Enzbrunnen

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Enzbrunnen
Salzach, Enzbrunnen, Bretten-Ruit (3) .jpg
Source pot of the Enzbrunnen, seen from the drain
location
Country or region Baden-Württemberg
Coordinates 49 ° 1 ′ 19 "  N , 8 ° 42 ′ 48"  E
height 174  m above sea level NHN
geology
Mountains Kraichgau
Source type Karst spring
Exit type Source pot
rock Upper Muschelkalk
Hydrology
River system Rhine
Receiving waters Salzach → Saalbach → Rhine
depth approx. 0.7 m

Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 19 ″  N , 8 ° 42 ′ 48 ″  E

The Enzbrunnen is a karst spring in the Kraichgau , which is south of the city of Bretten in the Salzach valley . Substantial parts of the karst area of the Bauschlotter Platte , which extends south towards Pforzheim , drain from the spring .

Location and history

The Enzbrunnen is located on the left, south-western edge of the Salzachaue in the Brettener Kraichgau nature reserve . The source pot is cut into a steep slope. The Gaugrafenburg Bretten is a good 100 meters further south and about 50 meters higher. The Württemberg Western Railway runs between the source and the castle from Bietigheim-Bissingen to Bruchsal . When the railway line was built in the 1850s, the spring was partially buried.

The round spring pot has a diameter of around four meters and a depth of around 70 centimeters. The water comes out partly at the foot of the slope and partly at the bottom of the spring pot. The bottom of the spring pot consists of coarse stones and clay and is free from vegetation. The surrounding steep slope is covered with a field wood that shadows the spring. The short runoff from the spring pot flows into the mill canal of the Bergmühle , which branches off from the Salzach a few meters beforehand and takes up most of the Salzach runoff. The biotope mapping characterizes the source pot as well developed, undisturbed and biotope of regional importance. In the past there should have been a masonry version of the source, which was then destroyed.

There are different details about the filling of the Enzbrunnen: In the biotope mapping and on the information board of the nearest hiking car park, 30 to 40 liters per second are given. Between April and July 1977 swell discharge measurements were carried out with a hydrometric wing , in which discharges between 96 and 188 liters per second were measured. During the measurement period there was a pronounced period of precipitation, to which the Enzbrunnen responded with a higher discharge. A doctoral thesis published in 2006 puts the discharge at 50 to 250 liters per second. The temperature of the exiting water is between 10 and 11 ° C.

The spring was first mentioned in 1346 as a kindling well . The name refers to the folk tradition according to which the water of the spring comes from the Neckar tributary Enz . It is also considered possible to transfer the name of the river and name it after someone authorized to use the source, with Enz being the short form of Engizo . According to folk traditions, the bottom of the spring cannot be fathomed, even once a car fell down the slope into the Enz fountain.

There are also folk traditions for the Schwallenbrunnen , which is located downstream in the Saalbachtal near Bruchsal, according to which the water comes from the Enz and a wagon once fell into the spring. The rich source of the Seebach , which rises on the edge of the Pfinzaue south of Remchingen - Wilferdingen , was formerly called Enzbrunnen ; Here, too, it was believed that the water came from the Enz.

Hydrogeology

In dyeing tests carried out mainly in the 1970s , in which mostly uranine was used, connections between several shrinkages in the karst area of ​​the Bauschlotter Platte and the Enzbrunnen could be detected:

place description
Sinkhole thief's well ( ⊙ ) Source on the federal highway 294 at the layer boundary between Unterkeuper and Upper Muschelkalk 4 km south of the Enzbrunnen, the water of which seeps into a sinkhole after a short run. Exit in the Enzbrunnen after 20 hours.
Binzenlöchlesgraben ( ⊙ ) A brook that arises at Bauschlott , which sinks after about 2 km in the Binzenlöchle , 4 km south of the Enzbrunnen. Main leakage after 3 days in the Enzbrunnen, traces of leakage after 39 days in a deep well on the southern edge of Bretten.
Sinkhole shrinkage at Heimbronner Hof ( ⊙ ) Sinkhole shrinkage 600 m east of the Heimbronner Hof and 5.5 km south of the Enzbrunnen, in which small springs seeping out in the Lower Keuper seep away. Weak leaks in several springs, including after 20 days in the Enzbrunnen.
Shrinkage in the Gewann Striet ( ⊙ ) Schwinde in Gewann Striet southwest of Göbrichen and 7.5 km south of the Enzbrunnen. Doline in which the water from a small spring in the Lower Keuper seeps away after a few meters. Exit in the Enz well after 78 hours, side exits in several deep wells, including the one on the southern edge of Bretten.
Sinkholes Göbrichen ( ⊙ ) Doline in the Neulinger Dolinen nature reserve 9 km south of the Enzbrunnen, main outlet in the Enzbrunnen after 5 days, secondary outlet at Igelsbach ( ⊙ ), a tributary of the Enz on the eastern outskirts of Pforzheim .
Doline desert newcomers ( ⊙ ) Doline east of the federal highway 294 and 9 km south of the Enzbrunnen, paint leaks were observed on the Ortsbach (also Schlupfgraben , ⊙ ) west of Enzberg and in the Enzbrunnen.
Fox hole ( ⊙ ) Central shrinkage in the 11 km² large, drainless Katharinentalerhof depression 10 km south of the Enzbrunnen. During heavy rainfall test carried out, the main outlet after 54 hours in Enzbrunnen, side outlets in the Kämpfelbachquelle ( ⊙ ) after 4 days, in the deep well in southern Bretten and in a further deep wells.
f1Georeferencing Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

The dyeing tests showed that the construction gravel plate has a pronounced direction of flow to the north, which corresponds to the layer falling. The Enzbrunnen overflow source is an important drainage element for the Bauschlotter Platte; below it the aquifer continues to the north and feeds the Schwallenbrunnen near Bruchsal-Heidelsheim. Unambiguous groundwater dividers cannot be established because the drains fork at several points and there are tributaries to the southwest to the Kämpfelbach and thus to the Pfinz and to the southeast to the tributaries of the Enz . The highest maximum distance speed occurred between the foxhole and the Enzbrunnen at over 200 meters per hour; the other distance speeds are below 100, mostly below 50 meters per hour.

From the different results for the Enzbrunnen and the deep wells south of Bretten, a little further down the valley, it is concluded that there are two layered water horizons in the Upper Muschelkalk that are connected to each other. The deep well is fed from the lower horizon, the Enz well from the upper layer water horizon. The upper horizon lies in the more karstified Nodosus limestone; larger karst channels are likely to have formed, which results in faster drainage and less cleaning of the water. The water of the Enzbrunnen can become cloudy during heavy and prolonged rainfall.

Web links

Commons : Enzbrunnen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Height from the digital terrain model of the online waterway map.
  2. ↑ a b Biotope mapping of karst spring pot Enzbrunnen southeast of Bretten, No. 169182150458 at LUBW (pdf, 4.3 KB).
  3. ↑ Information board at the Moltkeeiche hiking car park , as of July 21, 2019.
  4. ↑ Gudrun Tenhaeff, Werner Käss: Karst hydrological studies in the field of Bauschlotter plate (Nordbaden). In: Annual books of the Geological State Office Baden-Württemberg. 29 (1987), pp. 209-254, here p. 220.
  5. ↑ Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , p. 230.
  6. ↑ Christoph Neukum: Determination of a validation parameter for the comparison of vulnerability concepts in karst areas. (= Series of Applied Geology Karlsruhe , Volume 74) Dissertation University of Karlsruhe, 2006, p. 29 f.
  7. ↑ Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , p. 232.
  8. ↑ Ernst Schneider: The field names of the city of Bretten (districts Bretten, Bauerbach, Büchig, Diedelsheim, Dürrenbüchig, Gölshausen, Neibsheim, Rinklingen, Ruit, Sprantal). A contribution to the onenology of the Kraichgau. (= Bretten city history publications , volume 8) Commissioned by the city of Bretten, Bretten 1985, p. 78.
  9. ↑ Eugen Singer: The Schwallenbrunnen. A forgotten natural monument. In: The pyramid. Weekly for the Karlsruher Tagblatt. Volume 20, No. 33, August 16, 1931, pp. 128–129.
  10. ↑ Otto Bickel: Remchingen. History of its districts and the noble family of the same name. Mayor's Office Remchingen, Remchingen 1997, p. 417.
  11. ↑ Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , p. 243 f.
  12. ↑ Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , p. 233.
  13. ↑ Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , pp. 248–250.
  14. ↑ Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , pp. 246, 248.
  15. ↑ Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , p. 243.
  16. ↑ a b Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , pp. 244, 246.
  17. ↑ Neukum, Determination of a Validation Parameter , pp. 28–30, 32.
  18. ↑ Tenhaeff, Käss, Karsthydrological Investigations , pp. 219, 250, 253.