Etter
in the background an Etter fence with a gate
from the Schedel Chronicle
Etter (also: Öder), female, also male, is a southern German name for the enclosure of a medieval village.
term
In the past, Etter was usually understood to mean a boundary in the form of a wicker fence. Ettern is a very old word for the activity of fencing. The term eter occurs in some languages, such as Finnish aita, Estonian aid and aed, Lappish aidde and Irish ithir . The word meant fence, fenced-in field, or property. In the past, a thick wicker fence was also called an etter fence .
history
In contrast to cities with city walls , villages were mostly surrounded by hedges or wooden fences. In the three-field farming , the three parts of the land, the summer field, winter field and fallow land, were each surrounded by a fence or a hedge - see Hag - because they served as pasture for cattle in times when there was no fruit. One or more goals were also required in the eter.
The course of the Etter and its gates also had legal significance. In the Middle Ages and the early modern period, it often formed the political boundary between the legal jurisdiction of a closed Hofmark ( Hofmark within Etters , jurisdiction within Etter ) and the jurisdiction of the regional court of the sovereign. Here, for example, offenders were handed over from court officials to district court officials.
The term trap gate is also often mentioned in connection with the eter . For example, JA Schmeller says: “The trap gate, that, the butterfly, fence gate over driveways that closes by itself, especially one whereby the fenced area around a village can be closed off from the free field outside it because of the grazing cattle. In the villages that formed a closed Hofmark, the officials of the sovereign were often only allowed to come as far as the Falter in order to receive a criminal like the court judge delivered ... "
Usage today
Today, Etter also refers to the core area of a village (for example in “building land prices in the Ortsetter”).
literature
- Grammatical-critical dictionary of the High German dialect . zeno.org
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Historic cultural landscape elements in Bavaria . In: Bavarian State Office for the Environment (Hrsg.): Heimatpflege in Bayern . Series of publications by the Bavarian State Association for Homeland Care. tape 4 , 2013, ISBN 978-3-931754-54-9 , pp. 66 f .
- ↑ a b Ettern. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 3 : E – research - (III). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1862 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
- ^ J. A. Schmeller: Bavarian dictionary . ISBN 3-486-52603-0 , 1st volume, column 174-175.
- ^ J. A. Schmeller: Bavarian dictionary . Reprint Munich 1985, ISBN 3-486-52603-0 , Volume 1/1, 705