Friedrich Theodor Vischer

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Friedrich Theodor Vischer, mid-19th century

Friedrich Theodor Vischer , from 1870 von Vischer (born June 30, 1807 in Ludwigsburg , † September 14, 1887 in Gmunden am Traunsee ), pseudonyms Philipp U. Schartenmayer and Deutobold Symbolizetti Allegoriowitsch Mystificinsky , was a German literary scholar and philosopher in the field of aesthetics , Writers and politicians . Because of the unusual spelling of his name, he was also quoted as the "V-Vischer".

Childhood and youth

Vischer's birthplace in Ludwigsburg

Vischer was born as the son of the Protestant pastor of Ludwigsburg - in the rank of senior helper (see superintendent ) - Christian Friedrich Benjamin Vischer and Christiane Stäudlin, sister of the poet Gotthold Stäudlin . The father was a free-thinking theologian, humorous, benevolent and raised his children with love and severity. As a Württemberg patriot, he hated Napoleon and wrote passionate poems against the emperor. During his service as a military chaplain, he fell ill with typhus and died in 1814 at the age of 46. The city of Ludwigsburg erected a grave monument in his honor.

The mother had to leave the rectory and moved into a few attic rooms with the children in Stuttgart on Hospitalstrasse. Vischer attended the Eberhard-Karls-Gymnasium, where he mainly learned Latin and how to write Latin texts. He had a passion for painting and the theater. His mother made it possible for him to make his own attempts at painting in the workshops of artists she knew and to attend performances at the Stuttgart theater. But his talent was not enough - as the painter Eberhard von Wächter said - to become a painter. In addition, the poor financial circumstances of the family made it necessary to strive for a lucrative job.

Vischer was to become a pastor like his father. From 1821 he attended with David Friedrich Strauss , a friend from Ludwigsburg, the lower seminary of Blaubeuren for future pastors. Here he was prepared for his Abitur with free board and lodging in a gymnasium , which Vischer passed in 1825. During his time in this Protestant monastery school, he stood out for his wit and humor as well as his talent for drawing, especially with caricatures.

Study and Theology

Then Vischer began studying theology , philosophy and philology in Tübingen . Vischer heard u. a. Dogmatics with Johann Christian Friedrich Steudel and was influenced by Ferdinand Christian Baur . In 1825 he joined the Old Tübingen fraternity (later Germania Tübingen ). In 1829 Vischer met Ludwig Uhland and Justinus Kerner and became friends with Eduard Mörike . A visit to Friedrich Hölderlin also falls during this time. In 1830 he passed the first theological exam with the best possible grade of Ia, and received a silver medal for his sermon. In 1832 Vischer received his doctorate and passed the second theological exam.

After the first exam, Vischer went to the vicariate in Horrheim . In 1831 he was repetent at the Evang.-theol. Seminar in Maulbronn . After completing his doctorate, he went on a Magister trip to Munich, via Göttingen , Berlin , Dresden , Prague and Vienna . In 1834 Vischer became a repetitee at the Tübingen monastery , for which he had to cancel a successful application for a pastorate in Herrenberg . When he took up the repetition position, Vischer was already internally alienated from university theology.

Teaching

Vischer's study in the Ludwigsburg Municipal Museum

In November 1835, Vischer accepted a position as a private lecturer for aesthetics and German literature at the University of Tübingen . He completed his habilitation with the book On the Sublime and the Funny . In 1837 he was appointed associate professor against some opposition. In that year he also began to support, with David Friedrich Strauss, Arnold Ruge , who rebelled against the orthodox Hegelianism of Berlin, in the yearbooks for scientific criticism and to publish the left-Hegelian Halle yearbooks for German science and art himself . Over this cooperation and a dispute about his work The Old and New Faith , it came to a break with Strauss. Finally, Ruge's indifferent attitude towards Bruno Bauer led to the end of the work on the yearbooks.

From the summer of 1839 to the autumn of 1840, Vischer traveled to Italy and Greece and then gave lectures on art history and painting, as well as highly regarded lectures on Goethe , especially Faust , and Shakespeare . In 1844 he was appointed full professor and received the newly created chair for aesthetics and German literature. The commitment to pantheism produced in the inaugural lecture led to a two-year suspension with full pay.

politics

A first collection of political contributions that followed shortly thereafter appeared under the title Critical Ganges. It was indexed after publication. From 1847, Vischer held lectures again. In 1848 he was a deputy of the top districts Reutlingen / Urach for the Left Democrats in the Frankfurt national assembly elected.

Back at the university

In 1849 he returned to Tübingen disappointed. In 1855 he went to the Polytechnicum in Zurich as a lecturer in aesthetics and German literature . In 1857 he completed his Aesthetics or Science of the Beautiful (6 vols.) And made friends with Gottfried Keller , Jacob Burckhardt , Gottfried Semper , Mathilde Wesendonck and Richard Wagner .

Shortly after Aesthetics, there followed his long-read and still best-known publication, the formally bold and psychologically astute novel, Auch Eine , in which he coined the expression “The Tricks of the Object”, among other things.

In 1858 and 1860 Vischer made further study trips to Italy. In 1862 he went to Norderney for a spa stay . During these years he wrote his ambivalent satire on Goethe's Faust II with the title Faust. The third part of the tragedy .

In addition, Vischer wrote the play Not Ia in Swabian dialect, in which he satirically portrayed the examination and employment of a Wuerttemberg priest. This piece first appeared in 1884 and had several editions.

In 1864 Vischer was accepted into the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1866 he was again appointed full professor in Tübingen. In 1867, 1870 and again in 1881 Vischer made further trips to northern Italy. In 1870 there was an (unsuccessful) candidacy for the Württemberg state parliament . In the same year, the Württemberg King awarded him the Knight's Cross First Class of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, which is associated with the personnel nobility . On the occasion of his 80th birthday, Vischer received the Commander's Cross of the Order of Frederick from King Karl . Vischer, who taught well into old age, died on the way to Venice in Gmunden after a serious infection.

Part of the estate is in the Tübingen University Library .

Works

  • 1837: On the sublime and the comic and other texts on the philosophy of the beautiful
  • 1844: Critical courses
  • 1846: Aesthetics or science of the beautiful. 6 parts
  • 1860: Critical courses. New episode. 6 booklets
  • 1862: Faust. The third part of tragedy . Faithful in the spirit of the second part of Goethe's Faust, composed by Deutobold Symbolizetti Allegoriowitsch Mystificinsky.
  • 1874: my course of life
  • 1879: One too . A travel acquaintance. 2 vol.
  • 1881: old and new. 3 booklets
  • 1882: Lyric passages
  • 1884: Not Ia. Swabian comedy in three acts
  • 1889: old and new. New episode

See also the detailed, chronological catalog raisonné .

literature

  • Richard Weltrich:  Vischer, Friedrich Theodor . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 40, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, pp. 31-64.
  • Klaus-Gunther Wesseling:  Vischer, Friedrich Theodor. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 12, Bautz, Herzberg 1997, ISBN 3-88309-068-9 , Sp. 1464-1482.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Kindler's Neues Literatur Lexikon XVII (1988–1996), pp. 199–201.
  • Alexander Reck: Friedrich Theodor Vischer. In: Christoph König (Ed.), With the assistance of Birgit Wägenbaur u. a .: Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950 . Volume 3: R-Z. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015485-4 , pp. 1953-1956.
  • Barbara Potthast, Alexander Reck: Friedrich Theodor Vischer. Life - work - effect. Heidelberg 2011 (Supplement to Euphorion 61).
  • Petra Mayer: Between uncertain knowledge and certain ignorance. Narrated knowledge formations in the realistic novel: Stifter's 'Der Nachsommer' and Vischer's 'Auch Eine'. Bielefeld 2014.
  • Fritz Schlawe: Friedrich Theodor Vischer. Stuttgart 1959.
  • Gustav Keyßner (Ed.): Introduction to Selected Works , Vol. 3 (1918), pp. 9–122.
  • Friedrich T. Vischer: My course of life . In: Kritische Gänge, Vol. 6 (1922), pp. 439–505.
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Volume 6: T-Z. Winter, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8253-5063-0 , pp. 138-140.

See also the detailed list of secondary literature .

Web links

Wikisource: Friedrich Theodor Vischer  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Friedrich Theodor Vischer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Friedrich Theodor Vischer  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kurt Tucholsky : The telephone is not an invention of Messrs Bell and Reis - V-Vischer put the whole problem of the object in this box . In: Ders .: Wait a minute -! In: Vossische Zeitung of January 1, 1927
  2. ^ Peter Kaupp: Fraternity members in the Paulskirche
  3. ↑ Federal Archives, Central Database of Legacies . Retrieved September 11, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Vischer, Friedrich Theodor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schartenmayer, Philipp U .; Mystificinsky, Deutobold Symbolizetti Allegoriowitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH June 30, 1807
PLACE OF BIRTH Ludwigsburg
DATE OF DEATH September 14, 1887
Place of death Gmunden am Traunsee