Saalbach (Rhine)

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Saalbach
The Saalbach in Bruchsal

The Saalbach in Bruchsal

Data
Water code DE : 23774
location Neckar and Tauber-Gäuplatten

Northern Upper Rhine Lowland

River system Rhine
Drain over Rhine  → North Sea
Emergence Confluence of the Weißach and Salzach rivers in Bretten
49 ° 2 ′ 4 ″  N , 8 ° 42 ′ 31 ″  E
Source height 169  m above sea level NHN
muzzle At Oberhausen-Rheinhausen in the Rhine at km 391.8 coordinates: 49 ° 16 '17 "  N , 8 ° 27' 5"  E 49 ° 16 '17 "  N , 8 ° 27' 5"  E
Mouth height 97  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 72 m
Bottom slope 1.8 ‰
length 40 km 
from Zsfls. Weißach / Salzach
50.7 km 
with the upper reaches of Weißach
Catchment area 264.7 km²
Discharge at the Bruchsal
A Eo gauge : 174 km²
Location: 24.4 km above the mouth 		MNQ
MQ
Mq
 MHQ
 740 l / s
1.39 m³ / s
8 l / (s km²)
 15.25 m³ / s
Aqueduct of the Saalbach over the Saalbach Canal near Karlsdorf

Aqueduct of the Saalbach over the Saalbach Canal near Karlsdorf

The Saalbach (also Salbach ) is about 40 kilometers long, right and eastern tributary of the Rhine . It arises in Bretten im Kraichgau through the confluence of the Weißach and Salzach rivers , enters the Upper Rhine Plain in Bruchsal and flows into the Rhine north of Philippsburg .

Names and Definitions

The name Saalbach originates from the name of the source stream Salzach and is likely to be based on the name of the city of Bruchsal . Like the Salzach, it is derived from an old salt production site near Bretten. In the Lorsch Codex the body of water is called 769 fluvius Salzaha ; other name variants and spellings were Saltzach , Salzbach , Saltzbach , Sahlbach , Sal , Saltza or Salza .

In addition to these names, there were other more local names that refer to the uses or properties of the water. These include Fischbach , Grundelbach (after the carp species Gründling ), Mühlbach , Talbach and Bruchsaler Bach . However, the name Saalbach seems to have less established itself in the lower reaches; in Philippsburg the water was often called the Brüseler Bach , but also the Bruchsaler Bach or - in the brook cleaning regulations of 1775 for the part of the Hochstift Speyer on the right bank of the Rhine - Bruchsaler Mühlbach . A view of the city of Philippsburg from 1734 describes the city as the point where the Salzbach River flows into the Rhine.

Regardless of the relationship between the Oberlauf Salzach and Unterlauf Saalbach , the Weißach was also seen as part of the Saalbach : In his description of the Kurpfalz of 1786, Johann Goswin Widder located the source of the Saalbach / Salzach near Freudenstein . The Weißach was also considered part of the Saalbach by official bodies, for example in the articles on the hydrography of the Grand Duchy of Baden or in topographical maps from 1875 and 1927, in which the brook in the district of the Baden town of Bretten is referred to as Saalbach , in the upstream in the Württemberg town of Knittlingen, however, as Weißach . This may have been due to the fact that the Salzach in Bretten and Ruit was called Kressbach (from Krebsbach ). This name can also be found on official maps.

The Baden Ministry of Finance and Economics - Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Road Construction - finally, after reaching an agreement with the Baden Ministry of Culture and the Württemberg Ministry of Culture, regulated the naming of the waters in decree no.11.969 of December 16, 1935: The one coming from Maulbronn Bach is called Salzach , the Weißach which rises near Freudenstein ; from the union of both streams, the Saalbach arises in Bretten . This corresponded to the name in Württemberg. In today's official digital water management network (AWGN), the body of water coming from Freudenstein bears the main body name Saalbach and the local name Weißach .

In the AWGN, the Saalbach is included in the lower part of the Philippsburger Altrhein , which means that the Saalbach flows directly into the Rhine and the Lower Rhine Canal is a tributary of the Saalbach. According to the topographic map and the water law for Baden-Württemberg, the Rhine Low Canal flows into the Rhine. According to these definitions, the Saalbach is a tributary of the Rhine Low Canal.

geography

course

Kraichgau

The Saalbach is created by the confluence of the Weißach (from the right) and the Salzach (from the left) not far from the Simmelturm , which marks the southeast corner of the former city wall of Bretten. The Saalbach follows the southern edge of the old town of Bretten to the west. The Brühlgraben, which was created to relieve flooding and branches off from the Salzach in the Bretten city area, flows towards it from the left. The ditch was already there in 1841 and then crossed a meadow in the valley floodplain below the old town of Bretten; today the area is mainly used by shopping centers.

The Saalbach passes under the east head of the Bretten station and runs through an industrial area south of the station. The two following places, Rinklingen and Diedelsheim , are incorporated into Bretten and have grown together with the city. Between Rinklingen and Diedelsheim the Württemberg Westbahn ( Bietigheim-Bissingen- Bruchsal), the Kraichgaubahn ( Heilbronn - Karlsruhe ) and the federal highways 35 ( Illingen - Germersheim ) and 293 (Heilbronn- Pfinztal ) cross the Saalbach. Westbahn and Bundesstraße 35 follow the Saalbach to Bruchsal, which at Diedelsheim changes its direction of flow from west to north-northwest.

The Saalbachtal runs almost entirely in the loess area between Bretten and Bruchsal ; the river has cut relatively deeply into the alluvial clay of the valley floor, which is usually between 200 and 300 meters wide. In Gondelsheim , the river passes the castle and a mill where fortune cookies are made today. Helmsheim , a district of Bruchsal, is a little further away to the left of the Saalbach valley on the Helmsheimer Dorfbach . In Heidelsheim , today also incorporated into Bruchsal, the Saalbach flows around the city center of the former imperial city.

To the north of Heidelsheim, the Saalbach turns to west-northwest. At the level of the Heidelsheim sewage treatment plant, the Saalbach is on the left in a former loop of the river that was cut off by the construction of the western railway, the karst spring Schwallenbrunnen . The data on the earlier discharge of the spring are between 100 and 400 l / s. At the beginning of the 1990s the Schwallenbrunnen fell completely dry for a few years, after which it was much less poured. In the eastern part of the city of Bruchsal, which still belongs to the Kraichgau, the 500-meter-long Annabach arm runs north of the Saalbach .

Upper Rhine Plain

When it entered the Upper Rhine Plain in Bruchsal, the Saalbach formed an alluvial cone , which, however, is less pronounced than the alluvial cone of the Pfinz further south. This is probably due to geological causes: The Pfinz drains a shell limestone area , where Saalbach is dominated by a softer Keuper , whose erosion spoil is much more finely divided and is less deposited on the bend in the slope at the edge of the Rhine plain. The Pfinz and the northern neighboring river of the Saalbach, the Kraichbach , bend to the north when they enter the Rhine Plain and initially follow the Kinzig-Murg Gully that runs along the edge of the plain . The Saalbach, on the other hand, maintains its west-north-west flow direction and only changes its flow direction to north-north-west at Karlsdorf , four kilometers below Bruchsal.

In Bruchsal, the Saalbach crosses federal highway 3 and the Heidelberg – Karlsruhe railway line ; between Bruchsal and Karlsdorf crosses the federal highway 5 ( Heidelberg –Karlsruhe); north of Karlsdorf, the river passes federal highway 35 and the Bruchsal – Graben-Neudorf – Germersheim railway line . In the west of Bruchsal, the Saalbach Canal, which was built to relieve the flood, is being cut off. To the west of Karlsdorf, the Saalbach crosses the Saalbach Canal on an aqueduct .

In parts of the Rhine plain, the Saalbach runs surrounded by dams in what is known as an elevated position; the water level is partly above the ground level. The high elevation, which is also common in other rivers in the region, is likely to be the result of the "stream cleaning" that was already documented in the late Middle Ages . Sediments were dug out of the river and deposited on the bank, so that today's high altitude was created in a centuries-long, hardly planned process.

The area north of Karlsdorf is also called Lower Saalbachtal . It is a depression that is deepened a good meter in the sandy areas of the Hardt Plains. On the sand there are forests, on the left the Kammerforst , on the right the Lußhardt . In the south of the Saalbach valley , the Wagbach is cut off to the right, which runs via Hambrücken and Wiesental to Waghäusel and flows into the Rhine between Rheinhausen and Altlußheim . Since the floodplain of the Wagbach is more pronounced than that of the Saalbach, it is sometimes assumed that the Wagbach is an old course of the Saalbach. This view contradicts the existence of the Königshohl , a deeper cut valley that lies not far from the confluence of the Saalbach into the Philippsburger Altrhein, but is no longer traversed by the Saalbach today.

Another branch in the Lower Saalbachtal is the Erhardseckgraben , which feeds the Saugraben , which runs to the left of the river . Originally a deep drainage ditch, the Saugraben flows back into the Saalbach after about seven kilometers of parallel running. The Neudorfer Mühle (also Schönborner Mühle or Schönborner Jagdhaus ) on Bundesstrasse 36 (Karlsruhe– Mannheim ) marks the northern end of the Lower Saalbach Valley; downstream the floodplain narrows. In this area, the Saalbach crosses the Mannheim – Karlsruhe railway, not far from its link with the Mannheim – Stuttgart high-speed line .

The earlier course of the Saalbach through the city of Philippsburg was abandoned in the 1960s; Today the Saalbach is connected to the Kleinfeldgraben east of the city at Engelsmühle , which was originally created to relieve floods. The Kleinfeldgraben drains over the Sickenauer Graben into the Philippsburger Altrhein, which had already taken up the Rhine Lower Canal above . About 400 meters below the confluence is the Philippsburg pumping station, which ensures the drainage of the Rhine lowlands when the Rhine floods. After a further 2.5 kilometers, the Philippsburger Altrhein joins the Rhine from the right and finally southeast at 391.8 kilometers.

Saalbach Canal

In response to the Saalbach-correction Pfinz- scale and around 1938 completed Saalbach channel is in the west of Bruchsal cut off from the Saalbach and runs on a direct path to Rußheim the Rhine. At Karlsdorf the Saalbach bridges the Saalbach Canal. At the shoreline near Graben-Neudorf it falls about 7 m. In the basement , its bottom is about 2 m above the surrounding area, so that it can no longer be used for drainage there. To the east of Rußheim, the Saalbach Canal is crossed by the Extended Pfinz Canal and shortly before its confluence by the Lower Rhine Canal .

The Saalbach Canal serves to discharge floods directly to the Rhine; from Bruchsal 40, from the confluence with the Pfinz-Korrektion west of Karlsdorf, it can absorb 60 m³ of water per second.

Tributaries

Tributaries from the origin to the mouth. Usually without mill channels. Selection.

Confluence of the two headwaters to the Saalbach in Bretten .

Mouth of the Philippsnurher Altrhein from the right into the Rhine southwest of Oberhausen-Rheinhausen -Rheinhausen.

Web links

Commons : Saalbach (Rhein)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Map of the course and catchment area of ​​the Saalbach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b Height according to the contour line image on the background layer topographic map or the digital terrain model .
  2. ↑ length after the layer water body name .
  3. ↑ Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  4. ↑ Catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 05 .
  5. ↑ Cross profiles
    between Bruchsal and Karlsdorf ,
    west of Karlsdorf ,
    near Hambrücken ,
    above the Neudorfer Mühle ,
    generated from the digital terrain model of the LUBW's online map server.

Other evidence

  1. ↑ Josef Schmithüsen : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 161 Karlsruhe. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. →  Online map (PDF; 5.1 MB)
  2. ↑ Values ​​from regionalization, data status March 1, 2016 (MNQ, MQ), December 3, 2013 (MHQ) from Abfluss-BW - a data and map service of the State Agency for the Environment Baden-Württemberg ( information ) for
    stationing see flood forecast center , State Agency for the Environment Baden-Württemberg.
  3. ^ A b Albrecht Greule : German book of water names. Etymology of the water body names and the associated area, settlement and field names. De Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-019039-7 , p. 455.
  4. ↑ a b Willy Bickel: The Saalbach and its tributaries. Contribution to river name research in the Kraichgau. In: Fritz Herzer (Ed.): Bruchsaler Heimatgeschichte. Bruchsal 1955, pp. 199–211, here p. 201.
  5. ↑ Bickel, The Saalbach and its tributaries , in: Herzer, Bruchsaler Heimatgeschichte , pp. 199–211, here p. 200.
  6. ↑ Bickel, The Saalbach and its tributaries , in: Herzer, Bruchsaler Heimatgeschichte , pp. 199–211, here p. 200 f.
  7. ↑ The Bach cleaning order of 1775 for the right-bank part of the Bishopric of Speyer [with comments]. In: Dieter Hassler (Ed.): Wässerwiesen: History, technology and ecology of the irrigated meadows, streams and ditches in Kraichgau, Hardt and Bruhrain. Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 1995, ISBN 3-929366-20-7 , pp. 396-402, here p. 397.
  8. ^ Johann Christian Leopold : View of Philippsburg around 1734. Digitized at the General State Archives Karlsruhe .
  9. ↑ ordnance 6918 Knittlingen of 1927 in the Deutsche Fotothek ; Measuring
    table sheet 6918 Knittlingen from 1904 in the Deutsche Fotothek ;
    Overview plan of the Bretten district (1875) at the General State Archives in Karlsruhe .
  10. ↑ Bickel, The Saalbach and its tributaries , in: Herzer, Bruchsaler Heimatgeschichte , pp. 199–211, here pp. 201, 203.
  11. ↑ ordnance 6918 Knittlingen of 1927 in the Deutsche Fotothek ;
    Overview plans of the Ruit (1869) and Bretten (1875) districts at the General State Archives in Karlsruhe .
  12. ↑ Bickel, The Saalbach and its tributaries , in: Herzer, Bruchsaler Heimatgeschichte , pp. 199–211, here p. 201 f.
  13. ↑ Water Act for Baden-Württemberg (WG) of December 3, 2013, Annex 1: List of first-order waters .
  14. ^ Baden, Topographisches Bureau (ed.), W. Winckens (edit.): Topographical map of the Grand Duchy of Baden: according to the general land survey of the Grand Ducal military topographical bureau (sheet 17): Bretten. Karlsruhe 1841;
    Bickel, The Saalbach and its tributaries , in: Herzer, Bruchsaler Heimatgeschichte , pp. 199–211, here p. 208.
  15. ↑ Stefan Schuhmacher, Dieter Hassler: Meadow watering on the upper Saalbach. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 269–275, here p. 269.
  16. ↑ Hans Thürach : Explanations on the Bruchsal sheet (No. 46). Geological special map of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Heidelberg 1907 (Unchanged reprint as Geological Map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, sheet 6817 Bruchsal. ) Stuttgart 1987, p. 35;
    Dieter Hassler: Trial and error: The development of meadow irrigation in Kraichgau and Bruhrain. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 62–80, here p. 63;
    FND "Schwallenbrunnen" on the website of the city of Bruchsal (PDF, 841 kB).
  17. ↑ a b Michael Hassler: The "lower Saalbachtal" between Bruchsal and the Neudorfer mill. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 275–279, here pp. 275 f.
  18. ↑ Dieter Hassler: A thousand years of effort and no end. The history of brook construction in Kraichgau, Hardt and Bruhrain. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here p. 42.
  19. ^ Hassler, a thousand years of effort and no end , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here p. 43 f.
  20. ↑ Gismar Eck: Pfinz-Saalbach-correction. In: Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Water management in Baden-Württemberg. Water supply, sewage disposal, river engineering, dam construction, agricultural hydraulic engineering, administration, organization. Verwaltungs-Verlag, Munich 1969, pp. 153–156, here p. 155.