Salzach (Saalbach)

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Salzach
Bridge of the Kraichgaubahn over the Salzach in Bretten

Bridge of the Kraichgaubahn over the Salzach in Bretten

Data
Water code DE : 237742
location Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany
River system Rhine
Drain over Saalbach  → Rhine  → North Sea
source on the Roten Rain north of Maulbronn
49 ° 0 ′ 42 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 19 ″  E
Source height 314  m above sea level NHN
confluence with the Weißach to Saalbach Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 4 "  N , 8 ° 42 ′ 31"  E 49 ° 2 ′ 4 "  N , 8 ° 42 ′ 31"  E
Mouth height 167  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 147 m
Bottom slope 9.7 ‰
length 15.2 km
Catchment area 52.547 km²
Discharge
A Eo : 52.51 km²
at the mouth 		MNQ
MQ
Mq
 MHQ
 179 l / s
416 l / s
7.9 l / (s km²)
 5.74 m³ / s
Flowing lakes Deep lake , Aalkistensee

The Salzach is the left upper reaches of the Saalbach im Kraichgau in western Baden-Württemberg . It rises near Maulbronn in the Enzkreis and after 15 kilometers flows into Bretten in the Karlsruhe district with the Weißach .

Surname

The name Salzach refers to a possible earlier salt production near Salzhofen, a deserted area on the southern edge of the city of Bretten that is now partially built over with newer houses . In the Middle Ages, the Saalbach was named Salzach up to the mouth .

In the Württemberg section up to the Talmühle between Kleinvillars and Ruit , the brook was also called Salza . In its Baden section, the brook was formerly known as Kressbach (from Krebsbach ).

The current name Salzach was determined in 1935 by a decree of the Baden Ministry of Finance and Economics, which had previously agreed with the Baden Ministry of Culture and the Württemberg Ministry of Culture.

geography

course

The headwaters of the Salzach are in the vicinity of the Maulbronn Monastery, founded in 1147 . By around 1500 the Maulbronn Cistercians created around 20 lakes and ponds and built around 110 kilometers of collection and transport trenches in order to improve the water supply of the monastery and to be able to farm fish . The Salzach was the most important river in this water system.

The official digital water management network (AWGN) defines a source as the origin of the Salzach, which lies a good 200 meters south of the Roter Rain mountain ( 342  m above sea level ) directly on the Eppinger lines . The brook that rises from the spring follows the defensive line that was built around 1696 to the east for a good kilometer and uses its moat. The water then turns to the southeast, after a further kilometer it leaves the forest through which it has previously flowed, then flows west to south-west and after another kilometer reaches the Tiefen See at Maulbronn Monastery.

Other publications see the starting point of the Salzach one kilometer above the monastery or define the Tiefen See as the origin of the Salzach. According to the last perspective, the tributary to the Tiefen See is called Graubrunnen - a name also borne by a forest to the left of the stream coming from the Eppinger Linien. The Graubrunnen forest is traversed by winding flowing water. Its catchment area was expanded by the Cistercians by building a collection ditch that crossed the watershed to the Weißach and drained an area near Freudenstein-Hohenklingen (zu Knittlingen ).

The deep lake ( 264  m above sea level ), a reservoir , is located directly above the monastery - a typical location for Cistercian monasteries, which allowed the changing water supply to continue. There are two outflows of the Tiefen See: The southern one leaves the lake via a cascade and then enters a canal system below the monastery, into which the Wannenbach (also Blaubach ) flows from the left and south . The northern drain feeds a moat on the northern edge of the monastery, drove the monastery mill and then connects to the underground canal system. In 1989 the sewer system was no longer known in detail.

Many of the lakes and ponds created by the Cistercians are now drained, such as the Binzensee directly above the Tiefen See . Below the monastery on the Salzach were the Gartensee , the Billensbacher See , the Abbot Gerhardt-See and the Elfinger See , the latter at the level of the Elfinger Hof , a grangie of the monastery. Below the Elfinger See lies the Aalkistensee ( 227  m above sea level ), which is still present today . The lake, which is dammed up by a six meter high dam, is a nature reserve.

The Kleinvillars , founded by Waldensians and now a district of Knittlingen, is around a kilometer below the Aalkistensee . At Kleinvillars the direction of flow of the Salzach changes from west to northwest; the Salzach valley becomes narrower, its slopes steeper. On the left slope of the valley, the Württemberg Western Railway runs from Bietigheim-Bissingen to Bruchsal .

Before 1945, the border between Württemberg and Baden crossed the Salzach at the Talmühle . Ruit , a district of Bretten , is crossed by the brook in an approximately 500-meter-long hollow . Below Ruit the valley slowly widens; The karst spring Enzbrunnen is located at the level of the Gaugrafenburg Bretten at the junction of the Mühlkanal of the Bergmühle . According to the results of dyeing tests, large parts of the karst area of ​​the Bauschlotter Platte , which extends between Bretten and Pforzheim , drain over the Enzbrunnen .

The Salzach reaches the urban area of ​​Bretten, flows through the premises of the household appliance manufacturer Neff in the south of the city and crosses the Kraichgaubahn , the railway line from Karlsruhe to Heilbronn . Not far from the Simmelturm , which marks the south-east corner of the former city wall of Bretten, the Salzach joins the Weißach to Saalbach when coming from the left . The Saalbach flows into the Rhine after around 40 kilometers north of Philippsburg .

Tributaries and lakes

Hierarchical list of tributaries and RiverIcon-SmallLake.svglakes from source to mouth. Length of water, lake area, catchment area and altitude according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted.
Selection.

The highest source of the Salzach at around 314  m above sea level. NHN approx. 1.3 km north-north-west of the Maulbronn monastery and approx. 0.3 km south-south-west of the crest of Roter Rain in the forest at a bend in the Eppinger lines in a ditch running eastwards on its north side.

  • (Stream along Rote-Kaiser-Straße ), from the right and west to about 295  m above sea level. NHN at the first contact with the Salzach at the border of the Kohlplattenschlag to the Mahdwiesen , approx. 1.1 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises at about 302  m above sea level. NHN almost opposite the Salzach origin a little south of the Eppinger lines. Also flows eastwards.
    This upper course is a little shorter, but also somewhat richer in catchment area than the official upper course, which already flows south-east a little earlier.
  • (Stream from the forest Graubrunnen ), from the last north to about 285  m above sea level. NHN at the exit of the Salzach from the Graubrunnen in the corridor near the confluence of the here: K 4517 into the L 1131, at least 1.9 km and at least 1.2 km². Arises at the latest at about 314  m above sea level. NHN on a corridor island in the forest east of the Rote Rains on the K 4517. Partly unstable. Another stretch further up, about 0.8 km in length, could also drain over the Moorklingenbach to Weißach .
    After this tributary, the Salzach follows the L 1131 southwest towards Maulbronn.
  • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgPassed the 0.3 km on the left at 291.6  m above sea level before the Seidehof in Maulbronn . NHN in the catchment area Roßweiher , 4.3 hectares, which drains via a largely underground canal that opens out at Seidehof.
  • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through at about 264  m above sea level. NHN after the Seidehof, the Tiefen See , 2.2 ha.
    Then underground flow through Maulbronn Monastery and at least partially more open again through the city of Maulbronn .
  • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgAfter the Tiefen See is on the left above the valley in the forest at a little over 295  m above sea level. NHN the Hohenackersee , 0.6 ha. Inconsistent runoff over the Wannenbach (also Blaubach ), which flows into the monastery area.
  • Tobelbach , from the right and north last in Maulbronn along Hilsenbeuerstraße at almost 244.1  m above sea level. NHN , 0.8 km and 0.9 km². Rises at about 290  m above sea level. NHN the student fountain in the southern Forchenwald .
    After leaving Maulbronn, the Salzach flows westward.
  • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through at 227.1  m above sea level. NHN the Aalkistensee at the former Aalkistenmühle between the state domain Elfinger Hof von Maulbronn and the Lerchenmühle von Ölbronn-Dürrn , about 12.1 ha. The lake with a 6 m high earth dam serves as a retention basin, the nature and especially bird protection, sport and leisure as well other purposes.
  • Mühlgraben , from the left and east-southeast to below 229  m above sea level. NHN at the Lerchenmühle, 3.7 km and 8.8 km². Arises at about 260  m above sea level. NHN shortly before the Maulbronn-West train station after the confluence of some unstable streams in the Sulzwald .
    After this inflow, the Salzach turns to the northwest.
    • Büllstrichgraben , from the left and southwest to a little over 230  m above sea level. NHN northwest of Ölbronn , 2.6 km and approx. 3.8 km². Arises at just under 311.1  m above sea level. NHN north of Neulingen - Bauschlott in a ditch beginning on the east side of the B 294 .
    • (Inflow), from the right and south-southwest to below 285  m above sea level. NHN shortly before the following, 1.0 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises at about 322  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern edge of Bauschlott next to the Auweg.
      The Büllstrichgraben is only 0.6 km long at this tributary and has only accumulated a partial catchment area of ​​approx. 0.3 km².
    • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through at heights of 280  m above sea level. NHN equal successively the two Böllstrichseen 0.3 ha and 0.9 hectares.
  • Binzenlöchlesgraben , from the left and in total south to about 186  m above sea level. NHN in Bretten- Ruit , 4.5 km and 7.3 km². Arises at about 300  m above sea level. NHN west of the palace park on the western edge of Bauschlott.
    Apparently generalized representation of a brook that usually sinks into the karst of the Bauschlotter Platte . After a dyeing test, the water in the Binzenlöchlesgraben mainly escapes via the Enzbrunnen (see below). The valley of the Binzenlöchlesgraben continues as a dry valley in which the Eng (see below) runs.
    • (Inflow), from the right and east-southeast to about 285  m above sea level. NHN am Flurgewann Kalkofen opposite the forest, 1.0 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises at just under 311.1  m above sea level. NHN next to the B 294. Very straight ditch in a natural hollow.
    • (Inflow), from the right and east to about 280  m above sea level. NHN at the forest entrance of the Binzenlöchlesgraben, 0.6 km and under 0.4 km². Arises at about 297  m above sea level. NHN on Brettener Weg . Little sinuous ditch in a natural hollow.
  • Scheuerbach , from the right and east-southeast to about 177  m above sea level. NHN after the oil mill in the Ruiter valley of Bretten, 2.5 km and 1.5 km². Arises at about 233  m above sea level. NHN between Knittlingen in the northeast and Ruit in the southwest. First of all, ditch in the field with a short inflow from the puddle . Then pass the Scheuerbrunnen on the middle reaches .
  • → Branch of the mill ditch of the mountain mill to the left
    • Enzbrunnen , karst spring immediately below the junction of the Mühlgraben , flows towards it from the left.
  • Return of the mill ditch of the mountain mill .
  • Hungergraben , from the left and (in an arc to the right) south-southwest at over 170  m above sea level. NHN on the southern edge of Bretten , 5.6 km and 15.9 km². Arises at about 184  m above sea level. NHN on the north-western outskirts of Neulingen- Nussbaum . Inconsistent, runs in ditches for a long time.
    After this tributary, the Salzach runs north through Bretten.
    • Narrow , from the right and south to about 174  m above sea level. NHN on the southern edge of Bretten on the Salzhofen road, approx. 2.0 km and at least 5.5 km². Arises at about 193  m above sea level. NHN at a tallow fork in the Great Forest east-northeast of Bretten- Sprantal .
      • (Inlet from Saubrunnen ), left and southern upper reaches, approx. 0.4 km and approx. 1.3 km².
        • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows below 205  m above sea level. NHN two ponds in the Saubrunnen forest , a total of 0.1 ha.
      • (Maybe inflow of the Binzenlöchlesgraben ), see above under this one.

Confluence of the Salzach from the left and finally south to about 167  m above sea level. NHN in Bretten with the Weißach coming from the east to Saalbach . The Salzach is 15.2 km long and has a 52.5 km² catchment area.

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Salzach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b c Height according to the contour line image on the background layer topographic map .
  2. ↑ a b Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  4. ↑ Lake area after the layer standing waters .
  5. ↑ a b Catchment area according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Length measured on the background layer topographic map .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
  8. ↑ a b c Height according to the blue lettering on the background layer of the topographic map .
  9. ↑ a b c d Height according to black lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  10. ↑ Profile of the Aalkistensee retention basin , queried on the dam layer .

Other evidence

  1. ↑ Values ​​from regionalization, data status March 1, 2016 (MNQ, MQ), March 1, 2017 (MHQ) from Abfluss-BW - a data and map service of the Baden-Württemberg State Agency for the Environment ( notes )
  2. ^ Albrecht Greule : German water names book. Etymology of the water body names and the associated area, settlement and field names. De Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-019039-7 , p. 460.
  3. ^ Alfons Schäfer: History of the city of Bretten. From the beginning to the destruction in 1689. City administration Bretten, Bretten 1977, p. 36 f.
  4. ↑ measuring table sheet 7018 Ötisheim from 1905 in the Deutsche Fotothek .
  5. ↑ ordnance 6918 Knittlingen of 1927 in the Deutsche Fotothek ;
    Overview plans of the Ruit (1869) and Bretten (1875) districts at the General State Archives in Karlsruhe .
  6. ↑ Willy Bickel: The Saalbach and its tributaries. Contribution to river name research in the Kraichgau. In: Fritz Herzer (Ed.): Bruchsaler Heimatgeschichte. Bruchsal 1955, pp. 199-211, here p. 201 f.
  7. ↑ Antje Gillich: The water system of the Maulbronn monastery. A project for inventory acquisition with high-resolution laser scan data. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. 46 (2017), ( online , PDF, 816 kB) pp. 275–281, here p. 276.
  8. ↑ a b Wolfgang Seidenspinner: The Maulbronn water system - relics of Cistercian agriculture and hydraulic engineering in today's landscape. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. 18 (1989), ( online , PDF, 3.8 MB) pp. 181–191, here p. 185.
  9. ↑ Martin Ehlers: The location. In: Martin Ehlers, Andreas Felchle on behalf of the city of Maulbronn (ed.): Maulbronn Heimatbuch. Volume 1, Maulbronn City Administration, Maulbronn 2012, ISBN 978-3-933486-75-2 , pp. 13–28, here p. 18.
  10. ↑ Ehlers, location , p. 18 f.
  11. ^ Seidenspinner, Water System , pp. 187–189.
  12. ↑ a b Seidenspinner, water system , p. 184.
  13. ↑ Gillich, Water System , p. 277.
  14. ^ Community plan of newcomers in the street Am Anger in Bauschlott, status July 18, 2019.

literature

  • Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as a single sheet
    • for the course of the river:
      No. 6918 Bretten and No. 7018 Pforzheim Nord
    • Additionally for the catchment area:
      No. 6917 Weingarten (Baden), No. 6919 Güglingen and No. 7019 Mühlacker

Web links

Commons : Salzach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files