Northwich
| Northwich | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Coordinates | 53 ° 16 ′ N , 2 ° 31 ′ W | ||
| OS National Grid | SJ651733 | ||
|
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| Residents | 19,924 ( 2011 ) | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | NORTHWICH | ||
| ZIP code section | CW8, CW9 | ||
| prefix | 01606 | ||
| Part of the country | England | ||
| region | North West England | ||
| Ceremonial county | Cheshire | ||
| Unitary authority | Cheshire West and Chester | ||
| Civil Parish | Northwich | ||
| British Parliament |
Weaver Vale Tatton |
||
| Website: http://www.northwichtc.plus.com/ | |||
Northwich is a city and civil parish in the Unitary Authority of Cheshire West and Chester and in the ceremonial county of Cheshire in England . It is located in the middle of the Cheshire Plain at the confluence of the Weaver and Dane Rivers , about 29 km (18 mi) east of Chester and 24 km (15 mi) south of Warrington . In 2014, The Sunday Times newspaper named Northwich one of the best places to live in the UK.
Salt has been extracted in the Northwich area since Roman times , first by salt boiling and later by mining . The city has long been affected by subsidence . From 2005 to 2007 the former mines in the urban area were stabilized by backfilling.
history
Antiquity
In Roman times , Northwich was known as Condate . This name is interpreted as the Latinization of a British place name meaning "confluence". Places of the same name are particularly known from Gaul ; in Northwich the rivers Dane and Weaver join .
Northwich is recorded in two Roman documents. In the Itinerarium Antonini , a road map from the 3rd century , it is listed in two of the 14 parts: Route II ("the way from the rampart to the port of Rutupiae ") and Route X ("the way from Glannoventa to Mediolanum "). In the 7th century Ravenna cosmography , Condate is mentioned between entries for Salinae and Ratae Corieltavorum (now Leicester , Leicestershire , then the capital of the Corielravi tribe ).
The interest of the Romans is attributed to the strategically important river crossing and the abundance of salt in the area. A Roman military camp dated to the year 70 has been archaeologically proven in the part of the city now known as the Castle . It was built along with other fortifications in what is now north-west England when the Romans advanced north from Chester.
The town's relationship to salt production is also reflected in the current place name. The ending "-wich", which also occurs in the names of other cities in Cheshire ( Middlewich , Nantwich and Leftwich ), is derived from the Old Norse wic (bay), which is associated with the traditional method of salt production by evaporation. A salt- making operation was therefore called wych-house , and Northwich is the northernmost of the -wich towns in Cheshire.
Middle Ages and early modern times
Northwich is recorded in the Domesday Book :
"In the same Mildestuic hundred there was a third wich called Norwich [Northwich] and it was at farm for £ 8.
There were the same laws and customs there as there were in the other wiches and the king and the earl similarly divided the renders.
... All the other customs in these wiches are the same.
This was waste when (Earl) Hugh received it; it is now worth 35s. "
“In the same Mildestuic [Middlewich] Hundred was a third wich called Norwich [Northwich] and it was ordered for eight pounds.
The same laws and customs applied there as in the other wiches and the king and the count shared the income similarly.
... All other customs in these wiches are the same.
This was desolate when (Count) Hugh received it; it is now worth 35 shillings. "
The Earls of Chester ruled Northwich until their family died out in 1237. Northwich then became a crown estate, a noble family was allowed to collect the taxes for a fixed rent.
The centuries-old salt production is also mentioned in the description of the city by John Leland in 1540:
"Northwich is a pratie market town but fowle,
and by the Salters houses be great stakes of smaul cloven wood,
to see the salt water that thei make white salt of."
"Northwich is a pretty market town, but filthy,
and
the salt maker's houses have large piles of split kindling to boil the salt water from which they make white salt."
During the Civil War , Northwich was fortified and occupied for the supporters of Parliament between 1642 and 1643 by Sir William Brereton .
The salt deposits under Northwich were rediscovered in the 1670s by employees of the local Smith-Barry family searching for coal in the grounds of the family residence Marbury Hall north of town.
19th and early 20th centuries
In the 19th century, the dry mining of rock salt became unprofitable. Instead, wet mining was used . Salt was obtained from the brine by evaporation. The process reduced the stability of the rock and led to subsidence in the city and its surroundings. This is how Lake Witton Flash was created in 1880 when the River Weaver filled a collapse crater. The large number of surviving half-timbered houses in Northwich is explained by the fact that these could withstand the movements of the ground better than brick buildings. Some houses were also built on steel frames that could be realigned if the ground moved.
The salt museum is now located in the former workhouse .
In 1874, John Brunner and Ludwig Mond founded the Brunner Mond company in Winnington and began producing soda in the ammonia-soda process according to Solvay , which uses rock salt as a raw material. Mining areas were used to deposit the waste from soda production. These were deposited on "limestone fields" using cranes and by rail. The alkaline wastes made the land unusable.
The first known swimming pool in Northwich, Verdin Baths on Verdin Park Street, was opened by Robert Verdin in 1887 on the occasion of Queen Victoria's jubilee . It was a half-timbered building with a 60 ft × 20 ft (about 18 m × 6 m) large cast iron basin and five tubs as well as the inscription Cleanliness is next to Godliness (for example: " Cleanliness is close to Godliness ") on the entrance side but not sufficient for the existing needs. Mountain subsidence led to its closure in 1911; up until then there were around 20,000 guests a year who also benefited from their health benefits from salt water baths. In 1912 it was demolished by a Preston company.
As a result, the Northwich Public Baths were built. On September 16, 1913, the project was approved for a total cost of £ 11,732 and an insurance sum of £ 10,500. Brunner Mond & Co supplied 10,000 gallons of salt water per day. J. Ernest Franck, a London architect with experience building the Hammersmith Baths in Lime Grove (1907) led the project. Floating sand under the site made it necessary to build a reinforced concrete tub for an additional £ 3,000. With the outbreak of World War I , the opening ceremony was delayed until August 28, 1915. When the new Moss Farm Pool was opened, the salt water baths closed on January 23, 1991.
Modern developments
In 1975, Marbury Country Park was the first area to be reclaimed and has become a popular recreational area. Furey Wood followed in 1987 , and in the following years the department of Cheshire County Council responsible for such regeneration measures restored Anderton Nature Park, Witton Flash, Dairy House Meadows, Witton Mill Meadows, Ashton's Flash and Neumann's Flash. A total of 323 hectares of public land known as the Northwich Community Woodlands has been reclaimed.
In February 2004, the stabilization of the former salt mines under Northwich began. English Partnerships provided £ 28 million as part of their land stabilization program to solve problems with unstable mining structures across England. The mines Baron's Quay, Witton Bank, Neumann's and Penny's Lane, the subsidence of which caused damage in the city center, were included. Stabilization involved pumping out millions of liters of salt water and pouring in a mixture of pulverized coal ash, cement and salt. The work was finished at the end of 2007.
After the stabilization of the former mines, the Vision for Northwich project redesigned Hayhurst Quay with a Waitrose supermarket, a marina with 40 berths, leisure facilities and an apartment block with 58 serviced apartments. The old courthouse and Memorial Hall were also demolished and replaced by Memorial Court , a sports, cultural and leisure center with a swimming pool (construction costs £ 12.5 million). In addition, Barons Quay will be transformed into a shopping and leisure center with approximately 28,000 m² of retail space, a cinema, restaurants and cafes, public green spaces and almost 1,200 parking spaces, creating up to 1,600 new jobs for £ 80 million. Asda and Odeon Cinemas are anchor tenants . Construction started at the end of 2014, the first construction phase is scheduled to open in autumn 2016.
administration
Northwich has long been part of Cheshire . When the Domesday Book was written in 1086 , Northwich belonged to the Hundred of Middlewich, and since the 14th century to a separate Hundreds of Northwich. This change was likely made in the 12th century . Northwich has been referred to as a borough since about 1288 , but no statute has been preserved.
Northwich originally only took up about 53,000 m² of area at the confluence of the Weaver and Dane, to the east of which was the much larger settlement Witton cum Twambrooks, to the south was Leftwich , to the southwest Castle Northwich and northwest Winnington .
The manor in Northwich was bestowed on the Stanley family in 1484, which became the Earls of Derby , and remained in the family's hands until the late 18th century . As a result of the Local Government Act 1858 , the Local Board of Health, founded on June 26, 1863, bought the estate from an Arthur Heywood Esq in 1871. In 1875 the local boards of Northwich and Witton cum Twambrooks merged, in 1880 those for Castle Northwich and parts of Hartford , Winnington and Leftwich were added. On September 10, 1894, these areas were combined to form the Civil parish of Northwich and then administered by the Northwich Urban District Council.
In 1936 the city was expanded to include parts of Winnington, Lostock Gralam , Barnton , Leftwich and Rudheath , and in 1955 parts of Davenham , Hartford, Rudheath and Whatcroft .
The Local Government Act 1972 replaced the Urban District Council (UDC) of Northwich with the new District (later Borough) Council Vale Royal , which covered the areas of the former Northwich Urban District Council, Northwich Rural District Council, Winsford Urban District Council and partly the Runcorn Rural District Council includes. Northwich Town Council now has the status of a Civil Parish Cuuncil with the five districts of Leftwich, Northwich, Castle, Winnington and Witton. Vale Royal Borough Council was dissolved on April 1, 2009, and Northwich became the new Unitary Authority of Cheshire West and Chester .
From 1885 to 1983 Northwich was a parliamentary constituency. Northwich was then split between the constituencies of Tatton and Eddisbury until the 1997 general election as the Weaver Vale constituency. Graham Evans ( Conservative Party ) has been MP for Weaver Vale since 2010 .
The city coat of arms bears the Latin motto “Sal est Vita” (“Salt is life”).
geography
Northwich is located on the Cheshire Plain at 53,255 ° N and 2,522 ° W between 5 m to 12 m above mean sea level. It is surrounded by the following parishes (civil parishes, counting clockwise from the north): Anderton with Marbury , Marston , Wincham , Lostock Gralam , Rudheath , Davenham , Hartford , Weaverham , Barnton .
In the city center is the confluence of the Weaver and Dane rivers . The surrounding area consists of rolling pastureland . Mine subsidence caused by the collapse of former salt mines led to the formation of so-called flashes , i.e. H. basins filled by lakes or swamps. There are also several shallow lakes in the area , known as meres , such as Budworth Mere north and Pick Mere northeast of the city.
The subsoil consists of salty layers of the lower Keuper , from which rock salt was mined. Alluvial deposits are found in the river valleys and form the surface in most of the urban area. Boulder clay deposits are found in the vicinity of the city , and glacial sands and gravel can be found in the northwest of the city.
The climate is temperate with no noticeable temperature or weather extremes. The mean annual temperature and sunshine hours are slightly above the UK average, while the average annual rainfall is slightly below the national average. There is only snow on a few days, although air temperatures below 0 ° C occur on some days of the year.
population
In 1664 Northwich was given a population of 560. Since the 19th century it has developed as follows:
| Northwich population since 1801 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| Residents | 1,338 | 1,382 | 1,490 | 1,481 | 1,368 | 1,377 | 1,190 | 1,244 | 12,256 | 14,914 | 17,611 | 18,151 | 18,381 | 18,732 | 17,489 | 19,592 | 18,136 | 17,098 | 18,316 | 19,259 | 19,924 |
| Sources: | |||||||||||||||||||||
The 2001 census showed Northwich a population of 19259, of which 9761 (50.7%) male and 9498 (49.3%) female. There were 8,253 households with an average size of 2.32 people, slightly below the national average of 2.36.
The 2011 census showed Northwich a population of 19,924, of which 9,878 (49.6%) male and 10,046 (50.4%) female. There were 8,808 households with an average size of 2.62 since 2001.
economy
Northwich has been referred to as a market place since at least 1535 , but no document has survived. Even today there is still a market in the city.
Salt mining dominated the town's economy, but a 1353 customs list for cargo carried over the Northwich Bridge lists goods that suggest a broader economic basis such as carcases, hides, textiles, fish, alcoholic beverages , Dairy products, household goods, metals, glass or millstones. A gristmill has also been documented since 1332 , and several mills since 1343.
Salt production was linked to the chemical industry, which was concentrated in ICI's three sites in Winnington, Wallerscote and Lostock. In 1933, in Winnington, the first method for the production of polyethylene that could be used in industrial practice was discovered by chance .
Since 1887, the Frank Roberts & Sons bakery has been linked to the town, which is now based in Rudheath on the A556. Two of the three branches, Roberts Bakery and The Little Treats Co, are based in Northwich and the third, Aldred's The Bakers , is based in Ilkeston, Derbyshire.
Today, numerous employers for the people of Northwich are located in nearby Rudheath and Hartford .
According to the 2001 population census, Northwich had 13,928 residents aged 16 to 74 years. Of these, 8,908 (64.0%) were classified as economically active, 4,268 (30.6%) as inactive and 455 (3.3%) as unemployed.
Culture and sport
The four-day Northwich Festival with music and sporting events is held annually on the bank holiday in August and the weekend immediately before at the Moss Farm Sports Complex, for a few years a weight training competition was the main attraction on the holiday itself. In April this has been held by the local cycling club Weaver Valley since 1980 CC sponsored cycle race Cheshire Classic Women's Road Race as the longest race for women of the National Road Race Series held by British Cycling with prominent participants.
In August 2011, the first Northwich Medieval Festival was held in Verdin Park.
Northwich Memorial Hall , opened in 1960, has hosted numerous events including the Purple Cactus Comedy Club. It was closed for remodeling in 2013 and replaced by the controversial Memorial Court Facility that opened in 2015 .
The Harlequin Theater performs six plays a year and is home to the Northwich Folk Club, which has existed since 1977.
The cinema shelf, which closed in 2007 and was subsequently demolished, was to be replaced by a new one at Baron's Quay. However, this has not happened yet.
Several Northwich residents were or are members of bands such as Placebo , who created the soundtrack for Cruel Intentions . Tim Burgess of The Charlatans lived in Northwich and was originally managed by Steve Harrison of the Omega Music record store in town.
With James Boag-Munroe, a fictional ghost hunter in the books of horror author Stuart Neild, Northwich has its own novel hero. In the first volume, entitled A Haunted Man , which combines reality and supernatural fantasy, Boag-Munroe experiences adventures in the haunted salt mines below the city. Other books by the same author, on which a film series is based, are set in Northwich and North West England .
Northwich has two local newspapers, the Northwich Guardian , published by Newsquest and the Northwich Chronicle , published by Trinity Mirror . The broadcaster Cheshire FM covers central Cheshire including Northwich.
Northwich is home to the Witton Albion , Northwich Victoria and 1874 Northwich football teams , the rugby union teams Northwich RUFC and Winnington Park and the 1962-founded Weaver Valley CC cycling club which set up in 1962, whose members include former television commentator Paul Sherwen and the top athlete Alan Kemp belong. Weaver Valley CC participates in road races, time trials (with a weekly club race during the summer), track races, and off-road driving. He supports three road races, a series of lap races at Oulton Park in June and the Cat and Fiddle Hill Climb and Cyclo-Cross in September and does training rides from Winnington Park rugby club on Sundays. There are also several amateur cricket clubs in and around Northwich including Winnington Park CC, Davenham CC, Weaverham CC, Northwich CC and Hartford CC. The Northwich Swimming Club , a successful competitive swimming club , was first founded in the late 19th century .
Sights and places of faith
City parish church is St. Helen Witton , a listed building of international importance . It had its origins in a branch church known as the Chapel of Witton of the parish of Great Budworth , which served the local population. Its founding date is not known, but it is said to have existed as early as the 13th century . Nothing of it has survived in today's church. There is no documentary evidence of the dating of the older parts of the current building, but stones in the masonry of the porch have inscriptions ascribed to Ricardus Alkoke Capellanus . This name is known from documents from 1468 on land sales in Northwich and Lostock Gralam , but this does not allow an accurate dating. It was not until August 7, 1900 that the parish of Witton (or Northwich) was formed from parts of the parishes of Great Budworth, Davenham and others in the area.
The Roman Catholic Church of St Wilfrid was built in 1866. The Methodist Chapel in Northwich opened in 1990, but Methodists had been in Northwich at least since 1774 when John Wesley laid the foundation stone for the first chapel in the London Road area.
The Northwich Union Workhouse ( workhouse ) opened in 1837 after the New Poor Law of 1834 standardized the system of poor relief in England and Wales. Today the Weaver Hall Museum is located in the building.
The Edwardian Pumping Station on Dock Road is a Grade II listed building of National Significance and Interest . It was in 1913 on behalf of Northwich Urban District Council built and pumped more than 60 years, wastewater from parts of Northwich to the sewage treatment plant Wallerscote. Previously, untreated wastewater was dumped directly into the River Weaver, causing widespread pollution.
Two swing bridges , Hayhurst Bridge from 1898 and Town Bridge from 1899, cross the Weaver in Northwich. Designed by Colonel John Saner, they were the first electrically powered swing bridges in Great Britain and were built on pontoons to counteract the subsidence caused by mining.
Anchored near the confluence of the Weaver and Dane rivers , the Floatel Northwich , the only floating hotel in the UK, which closed in 2009 after the operating company The Real Hotel Company plc went bankrupt . It has since been removed.
traffic
In the past, water transport played the most important role. By 1732 the River Weaver between Frodsham Bridge and Winsford Bridge was expanded to such an extent that vehicles up to 160 tons could travel to Northwich Bridge. The Trent and Mersey Canal , opened in 1775, passed Northwich north due to objections from the trustees of the Weaver Navigation, but ran near salt deposits at Marston , and many of the salt mines that opened later, including the Lion Salt Works, were on the canal. The Anderton boat lift opened in 1875 and connected canal and river traffic. In 2002 it was fully restored and a visitor center was set up.
The road network around Northwich has its origins in Roman times. The main roads A556 and A559 follow the course of the Roman Road from Chester to York . Today the A556 branches off the route of the Roman road and follows a new route south of the city as a bypass road. The road from Chester to Manchester became toll in 1769. The A530 , known as King Street, also runs near the city and follows the route of the Roman Road between Warrington and Middlewich. However, the old route from Middlewich to Warrington and the north was replaced by a new one via Knutsford, which became toll in 1753. Northwich is linked to the M56 motorway to the north of the city by the A559 and the M6 to the east of the city by the A556 .
With the route of the Cheshire Midland Railway from Knutsford, Northwich received a railway connection in 1863. The West Cheshire Railway built its line to Helsby in 1869 , and passenger trains ran from Northwich to Chester via Delamere from 1875. The route through Northwich, with its station last rebuilt in 1897, is now known as the Mid-Cheshire Line and is used by trains between Chester and Manchester Driving on Piccadilly . Nearby train stations also include Greenbank, also on the Mid-Cheshire Line, and Hartford on the West Coast Main Line .
There are bus services between Northwich and several locales including Weaverham, Hartford, Crewe , Warrington, Kelsall and Chester.
education
In 1557 a grammar school was established near St. Helen Witton Church , known as the Witton Grammar School, which was relocated to a location south of the city in 1907/1908. It became what is now Sir John Deane's College , a Sixth Form College .
Higher education is also provided in Northwich through Mid Cheshire College on London Road.
The Grange School in Northwich is one of the leading independent schools in Cheshire.
Secondary schools for Northwich include Leftwich County High School with a major in media arts, University of Chester Academy Northwich (formerly Rudheath Community High School) with a major in the performing arts, and Hartford High School, and Hartford St. Nicholas Catholic High School , which is characterized by good exam results.
There are several differently sponsored elementary schools, including The Grange Junior School, Witton Church Walk CofE Primary School, Victoria Road Primary School, Charles Darwin Community Primary School, Winnington Park Community Primary and Nursery School, St. Wilfrid's Catholic Primary School, Hartford Manor Primary School, Hartford County Primary School, and Kingsmead Primary School, shortlisted for the Prime Minister's Better Public Building Award in 2005 . Rosebank School teaches autistic children ages 3-11 .
Several new schools were established in the 19th century, and by 1850 there were twelve academies in the Northwich area.
In November 2005, part of the station building was refurbished as part of the Northwich Vision project, creating a lifelong learning center called Zone , which provides access to a range of courses taught online or in person.
Personalities
- Sue Birtwistle (* 1945), television producer and honorary doctorate from the University of Chester
- Steve Hewitt (* 1971), 1996–2007 drummer in the band Placebo
- Rupert Holmes (* 1947), composer, songwriter and author
- Matthew Langridge (* 1983), rower, grew up in Northwich
- Michael Oakes (* 1973), former goalkeeper for Aston Villa and Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Premier League
- Jennifer Saunders (* 1958), actress, comedian and author, attended Northwich Girls' Grammar School (now County High School Leftwich)
- Robert Westall (1929-1993), writer and youth author, lived in Northwich and taught at Sir John Deane's Grammar School.
- Jacqueline Yallop (* 1969), museum curator, university lecturer for creative writing, author of successful novels and non-fiction books on cultural history. Graduated from Sir John Deane's College in 1987.
Twin cities
Twin towns of Northwich are Dole in France (since 1960) and Carlow in Ireland . A partnership existed between Vale Royal and Rychnov nad Kněžnou in the Czech Republic until 2010.
Web links
- Cheshire West and Chester Council
- GoNorthwich
- Tata Chemicals Europe
- Northwich Festival
- Northwich Town Council
- Northwich and Rural North community website
Individual evidence
- ^ Parish population 2011 . Retrieved May 27, 2015.
- ^ Gina Bebbington: Northwich is one of the best places to live in the UK - again . In: Northwich Guardian . Retrieved September 30, 2015.
- ↑ ARUP: Northwich salt mines stabilization . Retrieved September 30, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Mike Shaw, Jo Clark: Cheshire Historic Towns Survey: Northwich: Archaeological Assessment (PDF) In: Cheshire County Council . Retrieved September 30, 2015.
- ↑ a b Condate . In: Roman-Britain.org website . Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
- ↑ Isaac Taylor: Words and Places, Or, Etymological Illustrations of History, Ethnology, and Geography . Macmillan, 1864, p. 578.
- ^ Henry Ellis: A General Introduction to Domesday Book 1833, p. 543 (accessed September 30, 2015).
- ^ Cheshire Townships, Cities & Major Villages . In: Manchester UK website . Archived from the original on June 12, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
- ↑ Fred H. Crossley: Cheshire 1949.
- ↑ a b c d History of the Northwich Woodlands . In: Northwich Community Woodlands website . Archived from the original on January 6, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ^ Tata Chemicals Europe: History . In: Brunner Mond website . Retrieved October 1, 2015.
- ^ Verdin Baths, 1887-1911 . Archived from the original on July 24, 2013.
- ^ Northwich Brine Baths, 1915-1991 . Archived from the original on July 24, 2013.
- ↑ £ 28 million funding approved for Northwich salt mines . In: English Partnerships website . Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 5, 2006.
- ↑ Land Stabilization Programs . In: English Partnership website . Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ^ Northwich's Salt Mines Have Been Stabilized . In: Northwich Vision website . Retrieved on September 4, 2008. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Welcome to Northwich Vision website . Archived from the original on November 16, 2006. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 5, 2006.
- ↑ Barons Quay . In: Northwich Riverside . Retrieved February 7, 2014.
- ↑ a b Kelly’s Directory of Cheshire (1896), p. 409
- ^ Ordnance Survey (1875). Cheshire Sheet XXXIV (SW), 1st edition.
- ^ Vision of Britain. Northwich UD ( Memento of the original from December 24, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved December 24, 2008.
- ↑ BBC: BBC News - Election 2010 - Constituency - Weaver Vale . Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ↑ BBC: Weaver Vale Parliamentary constituency . 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ Civic Heraldry of England and Wales: Northwich Town Council . Retrieved October 2, 2015.
- ↑ 'A pool, a marshy place': also later (1883), 'Flash (Cheshire), a subsidence of the surface due to the working of rock salt and pumping of brine.' Oxford English Dictionary , 2nd edition 1989. , also in New English Dictionary 1896.
- ↑ The total numbers shown here refer to Northwich township (1801–1871), Northwich Local Board (1881–1891), Northwich Urban District (1901–1971) and Northwich Civil Parish (1981–2001). In 1873, 1936 and 1955 the boundaries of these areas were changed with corresponding effects on the figures for the following years.
- ↑ a b c Parish Headcounts: Northwich CP . In: National Statistics website . Retrieved December 5, 2006.
- ↑ Cheshire Parishes: Northwich . In: GENUKI website . Retrieved August 31, 2008.
- ↑ Key Figures for 2011 CensusKey Figures for 2011 Census .
- ^ Winnington history in the making . In: This is Cheshire . Retrieved December 5, 2006.
- ↑ http://www.frank-roberts.co.uk/
- ^ Parish Profile - Work and Qualifications: Northwich CP . In: National Statistics website . Retrieved January 9, 2007.
- ^ Northwich Festival . Retrieved November 10, 2015.
- ^ UK Strongman North . In: UK Strongman North website . Archived from the original on September 11, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
- ^ Weaver Valley Cycling Club . Retrieved November 10, 2015.
- ^ Cheshire Classic Women's Road Race . Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
- ^ Cheshire West and Chester Council: Northwich Medieval Festival . Retrieved November 10, 2015.
- ^ Northwich Memorial Hall . In: Vale Royal Borough Council website . Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
- ↑ Dave Goodban: Purple Cactus Comedy Club makes a welcome return to Northwich . The Mid Cheshire Chronicle , March 10, 2009 (Retrieved May 4, 2009). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Northwich Folk Club .
- ^ It's All Systems Go For The New Baron's Quay . In: Northwich Vision website . Retrieved August 28, 2008.
- ^ Charlatans, The Biography . In: Musician Biography website . Retrieved August 29, 2008.
- ^ Once upon a time in the Midlands . In: BBC website . Retrieved December 5, 2006.
- ↑ Harries, Michael & Lynch, Colin - An Illustrated History of Northwich Parish & Church , 1981, ISBN 0-9507648-0-9 .
- ^ St John Vianney Roman Catholic Parish, Cheshire. St. Wilfrid's, Northwich . Retrieved November 17, 1015.
- ^ Northwich Church - how we used to be . Retrieved November 17, 1015.
- ^ Movable Bridges in the British Isles. 41-Hayhurst Bridge - Weaver Navigation . Retrieved November 17, 1015.
- ^ Movable Bridges in the British Isles. 39-Town Bridge - Weaver Navigation . Retrieved November 17, 1015.
- ↑ Floatel . Northwich Guardian. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
- ^ A b Anderton Boat Lift . In: Anderton Boat Lift website . Retrieved September 3, 2008.
- ^ RP Griffiths: The Cheshire Lines Railway . Oakwood Press, 1947.
- ↑ Bus service timetables . Cheshire West & Chester Council.
- ^ Nicholas Carlisle: A Concise Description of the Endowed Grammar Schools in England and Wales . Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, London 1818, pp. 129-136.
- ↑ Mid Cheshire College locations . Archived from the original on March 8, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
- ↑ Rudheath High School catchment area . Retrieved February 10, 2009.
- ↑ Hartford High School catchment area . Retrieved February 10, 2009.
- ^ Kingsmead primary school, Northwich, Cheshire . Better public building. Archived from the original on February 18, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
- ^ Get On Board With Lifelong Learning . In: Northwich Vision website . Retrieved on September 2, 2008. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Talented trio awarded honorary doctorates . In: University of Chester . March 10, 2008. Archived from the original on October 26, 2008.
- ^ Robert Westall: From art tutor to world famous author . In: This is Cheshire . Retrieved March 14, 2008.
- ^ British Towns Twinned with French Towns . Retrieved November 17, 2015.
- ^ No more free holidays for counselors . Northwich Guardian. August 10, 2009.
