Waterfall fountain

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Waterfall fountain
Schwallenbrunnen, cascade at the discharge.jpg
Cascade at the outflow of the Schwallenbrunnen to Saalbach
location
Country or region Baden-Württemberg
Coordinates 49 ° 6 ′ 40 "  N , 8 ° 38 ′ 2"  E
height 128  m above sea level NHN
geology
Mountains Kraichgau
Source type Karst spring
rock Upper Muschelkalk
Hydrology
River system Rhine
Receiving waters Saalbach → Rhine

Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′ 40 ″  N , 8 ° 38 ′ 2 ″  E

The Schwallenbrunnen is a karst spring in the Saalbachtal on the edge of the Kraichgau on the boundary of the Bruchsal district of Heidelsheim , which has largely dried up since the 1990s.

location

The Schwallenbrunnen is on the left, south-western edge of the Saalbachaue below the Bruchsal district of Heidelsheim. Immediately south of the federal road 35 ( Illingen - Germersheim ) and a feeder from the federal road to the Bruchsal city center pass. In the north, the Württemberg Western Railway runs from Bietigheim-Bissingen to Bruchsal. The spring and its surroundings have been designated as an extensive natural monument since May 1987 .

The spring pots of the Schwallenbrunnen lie in an approximately 320 meter long oxbow lake of the Saalbach, which is connected to the river at its lower end. The oxbow was created during the construction of the Westbahn between 1850 and 1853, when the Saalbach stream was straightened to avoid the construction of two larger bridges. The backwater is of an open fields framed, the predominantly locust , willow and ash is constructed. Came to water plants in the 1930s duckweed ago, covered large parts of the water body; the water weed spread; also be Wasserliesch , white water lily and water chestnut mentioned.

Source and pouring

The name Schwallenbrunnen comes from the word Schwall , "deepest point of a body of water with a water vortex or vortex". The emergence of the water in the water that was once up to three meters deep is described as bubbling, undulating, bubbling, creating and bubbling, the ground was in constant motion. The hills adjoining to the south are mentioned in 1520 as Schwallenberg .

The Schwallenbrunnen fell dry in 1992; the pouring that began in 1994 remained far below the previous one. In 2012, it was estimated at a little ten liters per second. The reasons for the sharp decrease in the bed are unclear; possibly were drainage - or dewatering measures below the source, for example in Bruchsal, the cause. In a deep well above Heidelsheim, the groundwater level fell 5.5 meters between 1988 and 1992. In the biotope mapping of the Schwallenbrunnen, the source has been listed as a seepage source since 2015 .

The information on the earlier pouring of the Schwallenbrunnen contradict each other: In the geological map 1: 25000 published in 1907, Hans Thürach estimated the pouring at around 100 liters per second. In a report on the Bruchsal water supply in 1909, Thürach stated that the discharge was at least 250 liters per second. According to rough measurements carried out in 1956, the mean flow rate was 300 liters per second. Further details amount to up to 150 liters per second, between 100 and 400 liters per second and an average of 300 liters per second.

The temperature of the exiting water was a constant 11 ° C, so that the section of the Saalbach below did not freeze over even in severe winters. In contrast to the other neighbors of the Saalbach, between whom there were often conflicts over the use of the water for mills and for irrigation of meadows , disputes between Heidelsheim and Bruchsal were comparatively rare. This is attributed to the fact that the Schwallenbrunnen Bruchsal constantly and independently supplied water.

Hydrogeology

The Kraichgau is predominantly covered by very thick layers of loess , under which Untereuper lies west of the Saalbach valley. The main aquifer is formed by the upper and parts of the Middle Muschelkalk that follow below the Keuper. The strata dip north to northeast; At Heidelsheim, the layer falling becomes inconsistent due to small-scale bends and breaks.

The assumed catchment area of the Schwallenbrunnen lies between Bretten and Bruchsal southwest of the Saalbach run. To the south of Bretten, large parts of the karst area of the Bauschlotter Platte belong to the spring catchment area. The shell limestone of the plate forms a large, contiguous aquifer system with a free outlet south of Bretten in the Enzbrunnen . Down the valley, the aquifer increases in thickness; on the swirl wells on which the layer border between the upper shell and Low keuper crosses out , which is groundwater tensioned . Depending on the fill level and the degree of tension in the aquifer, the filling of the overflow source Schwallenbrunnen fluctuates .

Legends and stories

There are numerous legends and stories about the Schwallenbrunnen, which have been passed down orally and told in variations. The designation as a natural monument in 1987 was also justified with the special local significance of the spring.

According to tradition, water spirits and mermaids live in the spring , haunted and drawn the curious into the depths. One story tells of a mermaid that despite the prohibition of her father, an Aquarius , spinning rooms visited Heidelsheim and was late in returning home, after which the Aquarius raged so and raged that a terrible flood in Saalbach emerged.

According to another story, in the middle of the 18th century, a merchant's cart on the street above the source fell off the road, fell down the slope and sank into the waterfall fountain with the carter and four horses without a trace. This report was deemed unlikely sounding, but believable in the 1930s. It used to be assumed that the spring water came from the Neckar tributary Enz . Folk traditions about a wagon that fell into the spring and the origin of the water from the Enz are also known for the Enzbrunnen south of Bretten .

Web links

Commons : Schwallenbrunnen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Height from the digital terrain model of the online waterway map.
  2. ↑ a b Ordinance of the Karlsruhe District Office on the extensive natural monument "Schwallenbrunnen" (ND No. 9/19) of May 7th, 1987. (pdf, 13.6 KB)
  3. ↑ a b c Survey form open land biotope mapping Schwallenbrunnen (No. 168172153516). (Accessed July 25, 2019)
  4. ↑ a b c Eugen Singer: The Schwallenbrunnen. A forgotten natural monument. In: The pyramid. Weekly for the Karlsruher Tagblatt. 20th year, No. 33, August 16, 1931, pp. 128–129, here p. 128.
  5. ↑ Willy Bickel: The Saalbach and its tributaries. Contribution to river name research in the Kraichgau. In: Fritz Herzer (Ed.): Bruchsaler Heimatgeschichte. Bruchsal 1955, pp. 199–211, here p. 209.
  6. ↑ Michael Bauer ( edit .): Hydrogeological report LRGB from 02.06.2014 for wells 1 to 3 of the Heidelsheim waterworks. State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining , Freiburg 2014 (pdf, 176 KB), p. 11 f.
  7. ↑ Hans Thürach: Explanations on the Bruchsal sheet (No. 46). Geological special map of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Heidelberg 1907 (Unchanged reprint as Geological Map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, sheet 6817 Bruchsal. ) Stuttgart 1987, p. 35.
  8. ↑ Bauer, hydrogeological report LRGB , p. 11
  9. ^ Wulf, Köhler: Hydrogeological report by Dr. Köhler from December 6, 2013 for fountains 1 to 3 of the Heidelsheim waterworks. Eppingen 2013 (pdf, 7.4 MB), p. 11.
  10. ↑ Dieter Hassler: Trial and error: The development of meadow irrigation in Kraichgau and Bruhrain. In: Dieter Hassler (Ed.): Wässerwiesen: History, technology and ecology of the irrigated meadows, streams and ditches in Kraichgau, Hardt and Bruhrain. Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 1995, ISBN 3-929366-20-7 , pp. 62–80, here p. 63.
  11. ^ A b Stefan Schuhmacher, Dieter Hassler: Meadow watering on the upper Saalbach. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 269–275, here p. 269.
  12. ↑ a b FND "Schwallenbrunnen" on the website of the city of Bruchsal (pdf, 841 KB, accessed on July 25, 2019).
  13. ↑ Bauer, hydrogeological report LRGB , p.7 f.
  14. ↑ Bauer, hydro geological survey LRGB , p 10 f, 21;
    Attachments to the LRGB hydrogeological report from 02.06.2014 for wells 1 to 3 of the Heidelsheim waterworks. State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining , Freiburg 2014 (pdf, 4.8 MB), Annex 19.
  15. ↑ Bauer, Hydrogeological Expertise LRGB , p. 11 f, 23.
  16. ↑ Eugen Singer: The Schwallenbrunnen. A forgotten natural monument. In: The pyramid. Weekly for the Karlsruher Tagblatt. Volume 20, No. 33, August 16, 1931, pp. 128–129, here p. 129.
  17. ↑ Ernst Schneider: The field names of the city of Bretten (districts Bretten, Bauerbach, Büchig, Diedelsheim, Dürrenbüchig, Gölshausen, Neibsheim, Rinklingen, Ruit, Sprantal). A contribution to the onenology of the Kraichgau. (= Bretten city history publications , volume 8) Commissioned by the city of Bretten, Bretten 1985, p. 78.