the occupied countries, settled relatively quickly. A pronounced shortage of supply only arose in the course of 1946. However, the severe winter 46/47 brought with it difficulties in supplying fuel, especially since many apartments were half destroyed and could hardly be heated anyway. They increasingly switched to bartering and did what was called hamstering , drove to the country and exchanged their own luxury goods such as cameras, carpets, pictures, china etc., but also clothes from the farmers for food. In 1947 the food supply sank to a low, and the average daily calorie value granted by food cards sank to 1299 kcal (comparison: 1940 to 1944 1700 kcal). The bakeries in Zuffenhausen had to close temporarily due to a shortage of flour, and the local food and economy office, which was responsible for distributing the daily goods, was increasingly overwhelmed and only managed the shortage. The same applied to the welfare office, which in 1946 alone paid out so-called winter allowances for 5,600 people. The lack of food resulted in work stoppages and protests. Other daily consumer goods and fuels were also in short supply, although some of the forests had been cleared for felling. Collecting beechnuts and wood, the so-called. Glean wherever and Nachsammeln of remaining potatoes on the harvested fields, the Kohlenklau and collecting coal to the railway lines, keeping animals at or in the townhouses, the creation of garden it went were other methods of survival.

Housing shortage . It lasted much longer than the food crisis. In Zuffenhausen it was particularly serious with an occupancy rate of 2.3 people per room, as the population had increased from 17,000 in 1933 to 26,000 in 1946 and the housing authorities specially set up for this purpose had also assigned a particularly large number of bombed-out apartments here, as Zuffenhausen was later than other parts of the city had been hit by the bombing. In addition, the occupying power claimed numerous apartments for itself, and the US Army abandoned its plan to create residential quarters for 8,000 soldiers with a swimming pool and other leisure facilities in Zuffenhausen north of Unterländer Straße and to drive away the local population only after violent protests. Because of the disastrous situation that made Zuffenhausen the most overpopulated district in Stuttgart, the five barracks of the former forced laborers in 1948/49 could not yet be abandoned.
So in 1949 the decision was made to build a large new housing estate for 28,000 residents in the Rotweg area, the number that lacked apartments, especially for the 25,000 expellees assigned to Stuttgart , of whom 1,650 had been assigned to Zuffenhausen. The project was supported by the Neues Heim building cooperative , which was founded on the Schlotwiese because it was initially supposed to be built there (which the district advisory council refused for quite selfish reasons as it also rejected other site proposals), as well as a non-profit building cooperative in Zuffenhausen. The settlement, from which Germany's largest housing project developed, was intended as a refugee settlement , despite the unease about a certain ghettoization . However, the Rotweg settlement, which is still being expanded, has now become completely mixed up. On the other hand, the old barracks on the Seedamm, on the Schlotwiese and at the Knecht brickworks remained in place for a long time after the Rotweg settlement was built.

Another turning point in structural terms was the construction of a new district town hall in Zuffenhausen, which opened in 1950, compared to the old one that had been demolished and which had once emerged from the "Gasthof Adler" a hundred years earlier.

The 1950s and 1960s: reconstruction

Particularly noticeable in this period is the significant, sometimes breathtaking general change in the cityscape, which was mainly, but not only, due to the reconstruction and removal of the ruins. As early as 1947 there was a general development plan for Stuttgart, which provided for new traffic routes for Zuffenhausen, for example. The land use in Zuffenhausen was already determined here by the function of the place as an industrial location with extensive settlement areas for 20,000 to 40,000 inhabitants.

The planning euphoria of the first post-war years had a particular effect on Zuffenhausen and not only produced positive examples in terms of architecture, urban planning, transport technology and environmental policy (e.g. the extreme pollution of water in the 1950s and 1960s). In those days, environmental protection and monument protection in particular were not terms that particularly worried local politicians (they even wanted to demolish the burnt-out New Palace ), and one was always inclined to tear down "the old Glomp" first in case of doubt (and that was the case with the Kronprinzenpalais also done). There were massive interventions in the urban living structure through the expansion of rail and traffic routes in the then current trend of the so-called car-friendly city . The entire transition from the centuries-old village to the modern industrial city, which began in the middle of the 19th century, entered a new phase characterized by the dynamism of refugees, reconstruction and re-industrialization in the course of the so-called economic miracle , and not least took place against the background of massive changes in the population structure not free of tension, but it is paradigmatic for other German cities of the modern age, since here several developments due to the war-related destruction take place simultaneously and next to one another on an urban planning-sociological experimental field, which can only be observed successively elsewhere.

The high-rise buildings Romeo (center, at times the tallest residential building in Germany) and Juliet (left) in Stuttgart-Rot, built between 1955 and 1959.

District town hall in Zuffenhausen, 1951

Terrace House, Tapachstrasse; built 1969–1971 by P. Faller and H. Schröder.

Individual measures and developments: In addition to the commercial areas, especially in the northwest of Zuffenhausen, the newly emerging Zuffenhausen Rot residential district, which was built to eliminate the housing shortage, especially for refugees, as well as some smaller new residential districts such as Elbelen, Tapach, Mönchsberg, Rappenberg, Schoßbühl, should be mentioned in this context . Haldenrain and Hofäcker, as well as the large district town hall that opened in 1950, only the third in the long history of Zuffenhausen, and later the new train station in 1982. The new village cemetery, laid out in 1833 on the road to Zazenhausen at the northern exit of the town (its predecessor had been in the area around the Johanneskirche, as was customary at the time, but had apparently already become too small in the earliest industrialization phase) was built in several steps between 1963 and 1989 taking advantage of a side valley of the Feuerbach that has now been filled in, it has expanded enormously to about 16 hectares to the north, namely over the Espach, upper Hurth and Gehrenäcker basins. High-rise buildings were built, above all the double high-rise “Romeo and Juliet” in red, built by Hans Scharoun , which was even noticed throughout Germany for its architecture, as was the terrace house on Tapachstrasse. In Zuffenhausen, a new, representative town center was built between the Pauluskirche, the town hall and the Johanneskirche outside the old village center, parallel to it the new Kelterplatz, in 1967 with the now abandoned central post office and the junction of the tram over Haldenrainstraße to Rot.

Ugly and / or dilapidated buildings in and around the new town center, like the old Zum Ochsen inn, were gradually demolished and replaced by new buildings. In particular, this also affected old bunkers, makeshift shelters, ruins and barracks. First, the barracks on Kelterplatz were cleared to make way for the new street, Haldenrainstraße to Rot, and to create a festival area. The evacuation of the remaining slums, mainly on the outskirts, in which 1401 people still lived in 1951 on the Schlotwiese, the Knechtschen site, the Seedamm and in the Neuwirtshausbunker, turned out to be more difficult. The last two remained occupied even beyond 1960. It was only when several blocks of simple apartments were built in the Gewann Seedamm that this unworthy condition for the socially disadvantaged living there could be ended. The then unsuccessful attempt to instruct Italian guest workers to replace them in the old accommodations also shows how much the social conscience was influenced by the economic dynamics even then. The Schlotwiesen camp existed the longest, the last barracks of which were only demolished in 1967. In the meantime, however, new barracks for guest workers had been built in the industrial area, including at the Porsche and Sümak companies. The construction of more of these camps was barely prevented in 1973 by the district advisory board, which at that time already asked the companies concerned to build humane dwellings. The problems of a district whose population now consisted of more than a quarter of foreign citizens became acute during these years and have remained acute to this day, albeit with a predominantly Turkish-Islamic accent.

New street layouts became necessary, and Unterländer Straße developed into the main shopping street of Zuffenhausen, but kept its cobblestone pavement and the avenue trees lining it until the 1970s , until these things were sacrificed to wider and more efficient traffic routes (and much later at least some new trees planted again and moved the tram, which was extended to Stammheim after the war, under the streets in a tunnel). Two new schools, above all the new Silcher school designed for 1,500 pupils, and kindergartens were built, partly to replace the old, destroyed ones, partly to cope with the population growth. Further schools, which were built in the following period because of the increasing educational demands, were the Park Realschule am Stadtpark in 1957 and the Lenau School in Rot in 1956 (today the Uhland School). In the following years, the Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen grammar school was added as a new building in Haldenrainstrasse in 1962, which until then had been housed in the Hohenstein School and was renamed the Ferdinand Porsche grammar school Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen in 1983, until 1965 the Uhland which emerged from the Lenau school -Volksschule, the Rilke-Mittelschule as well as the Robert-Bosch- Gewerbeschule and the Gustav-Werner-Schule for the mentally handicapped and in 1970 the Ernst-Abbe-Schule for the visually handicapped in red. In addition, a youth center was built on Mönchsberg.

The 1970s and 1980s: expansion

By the end of the 1960s, the most important repairs had been done and the greatest need for community facilities such as cemeteries, schools, leisure facilities, apartments, roads, local transport, etc. had been satisfied or the objects were at least in the planning stage. In fact, a great deal had been implemented in the last 20 years or more, which had passed since the submission of the last general development plan. However, some important projects were still outstanding, the first one being to improve the dramatically deteriorating traffic situation in Zuffenhausen; in particular the lack of bypass road B 10/27 led to an increasing number of traffic jams and accidents. Other projects, the completion of which the population of Zuffenhausen was impatiently waiting for, were a gymnasium and assembly hall (which still does not exist today), a fairground, an indoor swimming pool and a public outdoor swimming pool (which was abandoned as a project in 1981). All of these things, to which the increasing demand for sports fields on the Schlotwiese came, had already been promised in 1949.

In detail, these project requests, the realization of which was initially delayed in part by the economic crisis in the early 1970s , had the following fate:

Indoor swimming pool project: After strong public pressure from an action group of citizens, the funds were approved in 1973, and on September 23, 1975 the indoor swimming pool was opened on the grounds of the valley meadows below the Silcher school, later expanded with an outdoor area and additional facilities such as saunas.
New federal highway B 10/27: The draft of the route, which provided for bundling along the railway line, had been in existence since 1966. At that time, the traffic load for Zuffenhausen was 46,000 vehicles a day. The federal government therefore approved the project the following year. From 1972 the construction work on four necessary bridge projects was in full swing, as well as preparatory work on other connecting roads. However, the work was stopped by the court that year because residents did not see the noise protection sufficiently taken into account. The completion planned for 1976 could then not be kept. It was not until 1980 that the road went into operation, and the inner-city traffic calmed down as hoped. The noise and exhaust emissions increased, however, because the B 10/27 strongly increased the through traffic, so that the daily pollution is around 60,000 vehicles today. In addition, the motorway-like traffic artery, which is partly run as an elevated road along the railway line, developed into an additional border separating the city district. The concept designed shortly after the end of the war under completely different premises, namely that of the car-friendly city , now had mainly negative effects and produced massive backlogs at both ends in the direction of the autobahn and the Pragsattel. Also the huge so-called Ohr , which was later built at the Friedrichswahl at the southern end of the B 10/27 , which was to connect to a so-called Krailenshaldentrasse, which was planned but was never built after protests by an interest group, in order to relieve the Pragsattel in this way, is to be closed again and replaced by a new, smaller driveway structure.
The new train station: as early as 1953, the district advisory board had dealt with it. The old station building, built in 1868 and damaged by the war, was already inadequate back then. The S-Bahn traffic started in 1978, with a line in Zuffenhausen now branching off on an elevated platform to Leonberg and strengthening the role of Zuffenhausen as a traffic junction, made new construction more and more urgent, especially since the construction of the B 10/27 next to the railway line parts of the railway site and the track systems had to be restructured because of the missing tracks. In 1982 the new station was put into operation, the old one demolished. In 1983, a new business and cultural center was built on the new station forecourt, in which the city library, the adult education center and the music school found suitable accommodation. A smaller event hall could at least alleviate the lack of suitable space for public purposes in Zuffenhausen.
Festival hall and outdoor pool: Although both were long desired by the population of Zuffenhausen, especially by the clubs, they have not yet been implemented as separate construction projects, and the former gym of the Hohenstein School, which has now been suitably converted, still serves as an outdoor pool as a large assembly hall the also renovated outdoor pool of the naturopathic association on the Schlotwiese. The tithe barn, which was extensively restored in the second half of the 1980s, was converted into a community center .
The Schlotwiese: It was planned for a long time to upgrade the area as a local recreation area and sports center, but the camp there was a limiting factor for many years. This was one of the reasons why initial plans got stuck in the 1950s, although they became more and more urgent for the then 47,000 residents of Zuffenhausen. A first plan from 1967 failed due to the financing and the problem of where the allotment gardens there could have been relocated. The area littered with rubbish and rubble looked like a desert. First, a kind of minimal solution was created by making the area available to the clubs for use, which then prepared it for their own purposes. When plans emerged in the early 1970s to use the Schlotwiese for parking spaces and a large connecting road through the woods to Feuerbach, in order to bypass the Pragsattel, violent protests broke out and a citizens' initiative emerged. The city planning office then submitted a new draft that provided for an outdoor swimming pool for 12,000 visitors (which was abandoned in 1981) and a circular sports hall, which, however, still does not exist to this day. However, at the instigation of the allotment gardeners, this plan was stopped by the Mannheim Administrative Court in 1987 with ecological arguments. Since then, new sports facilities, club restaurants and three forest homes have been built (one Protestant, one Catholic and the former one of the workers' movement, which was originally located at the Neuwirtshaus train station, expropriated by the National Socialists and relocated to a replacement site on the Schlotwiese after the war) as part of a greatly reduced planning had been); some of the existing plants have been enlarged considerably. (See map and satellite view)

The end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century: modernization

This last phase of the Zuffenhausen town history, which lasted around 20 years, is characterized on the one hand by the further development of existing structures, but on the other hand by new concepts that try to take into account modern ideas of citizen participation, ecology, economic development, culture, sport, etc. Apart from the extensive measures for the lowering of the tram, which was completed in 2011, and the associated redesign of Emil-Schuler-Platz as the city center, most of these activities in the 21st century are less primarily structural than organizational and cooperative in nature.

These are the most important concepts and areas:

The further development of traffic calming through differentiated measures that try to defuse the serious fall of man, the autobahn-like B 10/27 through the middle of Zuffenhausen and thus to split the district in two halves, through accompanying measures such as noise protection, traffic calming, etc.
The modernization of local public transport , which at the same time enabled the city center to be reorganized by moving the tram into a tunnel, whereby the district town hall was given an even stronger central function with the redesign of Emil-Schuler-Platz by connecting to Unterländer Straße on one side and was intensified to the press place on the other side. After the opening of a modern service center since 2003, it now also presents itself as a contact point for citizens looking for information.
The construction of community facilities such as the renovated Zehntscheuer , the medical center or the business and cultural center on the lower station square, which was made possible by the new building of the station and now offers a library, music school, citizens' hall and adult education center. The former gymnasium of the Hohenstein School was converted into a festival and assembly hall. Overall, the possibilities of the schools, for example with regard to all-day lessons, have been continuously improved through extension buildings, including lessons for primary school students close to their homes, for example in Zazenhausen and Neuwirtshaus.
The further development of living and social life through the construction of new modern residential areas. In old residential areas, measures such as block gutting and modernization of the existing building with traffic calming have been carried out. In this context, expanded offerings for seniors and the improvement include the family environment, with particular attention to the needs of young people about through kindergartens, youth farms , youth social work , school social work , counseling centers of health and youth welfare, etc., all this, in cooperation with the clubs especially youth and sports clubs, but also interest groups for older citizens. The “Zuffenhausen 21” project with the “Schöneres Zuffenhausen” initiative was already being considered in the 1990s, in which the tunneling under Unterländer Straße was considered in order to set up a pedestrian zone, which has since been implemented, but with some cutbacks as far as the pedestrian zone is concerned (Restricting and slowing down through traffic, roundabout). The reorganization of Zuffenhausen West, a mixed area with industrial areas characterized by businesses such as Porsche, residential areas and the busy Schwieberdinger and Stammheimer Strasse, was tackled.

In the case of Rot, a district that had peaked in the 1960s with 17,000 inhabitants and is now constant at around 10,000, problems arose as they were and are often very typical for large residential areas designed on the drawing board (lack community facilities, renovation needs, social tensions). In autumn 2002, the district was registered for the nationwide funding program " Districts with Special Development Needs - the Socially Integrative City ", which primarily had an overall goal of renewing the building fabric and included all social, cultural, economic, ecological and urban development measures, active participation of the population was assumed. In 2003, a funding program of € 2.3 million was launched. The corresponding construction measures have been initiated or mostly completed, so that Red now has a modernized and citizen-friendly face and has a community center. In 2002, the first complete apartment block from the 1950s, when the Rot residential area was founded, was demolished.

The further development of citizen participation . This also includes the traditional “Fleckenfest”, which offers the associations the opportunity to present themselves and the citizens to meet with local politicians in an informal manner. The town partnership with La Ferté expanded this dimension internationally and brought the partners' associations and schools together.
Ecology : The renaturation of the Feuerbach with the valley meadows that it crosses as the green heart of Zuffenhausen was particularly important here. As part of a green plan , the large traffic structures are also to be integrated into the landscape, and bike paths and allotments are to be created. In 2003 a biotope network plan was initiated .
Sport: Sport received new impulses both on the Schlotwiese, in Zazenhausen and in Rot through the renovation, expansion and redesign of the facilities. On the Schlotwiese, 75% of the allotment gardens could be preserved, which has long been a heated argument between athletes and gardeners in courts. In the meantime, the Schlotwiese is a modern and diversely used sports area that is close to nature thanks to the forests adjacent on three sides, offers a home for numerous sports and also has a complementary recreational structure with the neighboring Waldheim restaurant and other restaurants, which is also special in the case of the Waldheim Has offers for children such as a children's leisure time and a forest climbing garden.
Art and culture : The Alfred Beck Hall at the train station and the Zehntscheuer now enable lectures, exhibitions, etc., so that the previously rather sparse cultural life in Zuffenhausen now has space to present itself due to the lack of suitable locations. The Hohensteinhalle even holds 450 people for larger events and has a stage. The hall of the centrally located Dietrich Bonhoeffer House can accommodate 200 visitors. The Pauluskirche has meanwhile also proven to be very suitable for concerts and is also widely used for rehearsals. Additional rooms for a differentiated cultural life are also available, so that a wide range of events of all kinds has gradually emerged.

Society, economy and infrastructure

For a long time and well into the 19th century, these factors were embedded in the normal developments of those periods and only differed selectively from those in other places. That changed with industrialization from the middle of the 19th century. Although the developments were similar here, too, there are stronger local deviations and special developments (for example with the Rotweg settlement and in the traffic situation) in terms of social factors and structures as well as political institutions, such as the development from a farming village to an independent one The city and from there to the district of Stuttgart were particularly explosive in Zuffenhausen and after the Second World War, due to the influx of refugees and later immigrant workers, it increased in dynamism again with all the structural disturbances and distortions that such a thing entails and that then have to be laboriously and laboriously corrected , which was only started towards the end of the 20th century and is still far from being completed.

Historical development: society and institutions

Political institutions

Political institutions in villages like Zuffenhausen, in the true sense of the word as more or less independent corporations or persons, did not exist until the end of the Middle Ages. The community organs, however, remained dependent on the ecclesiastical and secular owners and their interests for a very long time and achieved a real independence, which is above all a financial independence, basically only in the 19th century, especially in the wake of the French Revolution .

Origins in the Middle Ages

As an institution and not just as a location, the parish of Zuffenhausen appears historically and legally fixable for the first time in 1415 on the occasion of the decision of a dispute between the Bebenhausen monastery and the caretakers of the saints of Zuffenhausen, who administered the "saint", i.e. the property of the church in Zuffenhausen. The dispute involved a few fields. A court of arbitration was set up to arbitrate him . In addition to the three judges, Bebenhauser monks and a Stuttgart provost and his cellarius were also involved .

The most important municipal offices at that time were the mayor as the representative of the local court lord and head of the local administration. From this date onwards there are always documents about relevant court and administrative acts, which usually regulate property and organizational matters. In a document from 1493, the municipality itself appears as a decidedly politically active institution with mayor and court as representatives (it was about a loan with a deposit and a longer-term interest rate of 5%).

The so-called camp books are essential documents in which the residents themselves meet us with their duties, which they owe to the very different rulers . This includes the records of the possessions and the associated rights and income of a particular rulership, also known as “ land records” or “Salbuch”. The oldest of these stock records in which Zuffenhausen appears is that of Bebenhausen from 1356. At that time, the monastery was the largest manor in Zuffenhausen. Another, albeit much smaller, manorial estate was that of the Lorch monastery in the Remstal valley . The Esslingen hospital and the Counts of Württemberg also owned property in Zuffenhausen.

The camp books are the only sources that refer to individual residents and, with a few exceptions, only describe duties and no other personal living conditions. At least the names of two noble families that also existed in Zuffenhausen at that time have been handed down. A certain "Siboto von Zuffenhausen" was mentioned as early as 1293, and in 1331 a "Bertolt von Zuffenhausen" was mentioned as a monk of Bebenhausen.

Early modern age

View of Zazenhausen in 1682, from Andreas Kieser's forest inventory books. Zazenhausen was not added until 1956 when the city districts of Zuffenhausen were redistributed. View from the south from the Rotweg.

In the 16th century, Zuffenhausen had long been part of the Cannstatt Office , while Stammheim and at times also Zazenhausen were imperial knighthood places with Hans von Stammheim as the overlord. However, there were still intellectual property rights, and it was not until 1553 that the Duke of Württemberg was sole lord, so that the income in Zuffenhausen ( tenth ) was divided between him and the clergymen. All in all, one can observe a brisk back and forth regarding the property assignments.

The self-government powers of the community in Württemberg were based on traditional law at that time . The organs were still mayor, court and council, whereby a number of the respected citizens occupied these offices and carried out the administrative tasks and the judiciary connected with them as well as supervised the communal duties of the citizens, such as the structural maintenance of the roads and bridges, mostly in form a forced labor . Subordinate to the court was the council, partly elected by the citizens, partly appointed by the court, which in turn was elected by the council. The mayor of the villages presided over the magistrate made up of the court and council . (A similar magistrate constitution exists in Hesse to this day, while the mayor constitution is typical south of it .) The names and terms of office of some of these Zuffenhausen mayors between 1550 and 1618 are even known. The official seat was the Zuffenhausen town hall mentioned in 1574. A kind of basic law that regulated the affairs of daily life was the village book , first mentioned for Zuffenhausen in 1557 , which was an important evidence until the beginning of the 18th century and was probably identical to the stain register mentioned in 1538 . By 1610, Zuffenhausen consisted of around 80 residential buildings.

The Zehntscheuer , built in 1569 , which today has been rebuilt as a cultural center and meeting place for the district council.

During and after the Thirty Years' War and the three subsequent French Wars , Zuffenhausen came to the brink of depopulation several times and was largely destroyed, including the church and rectory, so that the administration had to be organized from Cannstatt for a time. Between 1619 and 1693 five mayors held office in Zuffenhausen with a term of office between 1 and 27 years. The municipal duties also included the maintenance of streets and paths. The costs were repeatedly disputed in court with neighboring communities (the files are still available).

In the 17th century , Zuffenhausen continued to belong to the Cannstatt Dean's Office, and between 1622 and 1690 there were six priests known by name in Zuffenhausen. The reconstruction of the rectory and church, which was destroyed in 1634 and for which the town hall had not been burned, was planned and started in 1642, but could not be completed until 1654 to 1658 due to new troop marches, after the duke personally received the income from the monastery and monastery Bebenhausen had transferred to the clerical administration in Cannstatt against his protest and thus facilitated the financing. Accordingly, the Cannstatter administration now also built a new tithe barn (a bricked-in stone refers to the year 1569). The half-destroyed school was also restored by 1661 and received a roof. In 1689 there were 63 children there who learned to read and write, as before they were looked after by a teacher who was also the sacristan. These schoolmasters are also known by name.

The administrative mechanisms stabilized further in the 18th century . The names of the mayors are just as well known as their terms of office. The same applies to the property of the municipality in buildings, areas and companies handed down through the Cannstatter stock books. It also lists the tasks of the municipality including participation in national defense and the duties of the residents such as compulsory service, road construction and the collection and payment of road tolls. The court files also provide relatively good information about the disputes with neighboring communities, especially often with Stammheim, especially when they sometimes led to the Reich Chamber of Commerce. Usually it was about financial or property rights, such as land and its use. There were also violent arguments with Cannstatt and Münster.

Late modern period (after the French Revolution) to 1945

In the 19th century , an administrative edict issued by King Wilhelm I of Württemberg in 1822 led to an extensive administrative reform at the community level with the institution of a community council and the citizens' committee controlling it (which was abolished in 1919). The Zuffenhausen municipal council had ten members, chaired by the mayor. The citizens' committee had eleven members. All male citizens with civil rights were entitled to vote. The municipal council was later reduced to nine members, which corresponded to the number of Zuffenhausen citizens from 1640.

The two committees as the bearers of local law and local government thus had 19 to 20 members, from 1899 onwards, the local council was chaired by the mayor , usually called the mayor . The members were elected by the citizens entitled to vote with a relative majority for six years. Those who received the fewest votes had to run again after two years, and another third after another two years. However, voter participation was mostly very bad, probably because the participating civic associations did not differ particularly in their programs. Since there was a minimum quorum of 50%, additional elections had to be held again and again. This situation only changed with the increasing political polarization caused by the SPD at the end of the 1890s and at the beginning of the 20th century, when there was a turnout of 85% in the citizens' committee elections of 1906. The elevation of Zuffenhausen to the city of 1907 did not fundamentally change the institutional mechanisms. However, the lack of a now representative town hall was sorely missed, because the local council still met in the former “Zur Krone” inn (corner of Ludwigsburger / Unterländer Straße), which the municipality acquired and rebuilt in 1846 for this purpose, but has since become much too small was, especially since the previous building had been demolished in 1898, so that it could no longer serve as an alternative accommodation. So other buildings were acquired that were then on the site of today's district town hall, namely the Pfandersche property and the “Zum Adler” inn, in order to be able to accommodate the administrative apparatus and the bourgeois colleges, which was constantly growing with the expansion of Zuffenhausen.

20th century: In 1919 the legal basis of the previous municipal constitution changed massively through the law on municipal electoral law and municipal representation, as well as the introduction of women's suffrage the year before. The citizens' committee was abolished. Cumulation and variegation in the elections in cities with less than 50,000 inhabitants was retained (that still exists today). The election was (and is still today) carried out as a strict list election according to the principle of proportional representation . German citizens of both sexes were entitled to vote after the age of 20, provided they had lived in the municipality for at least six months. The right to vote, previously linked to community membership, was therefore revoked. The right to stand for election to the municipal council began at the age of 25. The number of council members in Zuffenhausen was 24, half of them, those with the highest number of votes, had been elected for six years, the rest for three years.

The municipal council election of 1919 resulted in a majority of the seats in the municipal council for the DDP (12). The SPD received six seats and the USPD one, as did the Württemberg Citizens' Party ; the Catholic Center Party came away empty-handed. The partial elections three years later even resulted in a two-thirds majority of the bourgeois parties and at the same time marked a low point for the SPD. The municipal council elections of 1925 and 1928 did nothing to change this fundamental situation.

In the Stuttgart municipal council election, which was held shortly after the incorporation in 1931, after Karl Lautenschlager, supported by the conservatives and national liberals , had won the mayoral election against the NSDAP candidate and later NS mayor Karl Strölin , the NSDAP also appeared, although it had not yet was noticeable in terms of local politics and received 19.5% in Zuffenhausen, against 32.2% of the SPD and 18% of the KPD . However, of the 60 municipal councils in Stuttgart only 2 (1 SPD, 1 KPD) came from Zuffenhausen.

After the National Socialists came to power in 1933, all parties except the NSDAP lost their influence and were soon banned. The democratic self-government of the municipalities was abolished, the Stuttgart municipal council was switched off on March 18, 1933 and, like all other democratic institutions, degenerated into an acclamation body for deserving party members. The powers of the municipal council passed to the NSDAP State Commissioner Karl Strölin .

Modern and contemporary history since 1945

On April 21, 1945, the French occupied Zuffenhausen without a fight after the Wehrmacht had withdrawn under the threat of artillery attacks , the last remnants of the Nazi Volkssturm - 60-70 men under the command of the master baker Kübler - had laid down weapons and uniforms and the Nazis had Functionaries had fled, also because anti-fascists had banded together in Zuffenhausen and threatened: "Whoever fires a shot will be killed". The first anti-fascist combat committees were founded in Zuffenhausen on April 23, two days after the French had moved in.

In terms of local politics, the end of the Second World War in 1945 also marked the end of the political and administrative structures that were aligned during the Third Reich and that were completely central to Berlin. After the capitulation in 1945, it was replaced by the equally extensive monopoly of power of the Western Allied occupying powers with the Control Council as the highest authority.

The anti-fascist struggle committees also acted under this umbrella in Zuffenhausen , which later renamed themselves "working committees" and temporarily assumed administrative and police tasks at the lowest level and coordinated the work of the citizens (e.g. with the so-called rubble women ). However, their main task was to ensure food and shelter. However, with the approval of the French, a 40-man auxiliary police was set up, while a twelve-person committee assisted the administrative specialist Lindner, who was dismissed in 1933, with the practical work.

Emil Schuler was appointed first district mayor in Zuffenhausen in August, after the Americans had moved in the previous month and the French had withdrawn in the direction of Tübingen , after he had previously unofficially headed the local committee made up of mostly older notables, all of whom were politically active before 1933 and the majority of them belonged to left (SPD, KPD), liberal or moderately conservative parties ( Zentrum , DDP , Bauernbund ) or were non-party.

After the reorganization of the parties, however, tensions soon arose between the working committees and the new party headquarters as well as with the occupying power , which ultimately led to the self-dissolution of these bodies, first on May 10, 1946 in Zuffenhausen, and all power was again with the administration . The Stuttgart district constitution with district councils and Bezirksvorstehern as it exists today and if works (except advisory) without significant powers - which lie at the council and the mayor with his professional mayors - but is not conceivable without the then local and decentralized oriented working committees.

According to the will of the occupying power, from July 1945 the US Army, which replaced the French, democracy was to be rebuilt at the local level. At the end of August, parties were allowed again which, like the trade unions, had already formed beforehand. Arnulf Klett was appointed mayor and a community advisory council was appointed in October, which Klett largely ignored in favor of the administration, which promptly triggered violent clashes with veteran SPD community councilors. On May 26, 1946, the first free election in 13 years took place, in which the SPD achieved the best result with 34.6% (46% in Zuffenhausen), similar to the subsequent state and federal elections, in which the SPD, however, was defeated by the CDU with 29 to 31%. Emil Schuler achieved the best result in all of Stuttgart. Former NSDAP members had no active and passive right to vote.

After the new district constitution was passed, district advisory boards were set up in the city districts in March 1947 as advisory bodies based on the percentage of the election results in the respective district. In Zuffenhausen, the SPD won half of the seats (6). The municipal council election of December 7, 1947, in which half of the mandates were awarded for six years and the other half for three years according to the old method, brought hardly any changes, as did the election to the state constituent assembly (June 30, 1946) and the Election to the first state parliament (November 24, 1946). In order to loosen the parish's democratic life of its own and reactivate self-administration, District Mayor Emil Schuler immediately introduced an annual citizens' meeting in Zuffenhausen, which first took place in May 1947 at the Hohenstein School. Thanks to its activities, Zuffenhausen was able to build on and complete the development of the city district before 1933. The further development up to the present day then proceeded on this basis in calm democratic channels. When Emil Schuler died in 1953, Gustav Ohmenhäuser followed him from 1953 to 1967. From 1967 to 1979 Walter Frank served as district chairman. He was followed in 1980 by Wolfgang Meyle, who held the office until 2008. Gerhard Hanus has held this position since then.

Other social institutions

These were above all the churches and schools, the development of which paradigmatically reflects the development of society as a whole and which are therefore presented in more detail. Other relevant institutions were the associations and parties detailed below, as well as those involved in business.

Churches

The Protestant St. John's Church, which was rebuilt until 1654 after the Thirty Years' War and was then still consecrated to St. Hippolytus .

The Protestant parish in Zuffenhausen was initially still under the administration of the Cannstatter Dean's Office , and between 1719 and 1736, like the municipal administration, it was under the higher office of the newly created superintendent in Ludwigsburg. Confirmation was also introduced in this period in 1723 . Between 1690 and 1766 five pastors known by name officiated in Zuffenhausen. Under her aegis, among other things, the now dilapidated church, still consecrated to St. Hippolytus - the name was not changed to St. John's Church until 1903 - was renewed, especially the dilapidated tower, as well as the rectory; there were also new bells. The work dragged on until 1741. In 1764 and 1785 the church was renovated again and received a new bell in 1768 and 1776, since the old one had cracked, and an organ.

After a Royal Decree of 1851 and church elders had called parish councils are elected. Participation in this first election in Zuffenhausen was low, however, because of the 296 men eligible to vote, only 78 exercised their right to vote.

The old Johanneskirche had become much too small for the congregation with its 476 seats by the last third of the 19th century at the latest, and so from the 1890s they began to think about a renovation of the decaying building and also about a new building. Finally, in 1897, despite financial problems, the construction of the much larger Pauluskirche began, which was supposed to have at least 1,100 seats and the royal couple was even present at the inauguration in 1903.

After 1918, the Zuffenhausen parish consisted of three parishes after the enormous increase in population . Pastor Berner in particular committed himself in the Third Reich as part of the Nazi church struggle to the Nazi-subordinate so-called German Christians in the tradition of Protestant anti-Semitism or actually anti-Judaism , which Martin Luther had already mentioned in his 1543 publication “ Von den Jüden und iren Lügen "had propagated with proposals (synagogues, houses, schools, burn books, expropriate, lock in stables, death penalty for rabbis, ban economic activity, drive out forced labor, like crazy dogs), which were in no way inferior to the later Nazis have been put into practice by them. This theological anti-Semitism and anti-Judaism was only revised relatively half-heartedly in the Stuttgart confession of guilt of October 1945, and was also represented by Otto Dibelius and Martin Niemöller , and even by Dietrich Bonhoeffer with all his pity for the terrible fate of the Jews in the Third Rich. Adolf Hitler saw the German Christians, who in the near future mainly influenced Protestant life in Zuffenhausen, as being sent by God and tried to “de-Jew” Jesus and declare him an Aryan . The church elections in 1933 took place under Nazi control. The focus was on the controversy surrounding Pastor Gotthilf Schenkel , who had been arrested for his leftist sentiments and from whom the parish council had quickly distanced itself. In autumn 1933 the NSDAP began a campaign against the city pastor Völter, who was retired after massive pressure from the NSDAP local group leader on the deanery . However , the regional church resisted such maneuvers whenever possible, although its chairman, Regional Bishop Wurm , had been removed and placed under house arrest. After the factual failure of the German Christians up to 1935, however, all the pastors of the Evangelical Church in Zuffenhausen, including those who had previously been more loyal to the line, turned against the National Socialists, although the general attitude of the churches towards the Third Reich was rather ambivalent and like the unfortunate example of 1928 bis 1926 as pastor in Zuffenhausen, later identified Theodor Kappus, who later worked as dean in Ulm, still fluctuated "between adaptation and resistance", whereby the adaptation and approval of Nazi policy far outweighed the majority, even if the pastors' emergency union and the Confessing Church were essential, albeit from the Official churches were rather distant elements of the resistance.

In the meantime, the Catholic community had also developed strongly along with the economic upswing and over time needed its own church, which was consecrated to St. Antonius in 1902 and splendidly decorated with (no longer preserved) paintings in the Nazarene style . The Catholic parish of St. Antonius in Zuffenhausen was, however, much smaller than the Protestant one, and in 1933 just 2000 Catholics lived here. In addition, because of its orientation towards Rome, it was fundamentally far less independent than the Protestant one, and it was also bound by the Reich Concordat negotiated in 1933 . But the Diocese of Rottenburg , whose bishop Joannes Baptista Sproll was even expelled by the National Socialists in 1938 (whose business was continued by Auxiliary Bishop Franz Joseph Fischer, who was once active as parish administrator in Feuerbach and Zuffenhausen until 1945), kept its distance from the National Socialists and proceeded accordingly the local parish and its pastor. The DJK-Heim, built in 1929 on the Schlotwiese to compete with the SPD-Waldheim, was of particular importance. But like the workers' forest home before, it was also confiscated in 1936, especially since the Kolping family in particular had carried out a Catholic youth work there, which the Hitler Youth did not like. However, the youth work was carried on secretly by the Catholic clergy, even if there was a risk of house searches and Gestapo interrogations .

School system

In the middle of the 16th century, Zuffenhausen was given a school for the first time, which from 1559 also had a paid schoolmaster: Jörg Rörlin, who now officiated in the schoolhouse that had been built recently, initially taught five boys (girls were not allowed to school) and the office of Mesners provided.

The Zuffenhausen schoolmasters of the early modern period are also known. The first Zuffenhausen “celebrity” was even the son of one of these teachers: Christian Gottfried Elben , the founder of the newspaper “ Schwäbischer Merkur ”. In the course of the public building work in 1725/26, the old schoolhouse was also renewed, as the dilapidated old one increasingly turned out to be too small for the now 140 students who were studying there after the dramatic decline during the French invasions. In consideration of the agricultural pollution of the children, there was a summer and a winter school, the latter meanwhile 8 am and 10 am and between 12 pm and 3 pm. The summer school lasted from 6 a.m. to 8 a.m. and for the not yet working children from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Afternoon classes were for everyone between 12 p.m. and 2 p.m. In 1789 the number of pupils had risen from around 110 in winter and 100 in summer to 169 in winter and 153 in summer, so that in 1809 a new school building had to be built. The teaching method previously based on discipline and order was slowly replaced by the new Pestalozzian method at the end of the 18th century . Incidentally, one of the best-known names among the schoolmasters was that of Carl Silcher, father of Friedrich Silcher . Carl Silcher, both pedagogically and musically gifted, took up the position of a commissioner in Zuffenhausen in 1774, a kind of young teacher in training. He stayed until 1782 and in 1783 married the Zuffenhausen saddler's daughter Hedwig, who gave birth to his son Phillip Friedrich in 1789 in Schnait , where he was now schoolmaster.

The Elementary School Act of 1836 brought an important innovation. It stipulated that children between 6 and 14 years of age were required to attend school . Sunday school had to be attended until the age of 18 if no secondary school was attended. Although the law emphasized the character of the state school, school supervision was still the responsibility of the clergy. However, the scope of the curriculum has now been expanded through the acquisition of basic skills (reading, writing, arithmetic) and religious content through the so-called "realities", that is, science-oriented subjects, in particular natural history and geography. Teacher training, which was previously more of a practical craft, has now become more demanding and the pay better.

In Zuffenhausen it was now divided into several classes, and in 1846 there were four school classes with 420 children, which were taught by a schoolmaster, two sub-teachers and an assistant. In addition, however, so-called “children's industrial schools” had existed since 1820, in which children, especially girls, were taught the practical skills they would need for domestic work, preferably seasonally. The pastor and his wife were in charge of supervision. In 1851, a toddler school for children from three years of age was opened (i.e. a kindergarten ), which was surprisingly popular with over 100 children, despite the obligation to pay.

Economy and Social

Economy and economic history

Peasant calendar around 1470 based on a text by Pietro Crescenzi from 1306. It shows the main activities for the respective month.

The Rebmann. Woodcut from: Jost Amman (1539–1591); first time Frankfurt am Main in 1568; also known as: The Book of Status.

middle Ages

Economic foundations and structures: Structurally, the heap village dominated medieval southwest Germany , just as Zuffenhausen was one. The most important features were the Gewannflur and above all the three-field economy , which displaced older forms of cultivation in the High Middle Ages . It was not until around the 11th century that hamlets and farm groups developed into villages, as the late Middle Ages then recorded as typical.

As in Zuffenhausen, the corridor of such a clustered village was divided into three ring-shaped layers extending from the settlement. The inner area comprised the settlement itself, the courtyards with gardens and residential buildings. In many cases, also in Zuffenhausen, as old illustrations show, this area was separated from the next ring by a village fence or a hedge, the Etter , which formed the actual field with fields and meadows. The outer ring up to the actual village boundary consisted of communally used common areas , mostly meadows and loose forests. The Feldflur could also again in the parts Sommerfeld, winter field and fallow be divided, which in turn were separated by fences, so-called. Zelgen or Ösche. Several parcels of parcels were combined into tubs within each tent, so that each farmer had around a third of his farmland in each tent, which was used alternately for summer and winter grain or as fallow land, so that the available land could be used effectively. The last remnants of this three-field economy mostly disappeared in the 19th century when artificial fertilization and new methods of cultivation with forage plants, beets and potatoes emerged. At that time mainly spelled , rye , emmer , oats and barley were grown , while legumes, mostly lentils and vegetables were grown in the gardens . Hemp and flax were used for textile production. Viticulture was widespread, especially at times during the medieval climatic optimum between 1000 and 1300.

Working with a harrow and hook plow was laborious, especially since not all of them had draft animals . One grain of seed yielded three to four grains of harvest (today approx. 1:60 and more). The farmers not only had to give their tithe to the landlord , they also had to siphon off the seeds. Livestock farming was mainly pasture farming, stables were only kept in winter and as far as the fodder could reach. The surplus animals, especially pigs, were then slaughtered and provided for food in winter. For this pig was Waldweide very important. However, especially with the forest pasture, there were often disputes, as evidenced by many for Zuffenhausen, since the forests belonged directly to the gentlemen who wanted to participate in its use. Increasing damage to game from game and restriction of the use of the forest by farmers were then also the cause of the growing dissatisfaction of the farmers towards their masters, who still had the right to hunt over them and who used it more and more with the advent of the large royal courts , often punishing poachers draconian.

The main sources of income for the inhabitants of Zuffenhausen were arable and viticulture as well as cattle breeding (cattle, pigs and sheep) and forestry, as far as the forest was communal (approx. 500 acres , approx. 150–250 hectares , today 58 hectares) until the 19th century . . Mainly grain was grown on the municipality mark as part of a three-field economy . The wine was of particular importance. The taxes had to be paid in kind until the tithe redemption in the middle of the 19th century, when all taxes were converted into monetary contributions. Above all, the Bebenhausen monastery received high income from Zuffenhausen in the form of wine as early as the Middle Ages. Over the use of non-communal forests as forest pastures arose again and again.

As in every other village, there were always all kinds of landlords and craftsmen in Zuffenhausen , i.e. bakers, coopers , bricklayers, blacksmiths, tailors, Wagner and carpenter, plus a brickworks because of the clayey soil. A shopkeeper was also temporarily resident. The mill and wine press also belonged to the Bebenhausen monastery, as evidenced by a certificate for the mill from 1293, as well as the stock book from 1356. Other owners who benefited from the village's production were the Esslingen hospital, the Lorch monastery and the Counts of Württemberg, who also succeeded in taking over the Bebenhausen monastery in the 15th century, so that all official rights were now transferred to them, as well as part of the income. Where these landowners did not manage themselves, they also made profits from leases. This in turn later led to the outbreak of the Peasant Wars under Duke Ulrich at the beginning of the 16th century , when he tried to pay off his increasing debts by increasing the taxes on the peasants and reducing weights and measures.

Early modern age

The Thirty Years' War brought about a dramatic collapse in the economy . From 1634 onwards, massive economic damage was caused by troop movements and billeting. In addition, the plague and acts of war as well as the flight of the inhabitants had decisive negative effects. Even after the end of the war, the economy only recovered slowly, even if the fallow land was now increasingly being cultivated again, as the accounting lists of the external owners show. The handicraft recovered one of the fastest after the population was replenished by immigration and returnees, and between 1650 and 1692 baptismal records and death records show the following craftsmen: bakers , carters, kesslers , cooper, painters and plasterers, bricklayers, butchers, blacksmiths , Tailors, carpenter, shoemaker, wagner, weaver, innkeeper, miller. Soon there were also rich Zuffen houses again, albeit very poor ones , who often drove their lives stranded in the local poor house , and those with high debts.

The French invasion at the end of the 17th century had once again caused severe damage to agriculture, but afterwards things quickly picked up again, because the tax estimate of 1702 already mentions around 1286 acres of cultivated land for Zuffenhausen and only 11 acres of fallow arable land. In 1716/17 no fallow land was found, not even in the vineyards. At the beginning of the 18th century , maize, the so-called "Welschkorn", was also grown as a new fruit , which was already a small tithe in 1734 (everything that was not a large tithe, i.e. cattle and grain); For this purpose, the potato was introduced into Württemberg by Waldensian refugees in particular , and it soon replaced the inferior legumes. Sheep farming was widespread and the community had its own “sheep house”. Crafts and trade also flourished, there was a large mill and several inns, including the first, mentioned by name in 1703, the "Hirsch". The difficulties often associated with economies, such as fights and prostitution, have also been extensively documented. The daughter of one of the hosts of the Sun host, later became the grandmother of Friedrich Silcher , because her daughter Hedwig Hein Rica married Zuffenhäuser Sattler Christian speaker, the future wife of Carl Silcher and mother of the composer, her only surviving child, then in Schnait to World came. The “Sonne” inn, where Silcher's mother grew up, is still there today along with a “Silcherstüble”. Later, from 1858, it served as accommodation for up to eight mentally ill people, looked after by Andreas Frank. How long the "Franksche Insane Asylum" stayed there can no longer be determined from the files preserved today.

Late modern times and modern times

Even in the 19th century , according to a description by the Ludwigsburg Oberamt from 1859, rural and manual employment was predominant. Agriculture made progress in terms of cultivation methods and fruit choices. The livestock and dairy industry was also important. The wine, however, was considered to be in need of improvement. Poultry farming gained in importance towards the middle of the 19th century.

There were several stone quarries, a wine press, mill and oil mill as well as a broad spectrum of apparently prosperous craftsmen, as well as wage earners, some of whom also earned their bread outside the village as service land, servants or day laborers, not least on the railroad and in the quarries or the Brick factory.

Particularly characteristic of Zuffenhausen in the 19th century, however, is the social change associated with the industrial revolution from a village-like, craft-based population with a predominantly rural subsistence economy and rather little supra -local trade to a working-class population in dependent employment with a strong increase in mainly medium-sized companies Trade. Over the decades, the place has become an industrial location with a strong character as a working-class town with a politically left-wing tradition. The Oberamtsbeschreibung from 1859 still depicts Zuffenhausen as an idyllic village, albeit with facilities for further development. With 2002 inhabitants, it took the first place among the villages in the district. It already showed urban trains. According to the land map of 1827 ( Württemberg land survey ), the settlement had already slightly crossed Ludwigsburger Strasse in a westerly uphill direction. In 1869 the municipal budget was 3,600 guilders (approx. 140,000–180,000 €). The crime rate had risen sharply, which the responsible mayor blamed on the numerous immigrants.

The first signs of the beginning industrialization of the place appeared relatively early. After the ducal hunting lodge on the Schlotwiese was demolished in 1819 and the area was sold to the Evangelical Brethren Congregation Korntal , they set up a so-called child rescue center for poor and neglected children there in 1828, in which 40 children up to the age of six years have been running since 1833 who were “stopped” to work in a silkworm farm that was also housed here. Schlotwieser silk was a profitable product and production expanded rapidly. When the children were moved to the old factory building of the Schüle company in Korntal in 1846, the company converted the building into a textile factory for the production of Manchester fabrics. With this first Zuffenhausen factory , the first steam engine also came to Zuffenhausen; it made 20 hp. There were a total of 25 steam-powered looms.

The second industrial company to settle in Zuffenhausen was the Rominger glass factory (later Böhringer & Co.) in 1865, which was the first to attempt to use the Zuffenhausen train station for a siding, albeit unsuccessfully.

Evangelical Pauluskirche, built around 1903, ie before the city elevation in 1907. Its representative architecture reflects the self-confidence and the economic and financial potential of the Zuffenhäuser, thanks to the industry, which however did not last. Before the incorporation in 1931, Zuffenhausen was practically bankrupt (main reason for the voluntary incorporation). Here is the current view from 2011 with the renovated Emil-Schuler-Platz as the new city center.

After a relatively slow start, further industrial settlements followed one another relatively closely, so that the commercial development in Zuffenhausen corresponds on a small scale to the development of Württemberg on the way from an agricultural state to an industrial state. Naturally, they mainly took place along the railway line that had existed since 1846, where several industrial areas were created, a structure that has been preserved to this day. The prosperous municipality, characterized by a strong increase in population, was elevated to a town in 1907 after two censuses had shown that the population now exceeded 10,000 (municipality 1st class).

The development of the population was as follows:

1863: 1885, 2015, 1895, pp. 3828: 5700, 1900: 7682, 1905: 10.036, 1928: 15.455, 1931: 15.622. Between 1935 and 1939 the population increased again by 3000 to almost 21,000 due to the strong industrial settlements. The creed was predominantly Protestant. The population increased eightfold between the founding of the Reich and the Nazi era, at times the highest increase among all Württemberg municipalities.

The most important industrial settlements after the two above were:

Until 1868 in addition to Rominger the steam brick Knecht and the oil mill Veil, 1873 the tar factory Burck, 1875 the company Blessing for agricultural machinery (from 1904 iron furniture factory Lämmle) as the first Zuffenhausen factory with world renown, also internationally important company Beer & Siegel ( grist mills and Buttermachines), 1880 Fa. Zahn & Nopper (iron and steel dealers), 1882 the machine works Kiefer, 1896 the iron foundry Kuhn (afterwards Parkett-Frank, today Autohaus Staiger), the chair factory Julius Veith, which was representative of the local carpentry trade, the The leather factory Sihler & Co. in 1897 and a branch of the J. Sigle shoe factory, which was built by Rothschild on Schwieberdinger Strasse, in 1898 the rag sorting facility of Moritz Horkheimer (father of the famous philosopher Max Horkheimer ), 1897/98 the Leather factory in Zuffenhausen, 1906 the metal wire factory Kreidler , 1910 the iron foundry Schuler, on whose premises later the shipping company H. v. In 1918, Wirth set up the paint and varnish factory Karl Wörwag , which today produces industrial coating materials.

The railway lines enabled workers to easily commute to the surrounding industrial towns such as Ludwigsburg, Stuttgart, etc., and Zuffenhausen was finally transformed from a rural community to a workers' community. A correspondingly brisk construction activity testifies to this, and from 1870 the place grew further and further west over Ludwigsburger Straße towards the train station, whereby a chessboard-like arrangement of the settlement was created. In 1898, a weekly market was also introduced by resolution of the local council.

In the 20th century , the industrialization of Zuffenhausen continued. The Hirth Motoren GmbH, which settled here in the first half of the century and was later taken over by Heinkel , as well as the close proximity to the Robert Bosch GmbH company and other local, armament-important technology companies such as the Kolb company (aircraft engines) made the city the preferred target of Allied air raids during the Second World War also killed many of the several thousand inmates of the local five forced labor camps .

After the end of the war in 1945 , there was a massive population increase in Zuffenhausen in the first two decades, which was based on a dynamic economic upswing, which was initially also fed by the currency reform of 1948 and the Marshall Plan , which contributed to the so-called economic miracle of the 1950s. Years led. The number of jobs rose sharply, because local companies expanded, others moved their headquarters from the city center to Zuffenhausen and new companies settled, so that the industrial area in the northwest was greatly expanded and consolidated. Especially automotive industry (Porsche), Electrical - and telecommunications ( C. Lorenz , Mix & Genest or its successor company Standard Elektrik Lorenz ) and the more medium- structured engineering were represented, such as Behr, to companies like Wörwag (paints). At the same time, the scope of farming in Zuffenhausen decreased enormously, mainly because of the large loss of land, and the village had finally become a town.

The three-wheeled Heinkel cabin scooter manufactured in Zuffenhausen in the mid-1950s , here as Heinkel 154, 1957

New Porsche Museum, opened in 2009, here view at night

Today Zuffenhausen u. a. Headquarters of the automobile manufacturer Porsche , the telecommunications supplier Alcatel-Lucent and the construction company Wolff & Müller . As a whole, Zuffenhausen is an important business and workplace location, not only as the headquarters of global companies, but also of their branches and numerous medium-sized and small businesses, while the global company Dürr AG is now only represented by a branch. The focus is on the manufacturing industry and far less on the service sector . However, long-established companies have also disappeared in the last few decades, such as Scharpf , Sümak, Zaisser, Kreidler or Bodenmüller. At the Porsche company, the largest business tax payer in Stuttgart, a new, artistically designed space at the Neuwirtshaus S-Bahn stop and a representative center was created at the same time as the Porsche Museum. Today, Zuffenhausen is the district with one of the highest proportions of migrants in the population.

The Zuffenhausen economy organized itself into several associations early on :

Beginnings:

In 1872 the Zuffenhausen trade association, which founded both a commercial training school in 1898 and a bank in 1922: the credit cooperative industrial and commercial bank Zuffenhausen, from which later the “Volksbank Zuffenhausen” emerged.
The establishment of a consumer association began in 1900. There was also a loan office soon.
A Zuffenhäuser Wirtsverein existed since the 90s of the 19th century.

Today there are mainly:

Confederation of Self-Employed BDS. Since 1909 the Zuffenhausen trade and trading association , founded in 1872 (123 traders, 1900: 244 individual and 376 multi-person businesses), dissolved by the National Socialists in 1933, re-established in 1951
In 1997 the Stuttgart-Rot Trade and Industry Association was founded, which supported the Social City Initiative with several other associations.

Social conditions and political developments

The village middle ages

The social structure of Germany in the high Middle Ages was fundamentally different from today's. Just as economic life was broken down into many small units that exchanged little with one another, the emphasis in society was on small, close associations and on direct personal relationships. The social conditions in medieval Zuffenhausen were in any case typical for a village of that time, they are therefore presented in more detail above in connection with the historical and economic development.

If one takes the tripartite division of society into clergy, nobility and peasants or craftsmen as a basis, with the first two groups in particular being very heterogeneous in terms of power and property, two factors were absolutely decisive here: the influence of the owner and the Church, both of which were often identical. Both ensured a relatively stable social system for many centuries, which apart from natural factors, such as those mainly determining rural economy, or the occurrence of disasters such as the plague or climatic and other natural disasters, was determined by the corresponding dependencies of the inhabitants.

However, core size was the family with the head of the household, the actual family group included all individuals who lived in a house, including servants and serfs, and the total turn as a hearing was under a feudal lord. The number of free people was small. In addition, there were clan associations , here and there guilds and the early forms of the village cooperative, which grew into powerful organizations in the cities, especially in the later Middle Ages. All social relationships were based on this basic pattern, which changed only very slowly in the course of the Middle Ages, with the ties to the landlords weakening over time and increasingly village communities being formed.

There were different levels and designations for the legal relationship of the peasants , such as bonded , own, serf or subject to interest. The tithe , which was originally only due to the churches for their maintenance, had to be paid by all peasants, including the free ones. The achievements of the farmers to their landlords were varied and ranged from in kind to labor, such as labor, of all kinds and for all situations from birth, marriage to death. Social advancement and descent of individuals was rare in this rigid system, but it did happen, even for the nobility. Marriages were purely economic; the position of women was below that of men; she had no legal capacity and could not own property. The individual stepped back behind the community, a situation that persisted into the 18th century. The needy were largely dependent on the church , but there was no right to alms , but there was help from neighbors and landlords for individual needs, albeit limited in terms of space and scope, and help that had to fail completely in cases of collective need .

Early modern age

The social conditions in Zuffenhausen, especially with regard to finances and the distribution of wealth, were already very modern in the early modern period. This also applies to familiar current facts, because as early as 1591 a compilation of the private and public debts of Zuffenhausen shows a not inconsiderable sum. In addition to debtors with landed property, there were also some dispossessed alms recipients living in Zuffenhausen at the end of the 16th century, as well as numerous foreign beggars who had brought the convenient transport connections here. The alms were collected by the church and given in kind (bread, etc.) to the poor house, which was built early on, with a grant from the Cannstatt Office. In 1609, six people in need received such gifts. However, there were also very rich Zuffenhäuser, as inheritance reports show, which show high sums of up to 8,000 pounds of Heller (today approx. 230,000 €.)

Hardly, however, had the population recovered from the plight of the Thirty Years' War and achieved a low level of prosperity, when the French Wars in the last quarter of the 17th and early 18th centuries brought new misery. Zuffenhausen was again particularly affected by its convenient location, as many beggars and refugees passed through here, especially in 1693/94, and found accommodation in the poor house, which was replaced by a new building in 1709. The financing of the poor welfare through the monthly alms money to be paid by the inhabitants proved to be a problem again and again until 1750, partly because of the widespread poverty in the village, but partly also because of the avarice of some wealthy people.

Legal system: Simpler offenses were tried by the village court, more severe by the court of the district town (here Cannstatt). Fines and prison sentences were common. There were frequent inheritance disputes, which sometimes went through the full court route. The chief judge was the duke.

The internal social conditions after the Thirty Years' War were marked by the decline of "morality and morality" with a certain brutalization of morals, which were punished by sometimes high penalties up to the death penalty, depending on the gravity of the offense, sometimes at the village level, sometimes higher Instances, for example, through the Vogtgericht or the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, which could also impose censorship measures such as the compulsion to attend church or the prohibition to profane Sunday.

The church convention and village court were also responsible for punishing minor offenses in the 18th century, while larger ones were dealt with by the Cannstatter Vogtgericht as before. Here too, Cannstatt was initially responsible, then Ludwigsburg between 1718 and 1739. Child murder by single people was frequent here, in order to avoid their social ostracism. Mentally ill people were also gladly tried as criminals. Torture was as common as superstition and related crimes. The death penalty was sometimes imposed for minor offenses such as theft.

Health care: A barber or surgeon acted as a doctor , both manual professions. The Cannstatter official physician was responsible for the not uncommon serious illnesses . Child mortality was high, but the population increased steadily in the 16th century, a development that was only interrupted by the plague at the end of the century. The plague occurred relatively frequently, and a particularly severe epidemic was rampant in 1594. At that time, 360 people allegedly died in Zuffenhausen. Many residents fled. Miracle healers and natural healers also appeared, whom the church in particular was very critical of.

Fortunately, there were no more epidemics in Württemberg in the 18th century, but there were always smaller epidemics. Therefore, older ages beyond the age of 80 were also reached. Medical care in general was greatly improved. In Zuffenhausen, out of a total population of 800 to 900 people, around 33 children were born annually in 1800, who were cared for by two midwives and one helper.

Departure of the Ulmer Schachteln. Painting by Michael Zeno Diemer .

The population development was irregular. The number of communicants fell from 400 to 278 between 1580 and 1599 because of the plague, but in 1621 there were again 514 people living in Zuffenhausen, not least due to marriage and immigration from neighboring villages. By 1760 the number of inhabitants rose to 648. In the 18th century , however, the first emigrants were recorded, but there were also immigrants, so in 1732 around 250 Salzburg exiles moved through Zuffenhausen, who were evacuated from their Austrian homeland in the course of the Counter-Reformation had expelled.

The first wave of emigration in the 19th century was triggered by the hunger crisis of 1816/17. Three Zuffenhausen emigrants have come down to us here; a total of around 34,000 people left their homeland in southwest Germany at that time, mainly for south-eastern Europe. The so-called Ulmer boxes on the Danube are best known here to this day .

Many more set out 40 to 50 years later, this time mainly for America; overall this resulted in a population decrease of 7% in the southwest. The reason was again a famine, which after bad harvests between 1845 and 1847 had already led to the revolution in 48 and now let many people seek their salvation, especially in the United States. However, since Zuffenhausen was a wealthy place that had no debts and cared for the poor well, this phenomenon was not so pronounced here. However, in 1852/54 there were a number of families who moved to North America with support from the community (between 30 and over 100 guilders, because that was cheaper than supporting them for years). In Zuffenhausen, however, it was mostly unmarried people (1854: 20) who sold their belongings and took away the money they had obtained. In contrast to other German states, these emigrations were legal in Württemberg; However, a civil rights waiver had to be signed so that highly indebted people avoided this act and emigrated illegally. The number of people who left southwest Germany between 1815 and 1870 is estimated at around 500,000. But even after the period of the greatest waves of emigration, emigration continued on a large scale for economic reasons.

Serfdom: Every citizen in Zuffenhausen received a truckload of wood as part of community services. As a rule, serfs had difficult access to such services and to civil rights in general . Serfdom, which was not slavery, but a protective and protective relationship in which the body owner represented and protected the serfs in legal matters, was inherited through women and only abolished in the 19th century; it was of great economic importance until the 18th century and was not abolished in Württemberg until 1817 (in Baden as early as 1782/83).

19th and 20th centuries

In particular, the industrialization that began in the 19th century changed the character of Zuffenhausen massively, because the agricultural village became a city characterized by industry and workers' settlements, which initially also offered workers cheap housing and was connected to the surrounding area by the railway lines. But not only the housing, road and factory construction, also the construction of the local power station in 1899, which Zuffenhausen also brought in an albeit unstable and imperfect electrical street lighting, and the gas works offered enough jobs. The same applies to the expansion of the water supply, which, however, including the sewage treatment plant, was not completed until 1917.

The political consequences of these massive structural changes were considerable and, in addition to an almost reputation-damaging insecurity on the streets of Zuffenhausen, with fights and the like, especially in the rise of the trade union movement and the SPD , which became one of the in a short time , especially after the end of the socialist laws in 1890 most important parties in Zuffenhausen grew up. However, a clear party-political structure did not develop in Zuffenhausen until the last decade of the 19th century. Before and in some cases for many years afterwards, the active, politically active Zuffenhäuser were organized in associations, which were mostly called civic associations and were defined by their geographical location, i.e. upper and lower villages, north or south. These associations also created the lists of proposals for the elections to the municipal council and the citizens' committee. Eligible were only those who were male ( women's suffrage only since 1918/19) and in possession of civil rights, which initially excluded many workers, since they postponed the acquisition of these rights, not least for reasons of cost and time. The general political orientation in the municipality was accordingly strongly liberal , and it took a relatively long time for political associations such as so-called people's associations and parties to stabilize. In addition to liberals, national liberals and social democracy, the Federation of Farmers , founded in 1893/94, was increasingly organized at the local level.

From the very beginning, however, the Zuffenhausen Social Democracy , which was founded as the “Zuffenhausen Workers' Association” in 1889, that is, at the time of the Socialist Laws, played a special role . She was watched suspiciously by the authorities long after the socialist laws were repealed, and the members had to endure all kinds of repression such as house searches etc. Nevertheless, the SPD regularly achieved dream results of around or over 50% in Reichstag and state parliament elections. Even in 1930 towards the end of the Weimar Republic , the SPD received a third of all votes in the Reichstag elections in competition with the NSDAP . The reason for these successes was the excellent organizational structure of the SPD with the establishment of new local associations such as in Stammheim in 1899. In addition, the connection to the workers' associations was very strong and, among other things, brought about the first strike in Zuffenhausen (the carpenter) in 1896 . Other clubs were also founded, such as youth clubs, choirs, savings and consumer associations, friends of nature and gymnastics association , which even laid out its own sports grounds with Waldheim in 1925/26 .

At the municipal level in Zuffenhausen , however, things looked different, as the SPD was the only party to compete with the established civic associations and usually only landed in second or third place and sent few representatives to the municipal council. This became particularly clear in 1909 in the first election for the new municipal council after the city was raised, when three allied civil associations passed all the candidates, but the SPD did not pass a single one. It stayed that way in the Weimar Republic, especially since the SPD was weakened by the split of the left-wing extremist USPD and a leading role for the SPD was permanently prevented at all levels.

traffic

The Schwieberdinger Straße, which now passes the Porsche company, exactly follows an old Roman road. Porsche is therefore on a road that is almost 2000 years old and used.

Southwest Germany towards the end of the 2nd / beginning of the 3rd century AD. Map of the Limes hinterland (agri decumates) with civilian settlements and roads. You can see the Roman roads branching northwest of Cannstatt, which led through the Zuffenhausen district, including today's B 10.

Prehistoric and early historical path and road connections

They had not yet been prepared, but merely groomed through frequent use. As early as the Neolithic Age , two ancient paths presumably used for the flint trade crossed near Zuffenhausen :

A west-eastern one, coming from the Pforzheimer area, led via the Höfingen and Ditzingen route to Korntal and Neuwirtshaus and from there via Rot into the Neckar valley to the Neckar valley to Hofen and on to Schmiden and Waiblingen .
A north-south , coming from Bietigheim and the Hohenasperg , led past Stammheim (today Freihofstrasse) and Zuffenhausen to the west and whose course coincides with Neckarsulmer Strasse, the "Alten Postweg". Via the “Schlotwiese / Schelmenwasen” area, it then led on to the “Feuerbacher Heide” and over the “Kriegsberg”, crossed the swampy Stuttgart valley and climbed to the Bopser and the Filder .

Both paths may have crossed in the Stammheimer- and Adestrasse area, a crossroads that must have been of enormous importance at the time.

Roman and post-Roman transport links

Two Roman roads have crossed the Zuffenhausen district for 2000 years . When the Romans ruled southern Germany, the main roads in particular were built as so-called artificial roads for the first time , and the highways as military roads , which were laid out in a straight line and safe from flooding, mostly led over plateaus in order to bypass the swampy floodplain. Waters were crossed over bridges, smaller ones in fords . The regional and supraregional road network was now much denser than before. Farms and arable land were developed in this way. Some of the main Roman streets still exist today, for example the street Pragsattel - Schwieberdingen - Vaihingen / Enz. It led from the provincial capital Mainz to Cannstatt and on to Heidenheim, making it the most important road in the region.

On the Zuffenhausen district , it follows Burgunderstraße and the railway embankment from north to south to Heilbronner Straße and was probably a new line branching off the prehistoric street towards Schwieberdingen along today's B 10.

Another, smaller road led from the Cannstatter Fort north over the Burgholzhof and the Rotweg towards Zazenhausen to Kornwestheim , where it split into a branch leading to Fort Wahlheim and Fort Benningen . There must also have been connecting roads between the major streets.

Roman roads continued to be used until they fell into disrepair. Some medieval imperial roads followed their course, for example in the course of Schwieberdinger Strasse. However, these roads were by far not as carefully built as the Roman ones and often only dirt roads with a small amount of stones, the use of which was not entirely harmless and in any case very uncomfortable. It was only at the turn of the 17th to the 18th century that technical road construction began again in France. As a result, the old high roads and other old roads lost their meaning. With the construction of the Stuttgart - Ludwigsburg - Bietigheim road, the old Urweg past Stammheim and Hohenasperg becomes a neighborhood path. In Zuffenhausen, the current Ludwigsburger Strasse is the first bypass to be built, which, after the massive expansion of the town to the west in the 19th century, now runs right through the middle of the district, so that a new bypass is finally available for this old bypass in the course of the B 10/27 became necessary.

Middle Ages and early modern times

Most important for Zuffenhausen and to this day it has always been the trunk road over Prague since Roman times . It moved from the Netherlands via Frankfurt with branches to Speyer and Strasbourg through Heilbronn to Stuttgart and then on via Esslingen am Neckar and Ulm south to Venice, where there were also branches to Nuremberg and via Herrenberg in Switzerland. It crossed the Stuttgart area between the Cannstatter Becken and Stammheim as a pass road over the Pragsattel west of Zuffenhausen. Pragstrasse has not only been important as a trade route since ancient times, but also as a military route. While this road brought good business in peacetime, Zuffenhausen suffered from marching through troops, looting and billeting in times of war. The repairs to be carried out on a regular basis, which are documented and had to be carried out with community funds and compulsory labor, were a burden. However, the income from a customs station on the Zuffenhausen district contributed to the financial relief, from which there were ducal subsidies.

The old local road to and through Zuffenhausen initially ran to the right of the Feuerbach at the foot of the slope of Krailenshalde, Vorderberg and Wanne. It has been preserved as a path to this day and crosses the Feuerbach at the Brunnenwiesen on a bridge, then led through Hofäckerstraße, the former Stuttgarter Gässle to Marbacher Straße, which runs through the village center, and continues past the current cemetery, where the paths to Zazenhausen, Kornwestheim and Stammheim separated.

Late modern times and modern times

The old Roman road on the Pragsattel today.

The daily traffic jam before the end of the four-lane B 10/27 in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen, which cuts through the middle as an elevated road parallel to the multi-track Zuffenhausen railway line .

19th and 20th centuries: The decisive factor was the construction of the railway with the postal expedition , which King Wilhelm I had already considered in 1830, five years before the construction of the first German railway line between Nuremberg and Fürth. In 1843 the first railway law was passed with the aim of connecting the state capital with Ludwigsburg and Esslingen, and later with the other cities of the state. In 1844, therefore, intensive negotiations were conducted with a total of 36 owners about the purchase of land necessary for the railway line, with land owned by the municipality being made cheaper or given away free of charge. There was another dispute in 1845 about the necessary bridge construction for the railway line running through the western area. It was finally decided to run the route across Stammheimer Strasse. On December 15, 1846, a train finally stopped in Zuffenhausen for the first time. It ran four times a day and was particularly popular with Korntal residents. A postal expedition was added in 1855. With the opening of the Black Forest Railway from Zuffenhausen to Calw (-Nagold-Horb) in 1868, Zuffenhausen received a larger station, which then existed together with the technical installations and buildings until the middle of the 20th century and was replaced by a new building in 1982, including the whole The station area could be generously redesigned.

Modern traffic routes: Already since the beginning of the 20th century and with it the preliminary phase of the later mass motorization , attention had been repeatedly drawn to the fact that Zuffenhausen, as the northern gateway, would presumably have to do with major and difficult to solve traffic problems in the future and would result in a potential bottleneck, what then unfortunately confirmed. The major road construction projects of the last few decades could in no way solve the ongoing issue of traffic and the associated noise and environmental pollution, and in some cases even exacerbated them, as the new routing of the federal highways B 10 and B 27 developed into a traffic axis, some of which along it as an elevated road the railway line, the previous division of Zuffenhausen by the railway line massively reinforced and the local recreation and sports area on the Schlotwiese even more severely cut off from the city center. The north vorbeiführende motorway A 81 now leads also to the fact that especially the truck traffic here often leaves the highway and the wide highway bypass around Stuttgart shortens, while crossing the urban area and only at Wendlingen back on the A8 arrives before Especially since the introduction of the motorway toll, a preferred abbreviation for heavy goods traffic, also for reasons of economy . In many places, elaborate noise protection devices, often won by citizens' initiatives, have been installed, as well as stations for measuring air quality, with continuous immission measurements since 1981 . The B 10/27 turned out to be a motorway-like double federal road, not least because of the strong increase in traffic since 1980, which soon led more traffic into Zuffenhausen instead of the hoped-for relief, so that at times it was planned to use the Krailenshaldentrasse that bypasses the Pragsattel Relief, after citizen protests, however, the expansion of Heilbronner Straße from Pragsattel down to Zuffenhausen was carried out, which, however, again brought burdens, despite the dismantling and 30 km zones to block the secret routes, so that there is now a large-area driving ban for trucks, gatekeeping lights and the like Measures as part of a noise reduction plan should be considered.

Within Zuffenhausen, the old tram , the last of its kind in Stuttgart at all, was abandoned in the first decade of the new millennium and replaced by a light rail line that ran partly underground along the Unterländer and Stammheimer Strasse , which also made it necessary to redesign the town hall square. Further changes will result in the course of the Stuttgart 21 project , if this is implemented as planned by the mid-2020s. A lowering of the entire road and perhaps even rail route, demanded by the citizens, in order to abolish or alleviate the dichotomy of Zuffenhausen, but above all to minimize noise and exhaust emissions, was rejected for reasons of cost.

The following traffic facilities exist today:

Zazenhausen railway viaduct, endurance test 1896. The iron structure has now been replaced by a concrete structure.

Streets:

Motorway and federal highways: Today Zuffenhausen is on federal highways 10 ( Karlsruhe –Stuttgart– Ulm ) and 27 ( Heilbronn –Stuttgart– Tübingen ), and there is a connection to the A 81 ( Würzburg –Heilbronn – Stuttgart– Singen ) via the B 10 .

Local thoroughfares and streets: They often connect the federal highways and often have a similar volume of traffic as these. These are in particular: north-south: Ludwigsburger Strasse (old B 27 down from Pragsattel), Schwieberdinger Strasse (old B 10), Stammheimer - Freihof-Strasse; west-east: Haldenrain-Straße (to Rot), Unterländer- - Zahn-Nopper-Straße, Strohgäu- - Zabergäu- - Rotweg-Straße (towards Freiberg, Mönchfeld, Neckartal).
Urban and regional railways and bus routes:
- The municipality is now also on the S-Bahn lines S4 ( Backnang - Marbach - Ludwigsburg -Stuttgart), S5 ( Bietigheim -Ludwigsburg-Stuttgart) and from here west branching S6 ( Weil der Stadt - Leonberg opened -Stuttgart).
- From the Zuffenhausen train station there was a direct connection with the Strohgäubahn (R61) via Korntal towards Weissach , but this connection was shortened to Korntal in 2014 . The Frankenbahn connects Stuttgart with Würzburg via Zuffenhausen.
- Zuffenhausen is also connected to Stuttgart city center by the two light rail lines U7 ( Mönchfeld - Hauptbahnhof –Ruhbank / Fernsehturm– Heumaden - Ostfildern-Nellingen ) and U15 (Zuffenhausen – Hauptbahnhof– Ruhbank / Fernsehturm ).
- In addition, Zuffenhausen is served by several inner-city bus routes. Part of the central bus station has been in Zuffenhausen since April 1, 2010.
Freight traffic:
- The small extent for passenger used also Schuster railway goods mentioned bypass path of the Stuttgart-Untertürkheim-Kornwestheim railway crosses from Kornwestheim coming on a 855 m long and 30 m high viaduct the Feuerbachtal at Zazenhausen so bypasses over Munster Central Station and ends south of Bad Cannstatt in the main line to Tübingen and Ulm.
- A heavily used freight railway branch line connects the main line to the north south of Stammheim, the Elbelen district and Neuwirtshaus to Korntal with the branch line to Leonberg - Weil der Stadt.
Long-distance railways: The main IC lines leading from Munich to Ulm and via the Swabian Alb or from Nuremberg via the Remstal and from Tübingen through the Neckar valley to Stuttgart and from there to Heidelberg, Mannheim, Karlsruhe and Frankfurt or Heilbronn and Würzburg are the main lines wide aisle on a high embankment right through western Zuffenhausen, which divides it in such a way, especially since the B 10/27 was bundled in parallel as an elevated road.

Politics, population and living today

District Advisory Board

Local election 2014

%

40

30th

20th

10

0

31.2

18.2

17.4

7.7

6.3

5.7

4.4

3.8

5.3

SÖS

Otherwise.

Gains and losses

compared to 2009

% p

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

+4.3

+2.2

-4.1

-2.9

+6.3

-0.5

-5.5

+0.7

+1.2

SÖS

Otherwise.

Due to the number of inhabitants in the district, the Zuffenhausen District Advisory Board has 16 full and just as many deputy members.

The following distribution of seats has been in effect since the last local elections in 2014:

CDU: 5th
SPD: 3
B90 / The Greens: 3
Free voters: 1
FDP: 1
SÖS / DIE LINKE: 2
AfD: 1

In addition, 16 youth councils have been active in Zuffenhausen since the 2008 youth council election to campaign for the interests of young people in Stuttgart.

Population development after 1945

Statistically: In the period after 1945 the population of Zuffenhausen changed significantly, and the population began to grow explosively. Despite the war losses, the population of Zuffenhausen had grown by 5,000 to 26,600 between the beginning of the war and 1947. In 1949 there were 29,000. In the following six years the population then soared by 120% to 47,000 inhabitants. In 1960 the highest level was finally reached at 48,500. From then on, the population fell again to 45,000 in 1965 and 42,000 in 1969. In the 1970s, the population then fell considerably, and in 1980 there were only 36,000 inhabitants. By 2002, the population settled down between 35,000 and 36,000.

Age structure 2011: 23% of the population are over 60 years old, 17.9% over 65, 17.2% under 28 years old. The average age is 41.6 years. Further statistical data can be found in the Stuttgart data compass.

Structurally: The rapid population development up to the beginning of the 1960s was based on the astonishing willingness to give birth among the Zuffenhausen women, and above all on the influx of people from very different origins as new citizens. These were the displaced persons , ethnic Germans , refugees from the former German or German-occupied eastern regions ( displaced persons , war returnees, internal resettlers and evacuees). From the 1950s, the migrant workers came to the northern districts with their large industries such as Daimler, Bosch, SEL, Porsche, etc. From the mid-1950s, the groups later referred to as guest workers came from southern Europe and later from Turkey. In Zuffenhausen the proportion of the foreign population rose sharply and was already 15% in the early 1970s, in 2007 it was even 26.2% and thus 4% above the average for Stuttgart as a whole. At the same time, the rural population shrank by two thirds compared to 1933, not least because of the loss of agricultural land for housing construction (e.g. in red), industry and transport. For the current population structure of Zuffenhausen, see the information from the "Statistical Office of the City of Stuttgart".

What is important here is the number of residents with a migration background. According to statistical estimates, because the religion is not recorded when registering, one assumes around 60,000 in Stuttgart. Since Zuffenhausen currently has a share of foreigners of around 27%, it can be assumed that the share of foreign residents plus naturalized residents with German or, in the case of young people, dual citizenship and a migrant background together is around half (51%) many immigrants from Muslim countries are predominantly Turks (23%) and those from other countries outside the EU (28%). The majority have a Muslim background, so that the proportion of Muslims among the Zuffenhausen population is roughly 8–10% (2301 Turkey + approx. 50% of the 2,255 others = approx. 3400). This is not surprising, as the proportion of foreigners in Zuffenhausen is far higher than in the other city districts. With a population of approx. 36,000 would then be around 3000–4000 Muslim fellow citizens in Zuffenhausen. That fits well with the religion statistics, according to which 17,000 (49%) of the residents are Protestant or Roman Catholic, the rest, however, are non-denominational or of a different faith (e.g. other Christian directions such as Russian or Greek Orthodox, sects etc. or from left the churches).

Settlements and housing situation

The population, which has fallen sharply since the 1970s, has by no means resulted in a decline in residential construction, as the population has been demanding more and more living space per person over the years. While in 1957 an average of one room per person was available, at the beginning of the 21st century the occupancy had almost doubled to 1.8 rooms / inhabitant. The mixture of living and working with a lack of green, play and other open spaces and the increasing occupation of the roadsides by parked vehicles initially had a very negative effect on the living environment after the war, which also continued to have a strong impact everywhere through noise pollution and bad air Quality decreased, so that many residents moved to the surrounding area and did not renovate their houses. Since the jobs remained in Zuffenhausen, this also led to additional commuting. Attempts were made to counteract this with a series of measures and projects. The living situation in the different parts of the city district is very different and has also developed very differently:

Renaturation of a section of the Feuerbach in Stuttgart between Stuttgart-Zazenhausen and Stuttgart-Rot, which degenerated into a sewer especially after the war, in 2010.

Zazenhausen, for example, has largely retained its old, purely village character, despite the fact that it has smaller new development areas.
Neuwirtshaus , the workers' settlement from the 1930s has also remained a relatively self-contained place on the edge of the forest, where extended semi-detached houses dominate.
Rot , which was hurriedly rushed out of the ground as a huge project after the war in order to accommodate the huge streams of refugees from the East as soon as possible in a reasonably humane manner, even if that initially meant a simple construction in large apartment blocks, has strengthened itself through several renovation phases in the residential fabric improved and is no longer a refugee ghetto as it used to be in the early 1950s. The Socially Integrative City project has also led to further structural improvements since 2003, including in the housing situation.
The long "Alte Flecken", which fell into disrepair until the 1980s, i.e. the old village Zuffenhausen around the Johanneskirche, the Zehntscheuer and the Zehnthof, Mühle, Kelter, in whose Waaghäusle a culture café was set up, and the deanery building (i.e. the old one, 1657 / 58 rebuilt and then repeatedly repaired parsonage), was made attractive again by renovations for those looking for accommodation and also shaped into a small gem in terms of monument protection, so that the old village is now a preferred and also traffic-calmed residential area, which is also close to the center and within walking distance of central Community facilities are located and after the renaturation of the Feuerbach along the valley meadows and the old mill, also right next to an attractive local recreation area with indoor swimming pool and hiking trails down to the Neckar.
The extensive residential development to the west of Ludwigsburger Strasse up to the railway line, which has been built since the end of the 19th century, was calmed down by extensive one-way street regulations and the establishment of pedestrian zones. The Art Nouveau buildings there are among the architectural pearls of the city district.
Purely new development areas emerged in the 1980s in the Hofäckern, in Zazenhausen (especially Kirchäcker, Hohlgrabenäcker), in red in the Tapachstrasse area. After the bankruptcy of the company in the 1980s, the old Kreidler site on Schwieberdinger Strasse was built over with apartments.
The residential area "Im Raiser" was built on the site of the former grenadier barracks, which, like the "Robinson Barracks" on Burgholzhof, had been abandoned by the Americans after the end of the East-West conflict at the beginning of the 1990s. The Burgholzhof, which was built at the end of the 1990s, was added to Cannstatt after considerable controversy between the two city districts. The residential area Raiser was moved into from 2003 by its 900 inhabitants today.

Religion, culture and sport

Already at the turn of the century , the club landscape in Zuffenhausen showed an impressive density. In addition to the above-mentioned business associations, there was, among other things, the new citizens 'club, the athletes' club, gymnastics club, war club and military club, cyclist club, several choral clubs, the humoristic-satirical club and the fruit growing club, football club, savings and coal club and the Swabian club founded in 1898 Albverein . The churches founded the Evangelical Youth Association and the Catholic Youth Association St. Antonius. The idea of the Kolping Society was brought to Zuffenhausen via the Stuttgart Catholic Journeyman Association, and a St. Antonius Catholic Journeyman Association was founded, from which the Zuffenhausen Kolping Family then developed.

The district partnership agreed in 1977 with La Ferté-sous-Jouarre is included in Zuffenhausen 's association .

Religious communities in Zuffenhausen

Evangelical parish . In 2001 the Johannes, Paulus and Michaelsgemeinde merged in Neuwirtshaus to form the Evangelical Church Community. In 1955 the "Johann-Albrecht Bengel-House" was built in the Salzweg.
- The Johanneskirche is possibly of Carolingian origin and is mentioned for the first time in 1275 as Hippolytus Church. The name Johannes Church is relatively new (1901 initially Johannis Church, possibly because of a crucifixion picture with the disciple Johannes of Martin Schaffner that was hanging there at the time ). One of the most famous acting pastor there was probably the strict anti-Nazi Julius Jan .
- In 1903 the Paulus Church was consecrated.
- Red Resurrection Church: Since May 2005, the Red Evangelical Church Community, together with the neighboring parishes of Freiberg, Mönchfeld and the Nazarius parish of Zazenhausen, has formed the Evangelical Church Parish of Himmelsleiter, which was named after an old designation .
- Michaels Church was built in Neuwirtshaus in 1938.
Catholic parish of Antonius. The church of the same name was consecrated in 1902. The church of St. Albert in the Elbelen belongs to the community.
Baptist congregation since 1932. Martin Luther King Church.
New Apostolic Congregation . She became self-employed in Zuffenhausen in 1919. The church in Hohenloher Strasse was built in 1958. The New Apostolic Church of Neuwirtshaus is located at Usedomstrasse 30.
Methodist Church : Christ Church.
Jehovah's Witnesses Congregation Stuttgart Weilimdorf and Stuttgart North. Otto-Dürr-Str.
People's mission of resolute Christians , Güglinger and Markgröninger Strasse.
Romanian Orthodox parish "The Birth of Jesus Christ". Stammheimer-Str. 104.
Israelite Messianic Congregation Adon Jeschua, Güglinger Str. 4.
The Islamic Community of Zuffenhausen, Markgröninger Str. 57 (there is also the mosque). Member of the State Association of Islamic Cultural Centers Baden-Württemberg e. V.

Museums

Since 1976, around 20 historic vehicles from the Zuffenhausen sports car manufacturer have been on display in the old Porsche Museum . Since January 31, 2009 the museum has been located in the new building on Porscheplatz, which cost more than 100 million euros. The museum building designed by the Viennese architects Delugan Meissl caused a sensation due to its extraordinary design.

The Tram Museum: The exhibition, founded in 1989, was located in Zuffenhausen at Strohgäustraße 1 from 1995 to 2007 and was then relocated to the Tram World in Bad Cannstatt for technical reasons . It is operated jointly by a non-profit association and the Stuttgarter Straßenbahn AG and shows the development of tram traffic from horse-drawn carriages to modern trams. Stuttgart operated the first horse-drawn tram from 1868.

Changing exhibitions are shown in two galleries and in the tithe barn.

schools

In Zuffenhausen there is the elementary and secondary school with the Werkrealschule "Hohensteinschule", the elementary school Rosenschule, the Rilke Realschule (district of Rot), the elementary school "Silcherschule", the "Park Realschule Zuffenhausen", "Ferdinand-Porsche-Gymnasium-Zuffenhausen" Primary and secondary school “Uhlandschule”, the special needs school “Haldenrainschule”, the school for people with intellectual disabilities “Gustav Werner School”, the school for the blind and visually impaired “Ernst Abbé School” and the elementary school “Zazenhausen”.

The support association Park Realschule has existed since 1975.
The Friends of the Robert Bosch School Association was founded in 1962.

Cultural associations

In Zuffenhausen alone, 27 clubs and groups with a musical focus are active, including the largest:

Musikverein Zuffenhausen . It was founded in 1895 and has operated under this name since 1921. As the city orchestra, it was a fixture in Zuffenhausen's cultural life for a long time before the war. Newly founded in 1947, it gave itself the name "Musik- und Theaterverein (Stadtorchester) Zuffenhausen e. V. “and quickly picked up on its earlier meaning.
Choral Society Zuffenhausen . Also re-established in 1946. Today's name "Liederkranz" after the "Volkschor" and the "Eintracht Harmonie" split off again.
Folk choir. It was founded in 1890 as the “Arbeitergesangsverein Lassallia”, banned under the National Socialists and after the war re-approved as a Volkschor in Zuffenhausen.
Handharmonika-Spielring Zuffenhausen , founded in 1936, renamed in 1978 to Handharmonika-Spielring Zuffenhausen-Stammheim.
Music groups of the Evangelical Church:
- The church choir was founded in 1897 .
- 1901 trombone choir .
- 1987 Pauluskantorei . She also performs extensive works such as oratorios.

Associations with social goals, customs, nature, special interests

In Zuffenhausen alone there are 27 clubs and groups with a social focus , including the largest:

There are civic associations
for Rot and for Zuffenhausen.
- The Zuffenhausen Citizens' Association was founded in 1874. Harmonized in 1933, he resumed his work in 1967. The association represents the interests of all citizens of Zuffenhausen in a politically and denominationally neutral way and, with its approx. 400 members, contributes significantly to the formation of opinions on important municipal issues. Today, the citizens' association has set itself the task of maintaining and improving the local quality of life and supports corresponding projects.
- The Red Citizens' Association was only founded in 2003 with the main goal of supporting the “Social City Red” project.

A Zazenhausen civic association is also active .

Altenclub Zuffenhausen. ACZ. Founded in 1967, it is supported by the Evangelical and Catholic parish in Zuffenhausen, the German Red Cross and the workers' welfare organization . The aim is to cultivate the community, socialize and entertain older people.

Association for the promotion of home and partnership care as well as youth and elderly aid e. V. Association of Friends of Zuffenhausen .

Women's café in Zuffenhausen . Founded in 1993 as an informal group within the Evangelical Paulus Congregation. She is dedicated to various women’s topics such as mothers and children, lectures, etc.

Customs, nature conservation:

Mountain and Folk Costume Association Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen 1921. Since 1946 numerous relevant events with traditional costume band.

Swabian Alb Association. It has existed in Zuffenhausen since 1898. Sporty hiking is combined with cultural exploration on the hiking trails.

Forest home association Zuffenhausen. Founded in 1911, it lost its old site at today's Neuwirtshaus station during the Third Reich. A new forest home was then built in 1949 on the Schlotwiese. During the holidays, the site is used by the Arbeiterwohlfahrt for youth leisure.

Sudeten German country team. 1953 in Zuffenhausen and Rot from the amalgamation of several neighboring local associations.

Zuffenhausen Art Circle.

Future workshop e. V.

Volunteer fire brigades exist in Stammheim and Zazenhausen.

Follow local history topics:

Local history working group.
Heimatverein Zuffenhausen e. V.

Carnival clubs:

Carnival Society Blau-Weiß-Stuttgart 1955 e. V.
Carnival Club Stuttgarter Rößle e. V.

Groups for environmental protection / nature protection

Arge Nord-Ost e. V. (Mühlhausen)
Schutzgemeinschaft Krailenshalde e. V.

In Zuffenhausen there are ten intercultural associations with various topics such as customs, sports, social issues, etc.

There are other associations dedicated to special interests and hobbies , such as the Verein der Hundefreunde Zuffenhausen 1906 e. V. the small animal breeding association Neuwirtshaus or the community of garden friends Tapach .

Sports

In Zuffenhausen alone, 21 clubs and groups with a sporting focus are active.

The largest sports club in the city district is SSV Zuffenhausen e. V. with around 3500 members and the 10 departments Bädle (outdoor pool), leisure, football, handball, karate, cycling (unicycle), chess, swimming, tennis and SG old members. He also offers aikido, fistball, capoeira , rope skipping and volleyball (with beach volleyball) as a leisure sport. The association was created in 2009 through the merger of the three associations:
- Naturheilverein Zuffenhausen (NHV)
- Sports community Zuffenhausen (SG)
- Gymnastics and Sports Club Zuffenhausen (TSV)

In 2013 the FV Zuffenhausen also joined.

The gymnastics club 89 Zuffenhausen (TV 89) , founded in 1889, is the oldest sports club in Zuffenhausen. The gymnastics and sports club TSV Zuffenhausen developed from him , which after the war merged with other clubs, which were also banned in the Third Reich, and re-established itself. Now SSV Zuffenhausen.

The natural healing association Zuffenhausen founded in 1904 . His swimming pool on the Schlotwiese, built in 1933, was the only swimming opportunity for a long time and, after a substantial expansion in 1985, when additional sports facilities were built, it is still the only open-air pool in the north of Stuttgart. Now SSV Zuffenhausen.

The sports club in Zuffenhausen (SG) , founded in 1949, is also now part of the SSV Zuffenhausen.

The football club Zuffenhausen (FV) founded in 1898 . The first men's football team used to be the top-class football club from the Swabian metropolis behind VfB Stuttgart and the Stuttgarter Kickers for years , but recently only played in the Stuttgart district league. In 2013 the club joined the SSV Zuffenhausen.

In 2001 the umbrella association for sport and culture in Zuffenhausen was founded as a "working group of sports clubs on the Zuffenhausen chimney".

The Zuffenhausen weight training club , which was founded in 1899.

The aviation group Heinkel e. V. for glider pilots with a club workshop in Zazenhausen.

The Zuffenhausen shooting club , founded in 1906 , which has had its own shooting range on the Neuwirtshaus sports grounds since 1980.

The ski guild founded in 1948 in Zuffenhausen after the Second World War .

The DJK Sportgemeinschaft Zuffenhausen SG of the Catholic Church was founded in 1949.

The Stuttgart Sports Aviation Club . The glider pilot association SCS, founded in 1950, is another association for glider pilots in Zazenhausen.

The Neuwirtshaus sports association . Founded in 1948, it initially devoted itself primarily to soccer, handball and table tennis. What remains today is tennis and youth football as well as gymnastics for young children.

The Zuffenhausen martial arts club with the Taekwondo Center.

The TC Blau-Weiß tennis club , which separated from FV Zuffenhausen in 1921.

The HSV-Nord , which was formed as a handball club from the handball departments of the clubs TSV, TV, SG and SV Rot and was initially called HSV Zuffenhausen.

Other: people, coats of arms, sights, field names

Well-known people and families from Zuffenhausen

People born or raised in Zuffenhausen who are or were prominent or of great importance to the community:

Christian Gottfried Elben (born May 4, 1754 in Zuffenhausen; † February 4, 1829 in Stuttgart), founder and editor of the Swabian Mercury in Stuttgart.
Hedwig Heinrica Sprecher (born November 7, 1766 in Zuffenhausen, † August 14, 1820 in Schnait ), mother of Friedrich Silcher .
Wilhelm Friedrich Aldinger (born January 19, 1841 - † January 8, 1902 in Münchingen ). From 1889 to 1902 he was the only member of the Württemberg state parliament from Zuffenhausen in the second half of the 19th century.
Emil Schuler (born March 23, 1888 in Zuffenhausen; † June 20, 1955 in Feuerbach). Left activist, editor, anti-Nazi opponent (Heuberg concentration camp), from 1945 to 1953 district head in Zuffenhausen, from 1945/46 to 1955 member of the Stuttgart municipal council. He was mainly responsible for the communal re-democratization in Zuffenhausen after the Second World War and the first reconstruction.

Max-Horkheimer-Brunnen on the edge of the city park of Zuffenhausen not far from the building of the former Horkheimer spinning mill, an Art Nouveau house from 1906 at Schwieberdingerstraße 58.

Max Horkheimer (born February 14, 1895 in Zuffenhausen; † July 7, 1973 in Nuremberg ), first holder of the citizen medal of the city of Stuttgart (1970).
His father was Moritz (own Moses) Horkheimer (* 1858 Untergimpern, Baden; † 1945 Bern, Switzerland), partner in a textile factory in Zuffenhausen, councilor and since 1918 honorary citizen of Zuffenhausen. 1939 escaped to Switzerland.
Fritz Wenninger (born June 5, 1899 in Zuffenhausen; † October 29, 1951 in Tübingen ), athlete.
Theodor Koch (born May 13, 1905 in Zuffenhausen; † October 21, 1976 in Oberndorf am Neckar), engineer, entrepreneur, co-founder of the Heckler & Koch company
Wilhelm Boger (born December 19, 1906 in Zuffenhausen; † April 3, 1977 in Bietigheim-Bissingen ), SS Oberscharführer .
Robert Schlienz (born February 3, 1924 in Zuffenhausen; † June 18, 1995 in Dettenhausen ), national soccer player.
Joachim Fuchsberger (born March 11, 1927 in Zuffenhausen; † September 11, 2014 in Grünwald ), actor.
Horst Köppel (born May 17, 1948), national soccer player.
Werner Lener (born May 11, 1941), jazz pianist.
Andreas Mihatsch (born June 11, 1962 in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen), photographer and film producer.

Important Zuffenhausen families:

The best-known and longest family in Zuffenhausen, which has been recorded in the Esslingen hospital register since 1334, is the Vaut family , probably a side line of the Vogt von Brie family. Konrad Vaut , mayor and since 1514 under bailiff in Cannstatt , was executed on the Stuttgart market square in 1516 at the instigation of Duke Ulrich for alleged high treason.
The family, which also had its own coat of arms with an aristocratic crown , is documented with different name variants throughout southwest Germany.
The best-known descendants, especially of Konrad Vaut and his siblings, include the Schenk von Stauffenberg , Wilhelm Hauff , Friedrich Hölderlin , Eduard Mörike , Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling , Ludwig Uhland and Friedrich Theodor Vischer family , as well as Karl Gerok , Friedrich Schiller and Wilhelm Waiblinger , likewise Theodor Heuss and the city pastor Richard Lauxmann in Zuffenhausen.

People from the last two centuries who were not born in Zuffenhausen and who were not prominent in the above sense, but mostly played a far more important role for Zuffenhausen than the celebrities due to their social activities and / or their role model:

Johann Ludwig Völter (born March 16, 1809 in Metzingen , † August 27, 1888 in Stuttgart). City pastor in Zuffenhausen from 1850 to 1880. Founded the small kindergarten of the community, which was now necessary because of the increasing employment of mothers in working-class families, which was opened in 1851 and has existed for over 160 years until today. Völter also made a name for himself as a teacher and writer and had previously worked as a poor carer.
A presumed descendant, Immanuel Erhard Völter (* 1867) and renowned theologian, who was secretary general of the Evangelical-Social Congress in Berlin from 1894-98 , was pushed out of office as first pastor of Zuffenhausen by the National Socialists in 1933.
Hermann Christian Schmidgall (April 16, 1827 in Beilstein ; † September 27, 1896 in Zuffenhausen). 1881 to 1896 pastor in Zuffenhausen and promoter of the school system. Father of the student historian Georg Schmidgall .
August Blessing (born August 31, 1830 in Esslingen , † May 5, 1897 in Zuffenhausen). Factory owner who set up his agricultural machinery factory in Zuffenhausen in 1875 and then became intensively involved in community life.
Karl Hugo Seeger (born February 8, 1850 in Besigheim , † October 15, 1917 in Ludwigsburg), grave in Zuffenhausen. 1897 to 1917 Schmidgall's successor as pastor. Jointly responsible for the construction of the Pauluskirche.
Samuel Rothschild (born November 10, 1853 in Horb -Nordstetten, † April 2, 1924 in Zuffenhausen). Co-founder and partner of the leather factory Zuffenhausen Sihler & Cie. and partner in the Salamander company , honorary citizen of Zuffenhausen in 1918.
Richard Lauxmann (born May 12, 1864 in Adolzfurt , † February 19, 1939 in Stuttgart). From 1902 to 1929 he was the parish priest in Zuffenhausen with great importance for the cultural life of the time.
Max Gutenkunst (born August 22, 1864 in Heimsheim , † November 29, 1933 in Zuffenhausen). 1904 to 1907 mayor of Zuffenhausen, 1907 to 1931 mayor of Zuffenhausen. Fought the incorporation and tried in vain to merge with Feuerbach.
Franz Josef Fischer (born August 7, 1871 in Aalen , † July 24, 1958 Stuttgart). Catholic clergyman who directed and influenced the development of the Catholic community most effectively. He founded the St. Antonius congregation and built the church of the same name, was auxiliary bishop in the diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart and titular bishop of Zuri from 1929 to 1958.
Friedrich Karl Reeber (born March 16, 1876 in Braunsbach , † May 7, 1954 in Wiesbaden). Trade union activist in Zuffenhausen between 1903 and 1911. 1920 in the state parliament of Württemberg for the USPD, later the SPD in the local council. Supervisory board in the consumer association. Lost all offices in 1933.
Otto Thumm (* 1885 in Aldingen ; † December 6, 1954 in Zuffenhausen). Head of the economic office and from 1923 to 1933, when he lost all his offices, city administrator in Zuffenhausen. As a member of the board of two large housing cooperatives, he played a key role in the construction of the settlements at Stadtpark, Schwieberdinger Strasse and in the Rot residential area.
Gotthilf Schenkel (born July 19, 1889 in East India, † December 10, 1960 in Eßlingen am Neckar). He was one of the most prominent clergy in Zuffenhausen. 1918 to 1933 parish priest at the Pauluskirche. Resistance to National Socialism . Deported to the Heuberg concentration camp in 1933. 1951 to 1953 Minister of Culture of Württemberg and Baden-Württemberg.
Julius von Jan (born April 17, 1897 in Schweindorf / Württemberg; † September 21, 1964 in Korntal) was a Protestant pastor and resistance fighter against National Socialism as a confidant of the Confessing Church. Badly mistreated by the SA. 1954 to 1958 pastor at the Johanneskirche and role model for the youth whom he supervised intensively as a religion teacher.

Honorary citizen of the city of Zuffenhausen

Naturally, honorary citizenship could only be granted during the time when Zuffenhausen was an independent town, i.e. between 1907 and 1931.

1918: Moritz Horkheimer, factory owner, councilor (1858–1945).
1918: Samuel Rothschild, manufacturer, co-founder of the Zuffenhausen leather factory (1853–1924)
1922: Louis Bauer, master baker and innkeeper (1837–1930).

The honorary citizens were then taken over by the city of Stuttgart in a separate list of honorary citizens of formerly independent communities.

The coats of arms of Zuffenhausen and Zazenhausen

Coat of arms of Zuffenhausen.

Coat of arms of Zazenhausen.

The current coat of arms of Zuffenhausen, which has existed since the elevation to the city of 1907, is described in the official representation as follows (silver is meant here as the coat of arms color white):

“Divided diagonally twice by silver and green, above in silver a four-spoke, twelve-fold, blue gear wheel, in green a silver clad shepherd sitting to the left in natural colors, blowing on a silver shawm with a black shepherd's staff in the crook of his right arm, below in silver a blue ploughshare . "

- Heinz Bardua : Stuttgart coat of arms 1973

The shepherd is the "Zuffenhäuser Shepherd", a minor character in Ludwig Uhland's ballad The Döffinger Battle , the last of four ballads written in 1815 (the other three are: The attack of Wildbad , The Three Kings of Heimsen and The Battle of Reutlingen ) deal with various events from the life of Count Eberhard II of the "Greiners" (1344-1392), in this case the battle of Döffingen in 1388. The plot of the ballad, like that of the other three, is based on the report of the Stuttgart councilor Sebastian Küng, who in turn used the description of the Tübingen rhetoric professor Martin Crusius (1526–1607). In a nocturnal scene the shepherd from Zuffenhausen meets the old count and complains to him that one of the count's military leaders, the “Glistening Wolf von Wunnenstein”, had driven away part of his herd.

The ploughshare in the lower part of the coat of arms comes from an old mark . Already after the Thirty Years' War these stains appeared, for Zuffenhausen initially a simple "Z", as it has been handed down in the forest inventory book and as it can still be found today on old boundary stones that were common from the 15th century and of which today 84 are still on site. In the 18th century, the stain seal then shows a ploughshare with a six-pointed star in the middle. Until the town elevation in 1907, the municipality of Zuffenhausen also used the coat of arms of Württemberg under a crown as a seal .

In which way the shepherd was then added, it is not known, but the design seems to come from the brother of the pastor and historian Lauxmann, the painter Theodor Lauxmann, who had apparently found the shepherd at Uhland and probably thought it went well with the traditional ones Shepherds of the place. In any case, the municipal council wanted to combine progress with tradition optically and in the upper field a cogwheel for the industry that now determines the local economy, in the lower field the already known ploughshare for traditional agriculture, heraldically wrong, which is therefore added later omitted year 1907.

After the incorporation in 1931, the coat of arms became legally free again and appears in numerous variants used commercially, politically, artistically, etc., but is still the community symbol of Zuffenhausen as "Zuffenhäuser Hirt".

Zazenhausen , which has never been a town, still has its own coat of arms, although it is also not old.

Blazon : "Under a golden shield head, inside a black deer pole , in black three rooted golden ears with two kinked leaves, covered with a silver, single-shell hand-held scale ."

The stag bar indicates that it belongs to Württemberg. According to the community chronicle, Zazenhausen adopted a coat of arms in 1916 that contained “three upright ears of corn, cut through by a speed scale” as an indication of the then still predominant agriculture and market traffic to the city. Unfortunately, nothing has been handed down about a color definition. The coat of arms is based on the city colors of Stuttgart (gold and black).

Prehistoric and historical landmarks and styles

The Robert Bosch School in the Hohenstein School building complex, a representative large building of the so-called Stuttgart School of the 1920s. (Front of the three wings.)

In the Zuffenhausen area and its peripheral areas, which in the past often belonged to the district (e.g. Stammheim Süd / Nonnenäcker, Lemberg / Horn, Burgholzhof or the Hohlgrabenäcker), as shown by old land maps, there are mainly 4 stylistic and historical types of sights:

Archaeological undeveloped before - and prehistoric sites from the Upper Paleolithic about Celts until the time of the Romans and Alemanni . They are scattered over the entire area and the adjacent districts, but are often built over. Finds are mainly kept in the Württemberg State Museum and are hardly accessible. Overall, the Second World War did not destroy much here, rather the reconstruction phase of the post-war period, when archeology and monument protection were the least of our worries.

Medieval to early modern . Naturally, they are almost exclusively concentrated on the old village of Zuffenhausen (and to a greater extent Zazenhausen) and show, in addition to late medieval, mainly baroque features. In particular, several buildings in Steinheimer Strasse have baroque features (such as the "Gasthof zum Lamm") and there, with the house numbers 1, 3, 7, 24, 24B, form an ensemble that was created between 1519 and 1790 with the former monastery courtyard and the Zehntscheuer, Servant and main house in the center.

Modern and early modern. They can be found in the large area west of Ludwigsburger Strasse up to the Stadtpark, which has been populated since the mid-19th century, as residential and functional buildings, such as factories, but also as an ensemble of the Neuwirtshaussiedlung. The Hohenstein School , built by Paul Schmitthenner , like Paul Bonatz , the builder of the Stuttgart Central Station, a representative of the Stuttgart School , 1927–1930, is worth mentioning, as it demonstrates the principles of this architectural style , which is contrary to the Bauhaus style, particularly well, according to which the shape of a building from the construction of a material and work-appropriate construction, executed in craft traditions and with natural materials (here as an unplastered red brick building in Z-shape). In terms of style, there is mainly classicism , historicism in its various varieties from neo-baroque to neo-romanticism to neo-renaissance , neoclassicism , art nouveau , expressionism and Bauhaus to the local style and the Stuttgart school.

The buildings of the modern age are again in particular in the new settlements after 1945, i.e. above all in the Rotwegiedlung with the well-known high-rise buildings Romeo and Juliet and the terrace house in Tapachstrasse as well as the Church of the Resurrection and in the Elbelen with St. Albert and other smaller facilities. The Porsche Museum at Porsche headquarters is currently one of the most spectacular and youngest buildings. In terms of style , organic building and the international style have been common, especially since 1950.

In detail, there are the following places and buildings relevant to the history of monuments:

The old town center of Zuffenhausen with Zehntscheuer and Johanneskirche, both from the high Middle Ages .

Zuffenhäuser Alter Flecken: The former village, affectionately known by the Zuffenhäuser as "Alter Flecken", is still very closed. The main buildings are the Johanneskirche, the old rectory next to it, the Zehnthof and the Zehntscheuer, whose walled stone bears the oldest still visible year 1569. The old mill in Zuffenhausen, with its stable and coach house, was first mentioned in 1293 and was rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1772, later carefully restored. The house brand therefore bears the year 1772. The buildings Marbacher Str. 17 (1681), 18 (1660) and 37 as well as Steinheimer Str. 7 were well preserved or rebuilt after the Thirty Years War. The only secular building with Gothic structure Zuffenhausen can be found in the former main building of the Esslinger Spitalhof (1325–1375) in Bottwarstrasse. 16. The Johanneskirche is also essentially Gothic. In Zazenhausen, on the other hand, there are several Gothic examples and a building from the Renaissance , namely parts of the main house of the Dionysiushof, formerly Klarahof.
Vorderberg: Original vineyard with walls and houses. On the protruding ridge there was a prehistoric settlement that was excavated.
Old Roman Road: Dark cobblestones show the sloping course at the end of the Sour Cherry Path in the new Hohlgrabenäcker settlement.
Stammheim Süd: At the eastern end there is a detailed information board “The Celts in Stammheim” (excavations of a former small Celtic settlement and graves).
City park burial mound: Celtic period approx. 500 BC And a "3-Märker-Grenzstein". Three districts meet here.
Kotzenloch / Horn: geological natural monument. Geological information. Layer sequence in the uppermost part of the plaster keuper. Multiple faults.
Am Horn (via Feuerbach): Prehistoric fortifications with ramparts from the Urnfield Period (around 1000 BC) and the late Hallstatt or early Latène period (around 500 BC) They were only further excavated in 2011/12.

City park: burial mounds from the Celtic era (approx. 500 BC), two of the original seven hills are still clearly visible.

In the newer part of Zuffenhausen the Pauluskirche, numerous Art Nouveau buildings , classicist and neoclassical factory owner's villas (Villa Morlock, Villas Lothringer Str. 2–5, Villa Blessing), early cooperative buildings and historic factory buildings (e.g. Horkheimer, Rominger / Böhringer, Reutter) des 19th century.

Zazenhausen : For more, especially medieval sights, see there.

Field names

In a historical context, field names form important bridges to the past, as they contain linguistic references to sometimes very old circumstances, which are to a certain extent "frozen" in the very little changeable names . This applies in a similar way to all geographical and personal names, as the name "Zuffenhausen" itself shows, which points to an almost 1400 year old situation with an Alemannic settler Uffo or something similar, which then results in a Z (u) Uffo and the place name -hausen (i.e. place with houses), which was common in the 7th century, Zuffen-hausen could have developed. It would fit in with the fact that the place name “Zazenhausen” should also have its origin in this period. It is believed that an Alemannic clan leader named Azo settled with his clan on the bank of the former Biberbach (today: Feuerbach). The place name Zazenhausen later developed from the Alemannic “z'Azehause”, which means “zu Azenhausen”.

The Zuffenhausen field names are mainly recorded in the 1521 camp book , which in turn goes back to an older Bebenhausen camp book from 1356 (the monastery in Zuffenhausen had such extensive possessions that it practically owned the village). One of the earliest representations of field names in maps is the Kiesersche forest map from 1679 to 1687. Further sources are the forest camp books that were created between 1356 and 1702 and the camp books of the Katharinen Hospital in Esslingen that were created between 1304 and 1490. However, a number of the field names preserved in the oldest source are no longer documented at the time of the land survey between 1824 and 1831, probably also because the owners and division patterns of the hallways had changed and were therefore no longer of use, as are the old field names today the corridors that were later built over went under.

Until the 19th century, Zuffenhausen was only a small farming village, which in 1840 covered less than 2% of the municipal area (today 60%). As a result of the intensive development since then, most of the previously used field names have disappeared and only a few in street names such as Hördt, Böhringer, Gänsberg, Haldenrain, Hofäcker, Hohenstein, Kirchtal, Mönchsberg, Pliensäcker, Rappenberg, Salzwiesen -, Schützenbühl-, Spitalwald-, Taläcker- and Waldäckerstraße, Rotweg, Hurtweg, Mostgrubenweg, Salzweg, Schlotwiese or Im Raiser, which then refer to old references to the corridors that have now been built over. Most of the field names designate a local characteristic such as the shape of the terrain, vegetation, use, etc. In some of them, the name of a former owner or user is behind it.

As old people's names and / or owner names in the broader sense, about interpreted: Bebenhäuser Forest (Kloster Bebenhausen) Behringer (obtained even in Boehringer road), Mrs land (owned by nuns or after a Marienbild floor), Heinrizau (possibly to Honold, the subsequent Corridor in Zazenhausen is called Henriettes Au), Hofäcker (belonging to a manor), Krailenshalde, Köglenswald, Lehenwald (fiefdom), Mönchsberg (to Bebenhausen), Müllerwald, Nonnenacker, Pliensacker (possibly to Plieningen ), Schertelinsacker, Spitalwald (to Esslingen's Katharinenspital ), Vogelberg.
Old site characteristics : Today, these are sometimes self-explanatory names according to form, property, use, vegetation, old buildings, etc .: birch forest, brown (soil color, possibly also personal name), Brunnenwiesen, Bühl (hill), Dachsrain, Elbelen (small pasture) , Gänsberg, Gehrenäcker (tapering like a spearhead), Haldenrain (heap = slope), Hördt (hard dry land), Hohenstein (high boundary stone), Hohlgraben, Kirchtal, Langäcker, Mostgrube (moss pit, damp terrain), Pförchacker (to pen), Raiser ( zu Reiser = bushes), Rappenberg (zu Raben), Reuthe and Rothacker (to be cleared), ridge (hill ridge), salt meadows (salty swampy terrain), Sauhalde, Seeäcker, Seedamm und Seewiesen (old reservoir of the Feuerbach), Thal, Viehweg, Tub, forest fields and forest meadows, competition meadows (to bet = water), winter dump (northern slope).

For a more detailed meaning of the individual field names and their history, see.

Individual evidence

^ Diaries. 3. Trip to Switzerland. http://www.zeno.org/nid/20004862341
↑ Gühring / Kull, p. 19.
↑ Gühring / Kull, pp. 19–28.
↑ Gühring / Kull, pp. 28–32.
↑ Lüning, p. 112 ff.
↑ Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 64.
↑ Gühring / Rees / Schweikart, pp. 181–193.
↑ Gühring / Kull, pp. 32–36.
↑ Gühring / Kull, p. 36 f.
↑ stuttgart.de
↑ Note: The generic term is city district . City districts such as Zuffenhausen, Feuerbach, Bad Cannstatt, etc. are in turn divided into city districts such as Rot, Zazenhausen, etc.
↑ Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 41 f.
↑ Müller-Beck, pp. 252, 257-260; Schukraft, p. 12 f.
^ Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 42.
↑ Keefer, pp 90-107.
↑ Müller-Beck, p. 464 f.
↑ Keefer, pp. 90 ff., 106 ff .; Hoffmann, p. 236 ff.
↑ Schukraft, p. 14.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, pp. 42–44.
↑ Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 45.
↑ Keefer, pp. 126-139, 145 ff.
↑ Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 45 f.
↑ Stammheimer "Ötzis" ( Memento from November 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
^ Keefer, p. 170.
↑ Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 46 f.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 64 f.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 47 f.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 48 ff.
↑ Waßner, p. 24 f.
↑ Schukraft, pp. 14-17.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 52 f.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 55 ff.
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 67-92.
↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2418, December 26, 788 - Reg. 2082. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 131 , accessed on May 7, 2016 .
↑ List of places for the Lorsch Codex, Zatzenhausen , Archivum Laureshamense - digital, Heidelberg University Library.
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 75-80.
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, p. 87 ff.
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, p. 89 ff.
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, p. 113 ff.
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 115-122.
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 122–127.
↑ Gühring, pp. 139-178.
↑ Gühring, pp. 195-200.
↑ Gühring, pp. 200-202, 222 f.
↑ The figures vary considerably in the various documents, depending on who was counted: i.e. adults, children, women, communicants, serfs, etc. In another compilation in Gühring p. 222 the following population figures are included: 1621: 514, 1641: 98, 1653: 183, 1661: 265, 1672: 308, 1684: 371, 1692: 359 plus 3 Catholics.
↑ Gühring, pp. 202 ff., 227-231.
↑ Gühring / Binder, pp. 273–338.
↑ Waßner, p. 124 f .; Güring / Binder, p. 288 ff.
↑ Miller / Potthoff, pp. 18-43.
↑ Schukraft, pp. 144-148.
↑ Mirow, pp. 573-598.
↑ Waßner, p. 118.
↑ Gühring / Binder, pp. 286-320.
↑ Waßler, p. 120.
↑ Gühring / Raberg, pp. 339-407; Gühring / Müller, pp. 411-476; Chronik, pp. 599-772; Benz / Ranke, pp. 34–49 and Gutmann / Jäckel / Longerich / Schoeps: Encyclopedia of the Holocaust Volumes I – III and Light on Dark Times , brochure of the Stadtjugendring Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2000.
↑ Gr. Ploetz, p. 764.
^ Basslers, p. 63.
↑ Chronicle, pp. 765–862.
↑ ^a ^b Gühring / Müller, pp. 411-418.
^ Personal names according to Weiß, Bibliographisches Lexikon zum Third Reich.
↑ Broszat / Frei / Plum, pp. 34–47.
↑ Broszat / Frei / Benz, pp. 48–64.
↑ Broszat / Frei / Herbst, pp. 65–79.
↑ ^a ^b Kammerer, pp. 64–67.
↑ Gühring / Müller, pp. 418-440.
↑ See Benz et al. a, p. 371: Unemployment had already passed its peak when Hitler came to power, and the job creation measures introduced by the previous governments began to take effect, as did the investments in industry, which the National Socialists ascribed exclusively to their work, and this also applies to the population was believed.
↑ How much this term originally differed from the fascism of the NSDAP is shown by the fact that Bismarck was repeatedly referred to in the press as the "first National Socialist" because he represented both German nationalism and social legislation. Like so many other things, the concept of National Social was perverted by the National Socialists.
↑ Kühnl, p. 87 ff.
^ Chronicle, p. 844.
↑ One of the most famous and notorious cases in this context is Richard Wagner's work from 1850: Judaism in Music , and Wagner was particularly appropriated by the National Socialists with his music and his German delicacy.
↑ SPD local association, p. 43.
↑ Eberhard, p. 15.
↑ SPD local association, p. 41 f., 43.
↑ stolpersteine-stuttgart.de
↑ stolpersteine-stuttgart.de . Ms. Inge Möller from the Stolperstein Initiative Zuffenhausen provided detailed information on the victims concerned .
↑ Gühring / Müller, pp. 440–454.
↑ Cf. the relevant publications by the political scientist Roman Fröhlich, z. B. “The use of prisoners from the SS camps in German companies using the example of Heinkel and HASAG. A comparison". Report of the Stuttgarter Zeitung of May 2, 2013, p. 28.
↑ ^a ^b ferdinand-porsche-gymnasium.de
↑ Gühring / Müller, pp. 444-450; Guhring / Beer, pp. 484-490.
^ Bassler, p. 120.
^ Bassler, p. 118.
↑ Gühring / Müller, pp. 450–454; Guhring / Beer, pp. 484-502.
↑ Gühring / Müller, pp. 454-464.
↑ Like other details from this time: self-report by NR
↑ Gühring / Beer, p. 479 ff., 500-518.
↑ Gühring / Beer, pp. 519-527.
↑ ^a ^b Tunnel B10 / 27 ( Memento from November 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3.8 MB)
↑ maps.google.de
↑ Gühring / Meyle, pp. 533-557.
↑ See Gühring / Meyle, pp. 529-557.
↑ Mirow, Volume 1, pp. 232 f., 237 f., 576 ff., 582 ff., 587 ff.
↑ ^a ^b Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 84–90.
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, p. 82 ff.
↑ Gühring, pp. 139-180.
↑ Gühring, pp. 204-223.
↑ Gühring / Binder, p. 286 ff.
↑ Gühring / Raberg, p. 364 f.
↑ Gühring / Raberg, pp. 350 ff., 392 ff.
↑ Gühring / Müller, p. 466 f .; Stadtjugendring, p. 28 f.
^ Bassler, p. 126.
↑ Gühring / Müller, pp. 450–454, 464–468, 520.
↑ Hirsch / Schuder, pp. 405-419.
↑ Gutmann, Jäckel et al., Volume 2, p. 762.
↑ ^a ^b Kammerer, p. 65.
↑ Kammerer, pp. 40, 57.
↑ Benz / Nowak, pp. 189-203.
↑ Gühring / Binder, pp. 275-280, 302 f., 371-381.
↑ Gühring / Müller, pp. 425-428.
↑ Gühring, pp. 240-256; Gühring / Binder pp. 275-283, 303 f.
↑ Waßner, pp. 42-46.
^ History of the Zuffenhausen inns. Stuttgarter Zeitung , August 23, 2011, archived from the original on December 23, 2016 .; accessed on July 10, 2020
↑ Gühring, pp. 166-170, 215-223, 256-263.
^ Bernd Zeyer: restaurants in Zuffenhausen . Stuttgarter Zeitung 23 August 2011 ( Memento from 29 April 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
↑ For comparison: Stuttgart had 50,000 inhabitants in 1850 and 107,000 in 1875, Schukraft, p. 156.
↑ Land map from 1827 (1: 4000) (PDF; 335 kB)
↑ Gühring / Binder, pp. 318-320.
↑ Gühring / Binder, pp. 305-320.
↑ Gühring / Raberg, pp. 339-352, 388 f.
↑ Gühring, pp. 566 f., 574 f .; Gühring / Raberg, p. 369 ff.
↑ www.bds-zuffenhausen.de
↑ Mirow, pp. 84-96.
↑ Gühring, pp. 170-176, 264-269; Gühring / Binder, p. 283 ff.
↑ Around 1700 a guilder had roughly the purchasing power that would be equivalent to 40–50 euros today.
↑ Gühring / Binder, pp. 315-318; Waßner, p. 123 f.
↑ Waßner, p. 124.
↑ Gühring / Raberg, pp. 341–352, 365 ff., 386 f.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 57 ff.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 59 ff.
↑ Gühring, pp. 147-150.
↑ Gühring / Friederich / Kull, pp. 61, 66.
↑ Gühring / Binder, pp. 296-30.
↑ Gühring / Meyle, p. 531 f.
↑ Gühring / Beer, p. 526 f .; Gühring / Meyle, p. 529 f., 541 ff.
^ Youth Council Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen
↑ PDF; 1.8 MB
↑ Gühring / Beer, pp. 477-481.
^ Zuffenhausen - residents ( Memento from November 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
↑ stuttgartzuffenhausen.de
↑ The “Stuttgart Data Compass” provides the exact data for the above estimates. It shows the following figures for 2011: Residents with a migration background near Stuttgart 100 in Zuffenhausen 129. Numerical: 18,329, of which 9,648 foreigners.
↑ Gühring / Meyle, pp. 535-538.
↑ Gühring / Raberg, p. 369 ff.
↑ Gühring, pp 559-594: churches and associations in Zuffenhausen. Overview of all Zuffenhausen clubs on Stuttgart.de
↑ Step by Step Porsche AG, March 18, 2014.
↑ The largest (as of 2003) deals with Gühring, pp. 559-584.
↑ ^a ^b Gühring / Raberg, pp. 400-407.
↑ Gühring, pp. 105-111.
↑ See the illustrations in Gühring, p. 324.
↑ Gühring / Heinz / Ehmer, pp. 585-590.
↑ z. B. Gühring, land map from 1825/40, p. 330 f.
↑ For the complete list of the cultural monuments of Zuffenhausen, see stuttgart-stadtgeschichte.net (PDF; 501 kB), pp. 201–209.
↑ An old dative plural on -en without the formation with -er cf. Hermann Paul : German Dictionary. 6th edition, p. 295. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1966.
↑ bv-zazenhausen.de
↑ Gühring / Ehmer, p. 67 f .; Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 57.
↑ Gühring / Schwämmle, pp. 129-138.

Literature and Sources

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Brockhaus encyclopedia in 24 volumes. 19th edition. FA Brockhaus, Mannheim 1994, ISBN 3-7653-1200-2 .
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Chronicle of the Germans. 3. Edition. Chronik Verlag, Gütersloh 1995, ISBN 3-577-14341-X .
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Israel Gutman , Eberhard Jäckel , Peter Longerich , Julius Schoeps (eds.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. The persecution and murder of the European Jews. 4 vols., 2nd edition. Piper, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 .
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Hansjörg Kammerer: Removed from office. Measures against Wuerttemberg pastors under the regiment of German Christians in autumn 1934. Association for Wuerttemberg Church History, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-7722-3044-X .
Erwin Keefer: Stone Age. Collections of the Württembergisches Landesmuseum, Volume 1. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8062-1106-X .
Reinhard Kühnl : German fascism in sources and documents. PapyRossa / Fourier, Wiesbaden / Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-932412-85-0 .
Hubert Lamb : Climate and Cultural History. The influence of the weather on the course of history. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek 1994, ISBN 3-499-55478-X .
State Center for Political Education Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Pocket book Baden-Württemberg. Laws - data - analysis. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-17-008226-4 .
Jens Lüning , Petar Stehli: The ceramic tape in Central Europe: from the natural to the cultural landscape. In: Spectrum of Science (Ed.): Settlements of the Stone Age . Spectrum-der Wissenschaft-Verlagsges., Heidelberg 1989, ISBN 3-922508-48-0 , pp. 110-120.
Golo Mann (Ed.): Propylaea World History. A universal story. Volume 8, 9, 10. Propylaeen Verlag, Berlin, Ullstein, Frankfurt 1986, ISBN 3-549-05731-8 .
Susanne Miller , Heinrich Potthoff: A short history of the SPD. Representation and documentation 1848–1983. 5th edition. Verlag Neue Gesellschaft, Bonn 1983, ISBN 3-87831-350-0 .
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Harald Schukraft : How Stuttgart became what it is. A short walk through the city's history. Silberburg Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-87407-222-3 .
SPD local association Zuffenhausen (ed.): 111 years SPD Zuffenhausen 1889-2000. Social democratic history using the example of a local association in Stuttgart. SPD local association, Zuffenhausen 2000.
Stadtjugendring Stuttgart e. V .: Light on dark times. Stuttgart from 1933 to 1945. Stuttgart 2000.
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Manfred Waßner: A short history of Baden-Württemberg. 2nd Edition. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8062-1665-7 .
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Website of the SSV Zuffenhausen e. V.

Web links

Commons : Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Zuffenhausen - in the description of the Oberamt Ludwigsburg from 1859

[1] Diaries. 3. Trip to Switzerland. http://www.zeno.org/nid/20004862341

[2] Gühring / Kull, p. 19.

[3] Gühring / Kull, pp. 19–28.

[4] Gühring / Kull, pp. 28–32.

[5] Lüning, p. 112 ff.

[6] Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 64.

[7] Gühring / Rees / Schweikart, pp. 181–193.

[8] Gühring / Kull, pp. 32–36.

[9] Gühring / Kull, p. 36 f.

[10] stuttgart.de

[11] Note: The generic term is city district . City districts such as Zuffenhausen, Feuerbach, Bad Cannstatt, etc. are in turn divided into city districts such as Rot, Zazenhausen, etc.

[12] Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 41 f.

[13] Müller-Beck, pp. 252, 257-260; Schukraft, p. 12 f.

[14] Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 42.

[15] Keefer, pp 90-107.

[16] Müller-Beck, p. 464 f.

[17] Keefer, pp. 90 ff., 106 ff .; Hoffmann, p. 236 ff.

[18] Schukraft, p. 14.

[19] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, pp. 42–44.

[20] Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 45.

[21] Keefer, pp. 126-139, 145 ff.

[22] Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 45 f.

[23] Stammheimer "Ötzis" ( Memento from November 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )

[24] Keefer, p. 170.

[25] Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 46 f.

[26] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 64 f.

[27] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 47 f.

[28] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 48 ff.

[29] Waßner, p. 24 f.

[30] Schukraft, pp. 14-17.

[31] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 52 f.

[32] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 55 ff.

[33] Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 67-92.

[34] Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2418, December 26, 788 - Reg. 2082. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 131 , accessed on May 7, 2016 .

[35] List of places for the Lorsch Codex, Zatzenhausen , Archivum Laureshamense - digital, Heidelberg University Library.

[36] Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 75-80.

[37] Gühring / Ehmer, p. 87 ff.

[38] Gühring / Ehmer, p. 89 ff.

[39] Gühring / Ehmer, p. 113 ff.

[40] Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 115-122.

[41] Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 122–127.

[42] Gühring, pp. 139-178.

[43] Gühring, pp. 195-200.

[44] Gühring, pp. 200-202, 222 f.

[45] The figures vary considerably in the various documents, depending on who was counted: i.e. adults, children, women, communicants, serfs, etc. In another compilation in Gühring p. 222 the following population figures are included: 1621: 514, 1641: 98, 1653: 183, 1661: 265, 1672: 308, 1684: 371, 1692: 359 plus 3 Catholics.

[46] Gühring, pp. 202 ff., 227-231.

[47] Gühring / Binder, pp. 273–338.

[48] Waßner, p. 124 f .; Güring / Binder, p. 288 ff.

[49] Miller / Potthoff, pp. 18-43.

[50] Schukraft, pp. 144-148.

[51] Mirow, pp. 573-598.

[52] Waßner, p. 118.

[53] Gühring / Binder, pp. 286-320.

[54] Waßler, p. 120.

[55] Gühring / Raberg, pp. 339-407; Gühring / Müller, pp. 411-476; Chronik, pp. 599-772; Benz / Ranke, pp. 34–49 and Gutmann / Jäckel / Longerich / Schoeps: Encyclopedia of the Holocaust Volumes I – III and Light on Dark Times , brochure of the Stadtjugendring Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2000.

[56] Gr. Ploetz, p. 764.

[57] Basslers, p. 63.

[58] Chronicle, pp. 765–862.

[Gühring/Müller,_S._411–418-59] Gühring / Müller, pp. 411-418.

[60] Personal names according to Weiß, Bibliographisches Lexikon zum Third Reich.

[61] Broszat / Frei / Plum, pp. 34–47.

[62] Broszat / Frei / Benz, pp. 48–64.

[63] Broszat / Frei / Herbst, pp. 65–79.

[Kammerer,_S._64–67-64] Kammerer, pp. 64–67.

[65] Gühring / Müller, pp. 418-440.

[66] See Benz et al. a, p. 371: Unemployment had already passed its peak when Hitler came to power, and the job creation measures introduced by the previous governments began to take effect, as did the investments in industry, which the National Socialists ascribed exclusively to their work, and this also applies to the population was believed.

[67] How much this term originally differed from the fascism of the NSDAP is shown by the fact that Bismarck was repeatedly referred to in the press as the "first National Socialist" because he represented both German nationalism and social legislation. Like so many other things, the concept of National Social was perverted by the National Socialists.

[68] Kühnl, p. 87 ff.

[69] Chronicle, p. 844.

[70] One of the most famous and notorious cases in this context is Richard Wagner's work from 1850: Judaism in Music , and Wagner was particularly appropriated by the National Socialists with his music and his German delicacy.

[71] SPD local association, p. 43.

[72] Eberhard, p. 15.

[73] SPD local association, p. 41 f., 43.

[74] stolpersteine-stuttgart.de

[75] stolpersteine-stuttgart.de . Ms. Inge Möller from the Stolperstein Initiative Zuffenhausen provided detailed information on the victims concerned .

[76] Gühring / Müller, pp. 440–454.

[77] Cf. the relevant publications by the political scientist Roman Fröhlich, z. B. “The use of prisoners from the SS camps in German companies using the example of Heinkel and HASAG. A comparison". Report of the Stuttgarter Zeitung of May 2, 2013, p. 28.

[ferdinand-porsche-gymnasium.de-78] rdinand-porsche-gymnasium.de

[79] Gühring / Müller, pp. 444-450; Guhring / Beer, pp. 484-490.

[80] Bassler, p. 120.

[81] Bassler, p. 118.

[82] Gühring / Müller, pp. 450–454; Guhring / Beer, pp. 484-502.

[83] Gühring / Müller, pp. 454-464.

[84] Like other details from this time: self-report by NR

[85] Gühring / Beer, p. 479 ff., 500-518.

[86] Gühring / Beer, pp. 519-527.

[stadtplanungsforum.de-87] Tunnel B10 / 27 ( Memento from November 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3.8 MB)

[88] s.google.de

[89] Gühring / Meyle, pp. 533-557.

[90] See Gühring / Meyle, pp. 529-557.

[91] Mirow, Volume 1, pp. 232 f., 237 f., 576 ff., 582 ff., 587 ff.

[Gühring/Ehmer,_S._84–90-92] Gühring / Ehmer, pp. 84–90.

[93] Gühring / Ehmer, p. 82 ff.

[94] Gühring, pp. 139-180.

[95] Gühring, pp. 204-223.

[96] Gühring / Binder, p. 286 ff.

[97] Gühring / Raberg, p. 364 f.

[98] Gühring / Raberg, pp. 350 ff., 392 ff.

[99] Gühring / Müller, p. 466 f .; Stadtjugendring, p. 28 f.

[100] Bassler, p. 126.

[101] Gühring / Müller, pp. 450–454, 464–468, 520.

[102] Hirsch / Schuder, pp. 405-419.

[103] Gutmann, Jäckel et al., Volume 2, p. 762.

[Kammerer,_S._65-104] Kammerer, p. 65.

[105] Kammerer, pp. 40, 57.

[106] Benz / Nowak, pp. 189-203.

[107] Gühring / Binder, pp. 275-280, 302 f., 371-381.

[108] Gühring / Müller, pp. 425-428.

[109] Gühring, pp. 240-256; Gühring / Binder pp. 275-283, 303 f.

[110] Waßner, pp. 42-46.

[111] History of the Zuffenhausen inns. Stuttgarter Zeitung , August 23, 2011, archived from the original on December 23, 2016 .; accessed on July 10, 2020

[112] Gühring, pp. 166-170, 215-223, 256-263.

[113] Bernd Zeyer: restaurants in Zuffenhausen . Stuttgarter Zeitung 23 August 2011 ( Memento from 29 April 2013 in the web archive archive.today )

[114] For comparison: Stuttgart had 50,000 inhabitants in 1850 and 107,000 in 1875, Schukraft, p. 156.

[115] Land map from 1827 (1: 4000) (PDF; 335 kB)

[116] Gühring / Binder, pp. 318-320.

[117] Gühring / Binder, pp. 305-320.

[118] Gühring / Raberg, pp. 339-352, 388 f.

[119] Gühring, pp. 566 f., 574 f .; Gühring / Raberg, p. 369 ff.

[120] www.bds-zuffenhausen.de

[121] Mirow, pp. 84-96.

[122] Gühring, pp. 170-176, 264-269; Gühring / Binder, p. 283 ff.

[123] Around 1700 a guilder had roughly the purchasing power that would be equivalent to 40–50 euros today.

[124] Gühring / Binder, pp. 315-318; Waßner, p. 123 f.

[125] Waßner, p. 124.

[126] Gühring / Raberg, pp. 341–352, 365 ff., 386 f.

[127] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 57 ff.

[128] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, p. 59 ff.

[129] Gühring, pp. 147-150.

[130] Gühring / Friederich / Kull, pp. 61, 66.

[131] Gühring / Binder, pp. 296-30.

[132] Gühring / Meyle, p. 531 f.

[133] Gühring / Beer, p. 526 f .; Gühring / Meyle, p. 529 f., 541 ff.

[134] Youth Council Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen

[135] PDF; 1.8 MB

[136] Gühring / Beer, pp. 477-481.

[137] Zuffenhausen - residents ( Memento from November 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

[138] stuttgartzuffenhausen.de

[139] The “Stuttgart Data Compass” provides the exact data for the above estimates. It shows the following figures for 2011: Residents with a migration background near Stuttgart 100 in Zuffenhausen 129. Numerical: 18,329, of which 9,648 foreigners.

[140] Gühring / Meyle, pp. 535-538.

[141] Gühring / Raberg, p. 369 ff.

[142] Gühring, pp 559-594: churches and associations in Zuffenhausen. Overview of all Zuffenhausen clubs on Stuttgart.de

[143] Step by Step Porsche AG, March 18, 2014.

[144] The largest (as of 2003) deals with Gühring, pp. 559-584.

[Gühring/Raberg,_S._400–407-145] Gühring / Raberg, pp. 400-407.

[146] Gühring, pp. 105-111.

[147] See the illustrations in Gühring, p. 324.

[148] Gühring / Heinz / Ehmer, pp. 585-590.

[149] z. B. Gühring, land map from 1825/40, p. 330 f.

[150] For the complete list of the cultural monuments of Zuffenhausen, see stuttgart-stadtgeschichte.net (PDF; 501 kB), pp. 201–209.

[151] An old dative plural on -en without the formation with -er cf. Hermann Paul : German Dictionary. 6th edition, p. 295. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1966.

[152] v-zazenhausen.de

[153] Gühring / Ehmer, p. 67 f .; Gühring / Friedrich / Kull, p. 57.

[154] Gühring / Schwämmle, pp. 129-138.