Dole

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Dole
Dole Coat of Arms
Dole (France)
Dole
Country France
region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department (no.) Jurassic (39)
Arrondissement Dole ( sub-prefecture )
Canton Dole-1 (main town)
Dole-2 (main town)
Community association Grand Dole
Coordinates 47 ° 6 '  N , 5 ° 29'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 6 '  N , 5 ° 29'  E
height 196– 341  m
surface 38.11  km²
Residents 23,770 (January 1, 2018)
Population density 624 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 39100
INSEE code 39198
Website www.doledujura.fr

Old town with Notre-Dame collegiate church, in front the Rhine-Rhône Canal

Dole is a French city with 23,770 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2018) in the Jura department , Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region .

geography

Dole is located on the western periphery of Franche-Comté, halfway (45 km each), a little south between Dijon and Besançon . The city lies on the Doubs just before the confluence of the Rhine-Rhône Canal .

history

Siege of Dole by the French in 1674

In 1422 Dola became the capital and seat of parliament of the Free County of Burgundy ( Franche-Comté ) in the Burgundian Empire . In that year a university was founded by the Duke of Burgundy Philip the Good . The university became one of the most important educational institutions for civil law and canon law in Western Europe.

In 1479 the French King Louis XI besieged . the Habsburg city, conquered the city against the fierce resistance of the inhabitants and set it on fire. Resistance from the residents remained strong and the city was returned to the Habsburgs by the French with the Treaty of Senlis in 1493 . This peace treaty after the Burgundian War of Succession between the Habsburgs and France regulated the controversial possession of the House of Burgundy after the death of Charles the Bold , who was without a male heir.

During the siege by French troops in 1636 during the Thirty Years' War under the leadership of Henri II. De Bourbon-Condé , the inhabitants resisted the 80-day siege from May to August that only 662 of the original 4500 inhabitants Residents saw the end of the siege. The French did not succeed in breaking the resistance of the city and on August 8, 1636, Condé received the order to break off the siege of Dole and to move with his troops to Picardy, where the French border fortress Corbie had to be recaptured. As a last resort to force the city to surrender, he was allowed to carry out the long-prepared mine blast . As a result, a dramatic situation arose outside the walls of the city on August 13th. An Imperial Lorraine relief army appeared within sight of the city and was supposed to drive out the French siege troops, and at the same time the French troops set fire to the mine. The explosion left such a huge crater that in the face of the advancing relief troops, storming the city was no longer possible. At the end of the siege, Richelieu expressed a certain admiration for the resistance of the inhabitants, which he would have wished for his own troops.

Under Louis XIV , the city was besieged again and conquered in the War of Devolution in 1668, returned in the Peace of Aachen in the same year, and then finally conquered and taken over by France again in the Dutch War in 1674. In 1676, two years after the last conquest, the new rulers moved the parliament of the Free County to Besançon, which was now the capital. A few years later, in the Peace of Nijmegen (1678/79), the free county and the free imperial city of Besançon were finally separated from the Holy Roman Empire and ceded to France. In 1691 the University of Dole was moved to Besançon.

The residents of Dole long struggled with their fate. The annexation to France resulted in a chain of humiliations. Dole lost the capital city function, the seat of parliament and the university to Besançon, the mint was closed and the fortifications destroyed under the direction of Vauban. Due to the loss of importance, the patrician families migrated to Besançon and Dole had to come to terms with the status of a small town.

In 1762 Nicolas Boileau introduced the unhistorical and thus incorrect spelling “Dôle” in his Art poétique , which was subsequently frequently copied and led to this spelling of the place name becoming firmly established. It was not until March 16, 1962 that the wrong spelling was abolished by decree and the historically correct form was reintroduced.

Fond-de-Dole

On May 18, 1323, the village of Fond-de-Dole was the scene of the wedding between Guigues VIII , Dauphin of Viennois, and Isabelle, daughter of King Philip V of France († 1322) and Countess Palatine Johanna II of Burgundy († 1330). This is the only time the Fond-de-Dole name has appeared in history.

After the death of her husband, Joan II returned to the Free County of Burgundy to rule their property. Dole was then the capital of the Free County. Even if Johanna II lived mainly in Gray or Salins , her daughter was married in Dole. Probably Fond-de-Dole was an earlier name for Dole or, like Villette-lès-Dole and Lavans-lès-Dole, a locality in the immediate vicinity.

Tourist Attractions

  • The Notre-Dame collegiate church from the 16th century with its 75 m high tower is worth seeing . The organ comes from Karl Joseph Riepp .
  • Around the church is the old town with numerous buildings from the 16th to 18th centuries.
  • The former Jesuit College de l'Arc now houses a grammar school .
  • The art museum is located in a building from the 18th century, the "Pavillon des Officiers". The house where Louis Pasteur was born is also a museum .

  • View of the old town

  • Canal des tanneurs (Canal of the Tanners)

Economy and Transport

Important branches of industry are mechanical engineering , metal , food and wood processing industries .

Dole is a transportation hub. The French motorways A 36 and A 39 intersect here . Dole station is on the Dijon – Frasne – Vallorbe railway line (section of the Paris – Lausanne line ); it is the starting point of the Dole – Besançon – Belfort railway (section of the Dijon – Strasbourg line ). The Dole-Jura regional airport is located in the municipality of Tavaux .

Between 1978 and 1984 the international long-distance train TEE Cisalpin stopped in Dole .

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2017
Residents 24,730 27,419 29,295 26,889 26,577 24,949 24,606 23,708
Sources: Cassini and INSEE

Town twinning

Dole maintains city partnerships with

Personalities

Louis Pasteur

Web links

Commons : Dole  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Dole in the Topographia Circuli Burgundici (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry " Dole " in the Topographia Circuli Burgundici by M. Merian
  2. ^ University of Dole
  3. ^ Lothar Höbelt: From Nördlingen to Jankau. Imperial strategy and warfare 1634-1645 . In: Republic of Austria, Federal Minister for State Defense (Ed.): Writings of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien . tape 22 . Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-902551-73-3 , p. 131, 132 .