Maulbronn
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Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ' N , 8 ° 49' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Karlsruhe | |
| County : | Enzkreis | |
| Height : | 251 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 25.44 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 6588 (Dec. 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 259 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 75433 | |
| Area code : | 07043 | |
| License plate : | PF | |
| Community key : | 08 2 36 038 | |
City administration address : |
Klosterhof 31 75433 Maulbronn |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Andreas Felchle | |
| Location of the city of Maulbronn in the Enzkreis | ||
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Maulbronn is a town in the Enzkreis in Baden-Württemberg . It lies between Mühlacker and Bretten and belongs to the Northern Black Forest region .
Maulbronn is mainly for the monastery Maulbronn known that since 1993 a World Heritage Site of UNESCO is.
geography
City structure
The city of Maulbronn consists of the three districts Maulbronn, Schmie and Zaisersweiher. The districts are spatially identical to the earlier municipalities of the same name, their official name is in the form "Maulbronn- ...".
The Maulbronn district includes the town of Maulbronn, the hamlet "Elfinger Hof, Staatsdomäne", the towns of Maulbronn-West train station, Elfinger Berghaus, Scheuelberghof, Seidehof and Maulbronn train station. The Schmie and Zaisersweiher districts only include the villages of the same name.
The Hadandesheim desert is located in the Maulbronn district .
history
antiquity
The area around Maulbronn near the Limes was already settled in Roman times, as is proven by finds of Roman statues of gods.
middle Ages
In 1147 the Maulbronn Monastery was founded in the Mulenbrunnen bishop's feud after a donation from the Bishop of Speyer to the Cistercian order . This monastery complex quickly developed into an economic, social and political center in the region.
Modern times
Already around 1600 Maulbronn looked more like a town than a village because of its stately buildings. During the Reformation, the monastery shared the fate of many other Wuerttemberg monasteries, was secularized and from then on was the seat of a bailiff, who was named Oberamtmann from 1759. The community of Maulbronn has existed since 1838. It emerged from a settlement that had formed around the monastery . As the seat of the Maulbronn Oberamt , it belonged to the Neckar District in the Kingdom of Württemberg, which had existed since 1806 . With the station "Maulbronn West" the place had since 1853 a connection to the network of the Württemberg railway about 3.5 km from the center . In 1886 Maulbronn was elevated to the status of a city and was still an Oberamtsstadt until 1938, with the Oberamt from 1934 to 1938 having the official name of Maulbronn District . The administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg led to membership in the Vaihingen district in 1938 .
After the Second World War, Maulbronn became part of the American zone of occupation and was in the state of Württemberg-Baden from 1945 to 1952 . Due to the influx of many expellees after the lost war, the population increased significantly.
When the new federal state of Baden-Württemberg was established , Maulbronn came to the administrative district of North Württemberg in 1952 as part of the Vaihingen district .
With the regional reform of January 1, 1973 , the district of Vaihingen was dissolved. The western part of this district with the old Württemberg community of Maulbronn was assigned to the newly formed Enzkreis (administrative seat Pforzheim) in the administrative district of Karlsruhe (no longer within the exact limits of northern Baden).
The two earliest economic pillars of the city were viticulture and the natural stone industry, which was established in Maulbronn even before the First World War.
Natural stone
The Maulbronn reed sandstone , which was already being mined by the Cistercian monks, helped Maulbronn to an explosive economic boom thanks to the construction period that began around 1871. The natural stone was exported far beyond the region for construction and resulted in the flourishing of several stone carving companies such as the Burrer company. Today natural stone only plays a minor role.
Incorporations
On January 1, 1970, the previously independent community of Schmie was incorporated into Maulbronn. Today's town was created on January 1, 1975 through the merger of the town of Maulbronn and the municipality of Zaisersweiher.
Religions
With the introduction of the Reformation in Württemberg in 1534, Maulbronn, Schmie and Zaisersweiher also became Lutheran . The monastery was converted into a school.
In Maulbronn, after the Reformation in Württemberg, possibly as early as 1555, a special superintendent and a generalate of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg was set up for the Maulbronn monastery at that time . It is one of the oldest deaneries of the regional church. The seat of the superintendent was Knittlingen . In 1703 the superintendent Maulbronn was divided into an upper Maulbronn diocese and a lower Maulbronn diocese . The upper diocese initially had its seat in Roßwag (today a district of Vaihingen an der Enz ), from 1744 in Dürrmenz (today a district of Mühlacker), the lower diocese had its seat in Knittlingen. In 1827 both deaneries were merged. The current deanery Maulbronn had its seat in Knittlingen. In 1823 the Maulbronn Generalate was abolished. The seat of the Maulbronn deanery, which now belonged to the Generalate or Prelature Heilbronn, was moved from Knittlingen to Maulbronn in 1938 and from there to Mühlacker in 1970. Since then, the deanery or the administrative district is called the church district Mühlacker . It also includes all Protestant parishes in the city of Maulbronn.
The Mimar Sinan Mosque, built in 2001 by the DITIB , has a prayer room of 750 m² and a 19 m high minaret.
Schmie
Schmie was probably founded during the Carolingian era . The first written mention comes from 788. The name goes back to the river of the same name , which comes from the Celtic. For centuries, Schmie was a Württemberg border town to the Palatinate .
Zaisersweiher
Zaisersweiher is also a Carolingian foundation. However, it was only mentioned much later, namely on January 6, 1100 in the deed of foundation of the Sinsheim monastery . In the 14th century, Maulbronn Monastery took control of the place. In the Bavarian-Palatinate War of Succession, Duke Ulrich von Württemberg conquered the entire monastery area in 1504 , so that Zaisersweiher also became part of Württemberg. In the Thirty Years' War Zaisersweiher was largely destroyed.
Location views
church
town hall
Marketplace
Half-timbered house
Population development
| year | Residents | Men | Women | comment |
| 1871 | 838 | 439 | 399 | |
| 1970 | 4709 | 2393 | 2316 | Merger with Schmie |
| 1975 | 6061 | 3015 | 3046 | Merger with Zaisersweiher |
| 1980 | 5918 | 2929 | 2989 | |
| 1985 | 5861 | 2883 | 2978 | |
| 1990 | 6248 | 3114 | 3134 | |
| 1995 | 6411 | |||
| 1996 | 6346 | 3134 | 3212 | |
| 1997 | 6300 | 3119 | 3181 | |
| 1998 | 6248 | 3114 | 3134 | |
| 1999 | 6335 | 3118 | 3217 | |
| 2000 | 6353 | 3119 | 3234 | |
| 2001 | 6511 | 3193 | 3318 | |
| 2002 | 6647 | 3269 | 3378 | |
| 2003 | 6670 | 3264 | 3406 | |
| 2004 | 6656 | 3269 | 3396 | |
| 2005 | 6802 | 3348 | 3454 | |
| 2010 | 6514 | 3188 | 3326 | |
| 2015 | 6463 | 3184 | 3279 |
politics
Municipal council
The municipal council in Maulbronn has 18 members. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following preliminary final result. The municipal council consists of the elected voluntary councilors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council.
| Parties and constituencies |
% 2019 |
Seats 2019 |
% 2014 |
Seats 2014 |
||
| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 25.60 | 5 | 32.51 | 6th | |
| BWV | Civic voters' association | 29.70 | 5 | 24.79 | 5 | |
| LMU | List people and the environment | 26.12 | 5 | 23.66 | 4th | |
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 16.74 | 3 | 19.04 | 3 | |
| FdZ | For the future | 1.84 | 0 | - | - | |
| total | 100.0 | 18th | 100.0 | 18th | ||
| voter turnout | 62.08% | 54.6% | ||||
coat of arms
The blazon of the coat of arms reads: "In black on a lowered, double-rowed bar carved in red and silver, a running golden fountain turned to the left and a standing golden mule with a golden load (sack)."
In a vote, two thirds of the citizens voted in favor of this design by the painter Immanuel Knayers , which was approved by the archive management in 1962.
Town twinning
- Valdahon in France is twin town of Maulbronn.
- There has also been a school partnership with a school from Nottingham for several years
Economy and Infrastructure
Maulbronn, which lies on the Württemberg Wine Route , is an important wine-growing place with the vineyards Reichshalde, Eilfingerberg and Klosterstück, which belong to the large Stromberg site in the Württemberg lowlands .
traffic
Maulbronn is located on Bundesstraße 35 , which has been a bypass to the south of the city since 1959.
With the Maulbronn West train station, Maulbronn has had a station on the Westbahn Bietigheim-Bissingen - Bruchsal that is located approx. 3.5 km from the city center in the forest since 1853 . This unfavorable station location has topographical reasons. The Westbahn received a tunnel south of the Maulbronn West train station (name after the Second World War), which was bypassed to the west during electrification, then used as a wine cellar and then (1998) converted into a shooting range. The wine cellar and the shooting range are no longer used today. The site is privately owned. Since 1914 there has been a branch line that connects this station with the city, the Westbahnhof (name at the time of the Reichsbahn) thus became a wedge station . Regular passenger traffic on the branch line was discontinued in 1973, but since 1996 there have been excursion trains again on weekends in summer, which are supposed to enable tourists to travel to the monastery under the name "Klosterstadt-Express". The "Klosterstadt-Express" travels "in the footsteps of Hermann Hesse" from Tübingen via Calw to Maulbronn, in Maulbronn West there is a connection to the S9 light rail line. In addition, there has been a collective call taxi since 2004 , which establishes a connection between the city and the train station and thus to the S9 tram line.
The Mannheim – Stuttgart high-speed line also runs through the municipality, including in the Freudenstein Tunnel .
dishes
Maulbronn has a local court that belongs to the regional court and OLG district of Karlsruhe .
Educational institutions
In Maulbronn Monastery there has been a Protestant monastery school since 1556, today the Evangelical Seminary , a state high school with a church boarding school for boys and girls from the 9th grade. There is also the Salzach grammar school and, with the school at Silahopp, a primary , secondary and technical secondary school .
The school at Silahopp in the monastery town of Maulbronn is a 40-year-old elementary and secondary school with a Werkrealschulzug and had 321 students in grades 1–10 in the 2010/2011 school year. The Salzach-Gymnasium Maulbronn (SGM) is a grammar school with around 430 students. The catchment area comprises 10 municipalities.
Culture and sights
The former Cistercian monastery Maulbronn is since 1993 a World Heritage Site of UNESCO . For over 450 years it has housed a monastery school, the Maulbronn Evangelical Seminary . Hermann Hesse has set a literary monument in his books Narcissus and Goldmund and Under the Wheel of the Plant. The Maulbronn Chamber Choir is also located in the monastery .
Not only the monastery complex is remarkable, but also the partly preserved artificially created fishing waters and vineyards. The Maulbronner Eilfingerberg vineyard was laid out by Cistercian monks around 850 years ago. The well-known wine book author Ernst Hornickel writes in his work The Top Wines of Europe about the Eilfingerberg: "These ancient vineyards near the idyllic Maulbronn Monastery are classified by most experts as the most valuable vineyards in the whole country."
The following story is told about the origin of the name Eilfinger: In Maulbronn Monastery, the monks once lived strictly according to the strict rules of the Cistercians. They were not allowed to drink wine during Lent. So they just dipped their fingers in the delicious liquid and then licked it off. Many of the monks wished they had eleven instead of ten fingers. The name "Elf-Fingerberg" is derived from this pious wish, which soon became a fixed phrase. Of course, at that time people did not write "eleven" but "eleven", so that today you can find the historical spelling on the bottle label. The wines from the Eilfingerberg have a very individual profile based on the special microclimate and the type of soil that is rarely found in the region. (Source: Hofkammer - Kellerei )
A section of the Eppinger Linien , a line of defense against French troops laid out at the end of the 17th century, runs through the forest .
In 2011, a Maulbronn sculpture trail was set up in the valley floodplain of the Salzach . A total of eight sculptures by nationally known artists were set up here.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Magdalena Sibylla Rieger (1707–1786), poet
- Karl August von Faber (1782–1850), born in Zaisersweiher, general superintendent of Reutlingen, member of the state parliament
- Ernst Gustav von Rümelin (1785–1850), Wuerttemberg Oberamtmann, member of the state parliament
- Christian Märklin (1807–1849), Protestant theologian
- Gerhard Lang (1881–1974), publisher, "inventor" of the advent calendar
- Robs Mayer (1907–1989), painter, graphic artist and art teacher
- Elisabeth Hannover-Drück (1928–2009), women's rights activist and historian
- Uta Süße-Krause (* 1955), photographer and musician
- Uli Binetsch (* 1961), musician
- Harald Glööckler (* 1965), fashion designer, born in Zaisersweiher
Honorary citizen of the city
- 1912: Karl Klotz, parish priest
- 1919: Franz Baeuerle, wholesaler in Stuttgart, helper for the poor and those in need
- 1927: Oskar Wilhelm Schrade, district notary, helper in financial need
- 1929: Hermann Röger , District Administrator
- 1933: Adolf Hitler , German politician. The honorary citizenship was revoked by a municipal council resolution on December 19, 2007.
- 1936: Albert Burrer, quarry owner and master stonemason
- 1951: August Kienzle, former mayor
- 1957: Willy Schenk, industrialist, honorary citizen (Zaisersweiher)
- 1957: Dr. Heinrich Spieth, chief physician of the hospital
- 1979: Martin Süsse, church music director
- 1999: Dr. med Dieter Spieth († 2014), founder of the children's center
- 2014: Jürgen Budday, church music director
- 2016: Ewald Link, City Councilor
Former students of the Evangelical Seminary
- Johannes Kepler (1571–1630), astronomer
- Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843), poet
- Hermann Hesse (1877–1962), writer
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Maulbronn from September 24, 2014
- ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 549-552
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 491 .
- ↑ Election information from the municipal data center
- ↑ Maulbronn gets new city arms , Pforzheimer Zeitung of June 26, 1962, p. 11
- ↑ City of Maulbronn - information brochure, p. 10 (PDF; 9.6 MB)
- ↑ City of Maulbronn: Excursion destinations ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. with Eppinger-Linien-Weg
- ↑ Hitler loses honorary citizenship in Maulbronn ( Memento from September 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed April 22, 2010)
- ↑ The dachshund murder in Diefenbach. August 15, 1955, archived from the original on August 16, 2016 ; accessed on April 27, 2018 .
literature
- Joseph Stöckle : Guide through Maulbronn and the surrounding area (travel guide) . Würzburg & Vienna: Verlag Leo Woerl, 1889.
Web links
- www.maulbronn.de
- www.maulbronn-schmie.de
- Maulbronn im Enzkreis, then and now
- UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE MONASTERY MAULBRONN IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG
Birkenfeld | Eisingen | Angel Brand | Friolzheim | Heimsheim | Illingen | Ispringen | Kämpfelbach | Pressing | Kieselbronn | Knittlingen | Königsbach stone | Maulbronn | Mönsheim | Mühlacker | Neuenbürg | Neuhausen | Newbies | Niefern-Öschelbronn | Ölbronn-Dürrn | Ötisheim | Remchingen | Star Rock | Straubenhardt | Tiefenbronn | Wiernsheim | Wimsheim | Wurmberg