Pfinz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pfinz
Pfinz transition, Pfinz correction, Alte Pfinz / Alter Pfinzgraben (names of sections)
Three-point trap weir in Elfmorgenbruch near Durlach

Three-point trap weir in Elfmorgenbruch near Durlach

Data
Water code EN : 2376
location Black Forest edge plates

Kraichgau

Hard levels

Northern Lower Rhine Valley

Baden-Württemberg

Rhineland-Palatinate

River system Rhine
Drain over Rhine  → North Sea
source in the north of Langwiesen Straubenhardt -Langenalb
48 ° 50 '55 "  N , 8 ° 29' 58"  O
Source height about  360  m above sea level NN
muzzle north of Elisabethenwörth in the Rhine at kilometer 383.4 Coordinates: 49 ° 12 '50 "  N , 8 ° 23' 10"  E 49 ° 12 '50 "  N , 8 ° 23' 10"  E
Mouth height 96  m above sea level NN
Height difference 264 m
Bottom slope 4.4 ‰
length 59.9 km
Catchment area 361.75 km²
Discharge at the Berghausen
A Eo gauge : 231 km²
Location: 38 km above the mouth 		NNQ (06/29/1947)
MNQ 1927/2009
MQ 1927/2009
Mq 1927/2009
 MHQ 1927/2009
HHQ (05/07/1931) 		130 l / s
572 l / s
1.86 m³ / s
8.1 l / (s km²)
 29.7 m³ / s
104 m³ / s
Weir in the Pfinz overpass at the junction of the Heglach

Weir in the Pfinz overpass at the junction of the Heglach

The Pfinz is a more than 60 kilometers long right and eastern tributary of the Rhine , which rises on the northern edge of the Black Forest , flows through the southern Kraichgau , enters the Upper Rhine Plain near Karlsruhe-Grötzingen and, partly split into several river arms , through the northwest of the Karlsruhe district flows to the Rhine.

Name and namesake

The name Pfinz is partly traced back to the Indo-European word pat , "spread out, swamp up". Other derivations refer to the medieval Latin pontus , "swamp" or assume that any Roman bridges ( Ad pontem , "On the Bridge") the river gave the name.

The area around the river above Durlach is also known as Pfinzgau .

The Pfinz is the namesake of the Pfinztal municipality , to which four municipalities located on or near the Pfinz merged in the course of the municipality reform on January 1, 1974. The name is also reflected in the Alb-Pfinz Protestant deanery of the Evangelical Church in Baden , which is based in Pfinztal.

geography

Definition of the course of the river

Due to the division into several river arms and hydraulic engineering measures such as the Pfinz-Saalbach correction (Pfisako, 1934–1962), there are different definitions of the course of the river and the location of the mouth of the Pfinz.

In the official digital water management network (AWGN), the Pfinz between Stutensee - Blankenloch and Graben-Neudorf is assigned to the Heglach (also Pfinz-Heglach ) river arm . This corresponds to the runoff distribution at the branch of the Heglach. In topographic maps and in local usage, the name Pfinz is used more for the right, eastern arm of the river above Staffort and Neuthard . There are sections of this branch of the river: Pfinz-Überleitung , Pfinzkorrektion and Alte Pfinz / Alter Pfinzgraben .

According to the AWGN, the Rußheimer Altrhein is part of the Pfinz, which means that the Pfinz flows directly into the Rhine north of the Elisabethenwörth island and thus in the area of ​​the Rhineland-Palatinate town of Germersheim . The Old Rhine has been diked since the Pfisako and separated from the Rhine by the Kurfürstenbauschleuse . This weir is closed when the Rhine water levels are high. Then the outflow from the Rußheimer Old Rhine into the Rhine takes place exclusively via the Rhine Low Canal , the Philippsburg Old Rhine and, if necessary, the Philippsburg pumping station. Günther Malusius does not see a “clear” confluence with the Rhine when referring to the two discharge possibilities. In the water law for Baden-Württemberg, in local usage and in topographical maps, but also in documents relating to the planned relocation of the dike to Elisabethenwörth, the Pfinz is viewed as a tributary of the Rhine Low Canal. According to this point of view, the mouth of the Pfinz lies west of Rußheim immediately south of the culvert under the Saalbach Canal .

course

Northern Black Forest and Kraichgau

The Pfinz rises from a seepage spring within the Pfinzquellen nature reserve , which was placed under protection in 2016 as one of the last large contiguous meadow landscapes in the northern Black Forest. The waters in the nature reserve are described as near-natural sections of a lowland stream; sometimes they are accompanied by strips of riparian forest. The AWGN defines the source of the Pfinz as a trickle that arises north of Straubenhardt -Langenalb and west of the road to Karlsbad - Ittersbach . Günther Malusius rejects this definition, since water only flows in this spring line when it rains. It locates the Pfinzquelle around 800 meters further north at the intersection of the Langenalb – Ittersbach road with the district boundary between the Enzkreis and the Karlsruhe district . In the topographical map, a source is labeled as Pfinzquelle not far from the confluence of these two source strands and south of Ittersbach.

Heading north to north-east, the Pfinz changes from the Black Forest-Randplatten natural area to the Kraichgau in the nature reserve . The Feldrennacher Bach flows west of Ittersbach, which is a little shorter than the upper reaches of the Pfinz but has a larger catchment area. The uppermost mill in the Pfinz was the Ittersbacher Schleemühle, northeast of the village with a water level of 250  m above sea level. NN and a catchment area of ​​12 square kilometers. Until Weiler , a district of Keltern and the first place directly on the Pfinz, the former state border between Baden and Württemberg roughly followed the course of the river. Between Ittersbach and Ellmendingen (to Keltern) the Pforzheimer Kleinbahn used the valley of the Pfinz until 1968 . The narrow-gauge railway, also known as the Panoramabahn , had a connection to Karlsruhe in Ittersbach . Between Ellmendingen and Dietenhausen , the Arnbach flows from the right in the nature reserve Ellmendinger Roggenschleh .

Above Nöttingen , a district of Remchingen , lies the flood retention basin named after the place . The retention area has been expanded from 160,000 to 550,000 cubic meters since 2017. The largest right-hand tributary of the Pfinz, the Kämpfelbach , flows between Wilferdingen and Singen, two other districts of Remchingen . From Wilferdingen the federal highway 10 and the Karlsruhe – Mühlacker railway run in the Pfinztal, which turns north to north-west. With Kleinsteinbach , Söllingen and Berghausen, the Pfinz flows through three districts of the Pfinztal community . From Berghausen flowing in a westerly direction, the Pfinz reaches the city ​​of Karlsruhe in Grötzingen .

Upper Rhine Plain

To the west of Grötzingen the Pfinz leaves the Kraichgau and enters the Hardtebenen natural area in the Upper Rhine Plain . At the Hühnerloch weir in Grötzingen, the Pfinz relief canal (center) and the Gießbach (to the right) branches off from the Pfinz (to the left) . The Pfinz, which is developed between Söllingen and Grötzingen for a discharge of 110 cubic meters per second, receives a maximum of five cubic meters per second at the weir; higher discharges are cut off via the relief canal to the Rhine.

Although there is no documentary evidence, it is assumed that the Pfinz was derived from the town of Durlach (now Karlsruhe) in the late Middle Ages , in order to drive mills there and to fill the moat in front of the city wall. The Gießbach branching off at the Hühnerloch weir is probably an old Pfinzlauf. The Pfinz flows to the southwest as far as Durlach. Before the 20th century, the Pfinz flowed along the northern edge of the Durlach town center before it was moved further north.

Below Durlach, the Pfinz turns north and follows the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne , a depression on the eastern edge of the Rhine plain. From around eleven dawn the river runs between dams at a high altitude; the water level is partly above the ground level. The high elevation, which is also common in other rivers in the region, is likely to be the result of the "stream cleaning" that was already documented in the late Middle Ages. The high sediment load, often loess from the Kraichgau, was dug out of the channel and deposited on the bank. To the northeast of Karlsruhe-Hagsfeld , the Pfinz crosses under the Pfinz relief canal in a culvert . At the waterway crossing, Pfinzwasser can be transferred into the relief channel.

Southeast of Stutensee - Blankenloch , but still in the area of ​​the city of Karlsruhe, the Heglach branches off to the left. The continuation of the Pfinz is often referred to as the Pfinz overpass and is a mostly dry ditch, as a weir usually directs the entire runoff into the Heglach. The two tributaries of the Pfinz overpass, the Rossweidgraben (also called Gießgraben) and a separated section of the Gießbach branching off in Grötzingen, are also usually dry. However, the filling quarry retention area drains via the Rossweidgraben into the Pfinz transition. In the case of exceptional floods in the Pfinz, water can be retained in the filling quarry , which flows in via the Pfinz relief canal.

Between Blankenloch and Weingarten (Baden) , the Pfinz overpass merges with the Weingarten relief canal to form the Pfinz correction that flows through regularly . The relief channel is fed by the Walzbach coming from the Kraichgau near Weingarten and the Gießbach branching off in Grötzingen.

The Pfinzkorrektion is a drainage canal developed for an outflow of 20 cubic meters per second, which is dammed by cultural weirs to support the groundwater level , so that in sections it resembles a body of stagnant water. The river bed is often covered with mud or digested sludge . Between Blankenloch and Stutensee- Staffort ("steady ford " or "ford with stomps / steps") the Alte Bach , which shortly before crossed the Heglach, flows from the left into the Pfinzkorrektion. The Alte Bach runs from Durlach to the left and to the west parallel to Pfinz and Heglach in a low position. The Walzbach flows north of Stutensee- Spöck from the right ; it is called Weingarter Bach in the Rhine plain and is also called Lachengraben below the tributary of the Grombach .

At Neuthard , the Alte Pfinz (also known as the Alter Pfinzgraben) branches off to the left and northwest, which absorbs the entire dry weather runoff. In the early 1990s, the relatively near-natural Alte Pfinz received very little water. Between 1991 and 1993 the Alte Pfinz dried up every summer, resulting in fish deaths and the disappearance of three native river mussel species .

The continuation of Pfinzkorrektion, often as Pfinzkanal called, leads to two kilometers from the left in the Saalbach channel . The higher discharges are discharged via the Pfinz Canal, and the canal is also the receiving water of the sewage treatment plant north of Neuthard. The only tributary is the Hartgraben (also Hardtgraben or Neugraben ), the common underflow of several ditches that drain the area between the alluvial cones of Walzbach in the south and Saalbach in the north as well as adjacent areas in the Kraichgau. The forerunner of the Pfinz Canal was the Kieselschorrengraben , which merged with the Hartgraben to form the Saugraben .

At Graben-Neudorf , the Alte Pfinz and Heglach merge to form the Pfinz, which flows west to northwest. Below the village, the river leaves the Haardtebenen, enters the northern Upper Rhine Lowlands, the floodplain of the Rhine, and flows through the Graben Bay. The river in the western part of the bay is again in an elevated position and crosses the extended Pfinzkanal .

The two lowest mills in the Pfinz were south of Rußheim ( near Dettenheim ); after the mills, the Pfinz runs parallel to the Saalbach Canal, which is bordered by high dams in the Rhine lowlands . Less than a kilometer west of Rußheim and directly above a culvert under the Saalbach Canal, the Pfinz flows into the Lower Rhine Canal from the southeast and on the right .

Tributaries

Table of the Pfinz tributaries with a catchment area over 7 km², the branches that can take up a considerable part of the runoff, and the Pfinz itself. With name, river code number (GKZ), mouth side, stationing of the inflow point (from the mouth of the Pfinz itself upwards calculated), length and catchment area (EZG) according to the data on the official waterway map. Places and heights according to the official topographic map. Evidence for this overview is in the main article. The definition of the river course on which this table is based is based on the labeling of the water courses on the topographic map .

f1Georeferencing Map with all coordinates of the overview: OSM

Significant tributaries, branches and river arms of the Pfinz
Surname GKZ page Stat.
m 		Length
km 		EZG
km² 		Estuary
 place 		 
m above sea level NHN 		Origin
 place 		 
m above sea level NHN
Feldrennacher Bach 2376-114 right 51,395 approx. 03.1 approx. 07.2 ⊙ toKarlsbad-Ittersbach 265 ⊙ atStraubenhardt-Conweiler 380
Krähenbach 2376-116 right 48,227 approx. 04.8 approx. 07.0 ⊙ inwine presses-hamlets 208 ⊙ at Straubenhardt-Schwann 405
Arnbach 2376-12 right 45,420 approx. 06.4 approx. 30.4 ⊙ in front of Keltern-Dietenhausen 178 ⊙ inNeuenbürg-Arnbach 303
Auerbach 2376-14 Left 42,674 approx. 08.3 approx. 11.5 ⊙ inRemchingen-Nöttingen 168 ⊙ near Karlsbad-Im Stockmädle 319
Rannbach 2376-192 right 42,069 approx. 03.7 approx. 08.2 ⊙ End of town Remchingen-Nöttingen 162 ⊙ Rannwaldnear Keltern-Dietlingen 252
Kämpfelbach 2376-2 right 39.126 approx. 11.3 approx. 73.2 ⊙ in Remchingen-Singen 152 ⊙ inKämpfelbach 263
Bocksbach 2376-4 Left 37.501 approx. 14.4 approx. 31.3 ⊙ inPfinztal-Kleinsteinbach 148 ⊙ near Karlsbad-Ittersbach 352
Pfinz relief canal 237512 right 29,070 approx. 15.6 approx. - ⊙ nearEggenstein-Leopoldshafen 102 ⊙ inKarlsruhe-Grötzingen 120
Heglach 2376 Left 20,722 approx. 12.9 approx. - ⊙ inGraben-Neudorf 107 ⊙ nearStutensee-Blankenloch 113
Old brook 2375624 Left 17,337 approx. 18.2 approx. - ⊙ atStutensee Castle 111 ⊙ near Karlsruhe-Grünwettersbach 264
Walzbach 2375626 right 12,964 approx. 20.5 approx. - ⊙ atNeuthard 110 ⊙ nearWalzbachtal-Wössingen 225
Pfinzkanal 237562 right 11,654 approx. 02.4 approx. - ⊙ nearKarlsdorf 109 ⊙ at Neuthard 109
Heglach 2376 Left 7,331 approx. 12.9 approx. - ⊙ inGraben-Neudorf 107 ⊙ nearStutensee-Blankenloch 113
Pfinz 2376 - 0,000 approx. 54.4 approx. 387.5 ⊙ nearDettenheim-Rußheim 98 ⊙ at Straubenhardt-Langenalb 360

history

Hydraulic engineering

The oldest documents mentioning hydraulic engineering in the region date from the 15th century, but some refer to earlier measures. Stream divisions were created to ensure faster drainage during floods.

In 1482 the Durlach mayor decided that in future a stream overseer should be appointed in every village to maintain the Pfinz. In 1521 and 1557, the Margraviate of Baden and the Hochstift Speyer concluded treaties which, among other things, stipulated the width of the Pfinz.

In 1453, the Speyer bishop Reinhard von Helmstatt ordered the construction of the Kleine Pfinz as a completely artificial body of water. The ditch branched off east of Graben (today Graben-Neudorf) and ran in a north-westerly direction to Udenheim (later renamed Philippsburg ). Udenheim was on the Saalbach , but suffered from a chronic water shortage - also due to the use by the upstream residents. The Pfinz was at the junction border river between the Baden and the Hochstift Speyer. The water was initially divided in a ratio of one to one, from 1557 Baden received two thirds of the water.

Johann Karl von Thüngen , in command of the Philippsburg Fortress , had another derivation from the Pfinz built just west of the branch in 1701, the Thüngen'sche Schließe . Large parts of the area around the fortress could be artificially flooded and turned into a morass. After the fortress was razed in 1799, the pipeline to Philippsburg was abandoned in the middle of the 19th century. Hieronymus Nopp , Mayor of Philippsburg between 1877 and 1893 and author of a city history, saw the Pfinz Canal in 1881, from which the Extended Pfinz Canal later emerged, as the successor to the Little Pfinz .

Meadow irrigation

Until the second half of the 20th century, the Pfinz was used extensively for meadow irrigation , especially in the Upper Rhine Plain . Meadow irrigation is documented for the first time in 1461 for the Kämpfelbach in the Pfinz area .

Extensive meadow areas lay between Durlach and Blankenloch. Orderly meadow irrigation was only possible after drainage ditches had been dug. In 1588 the ditch was created to drain the swampy area west of Durlach. He crossed the Hardt Plains on a direct route; today it is part of the Karlsruhe sewer system. In the 17th century, the Alte Bach was expanded into a drainage ditch west of the Pfinz.

Another large area with water meadows was the Graben Bay between the places Graben and Rußheim. There were four feeders here: the Galgengraben , which is now part of the Alte Bach , the Pfinz, the small Pfinz towards Philippsburg and the Forlengraben , a branch from the Heglach that no longer exists today. When entering the Graben Bay, the four supply lines split into ten main trenches and numerous small trenches. A large part of these waters flowed back into the Pfinz above Rußheim, while others flowed into the Rhine near Philippsburg. The so-called turbid watering was of particular importance in the Graben Bay, with the aim of allowing the turbid substances such as soil, loess or faeces carried along by the water to settle. Often, areas only became agriculturally usable through turbid water.

In the Graben Bay, the meadows were plowed into fields from the 1930s. The meadows in today's Oberbruchwiesen nature reserve have been preserved . In a survey in 1947, numerous municipalities, including those in the Kraichgau, stated that meadow irrigation is still being carried out in their districts. Meadows were last watered in Büchig in 1972.

Rafting and shipping

The Pfinz was used as a transport route until the 19th century. In 1521 it was agreed between Baden and the Speyer monastery that towpaths should be laid on both sides of the river . 1601 Baden Margrave ordered that the Pfinz between singing and Durlach should be cleaned so that firewood for the Castle in Durlach getriftet could be.

From 1668, plans were made to make the Pfinz navigable. They envisaged a widening of the river and the creation of towpaths; a canal with locks was only to be built near Grötzingen. In 1690 the Pfinzlauf above Durlach was supposed to be rehabilitated so that red sandstones could be transported from WIlferdingen to Durlach, which were needed there for the reconstruction of the war-torn castle. From 1699 the Steinkanal (also called Floßgraben or Krebsgraben ) existed between Grötzingen and Durlach . Shipping came to a standstill around 1716 when the residence was relocated to the newly founded Karlsruhe.

In 1767 the raft ditch was repaired and connected to the land ditch at the Lower Mill in the west of Durlach. This created a connection to Karlsruhe , also known as the stone canal, which was used to transport Pfinzsandstein for the construction of the new city. After 1770, stone shipping was extended downstream at least to Graben. There were two to four ships a day that were hauled by horses. For use around nine meters long came boat , the sandstones of Grötzingen, Durlach or Wolfartsweier after Blankenloch, Friedrichstal or Spöck transported. At the destinations, the stones were distributed to the surrounding villages by horse and cart. The Pfinz had to be dammed for ship transports and the operation of the mills had to be temporarily suspended, which led to conflicts with the millers. Because of the conflicts and because of the high costs, shipping was stopped in 1828. For the period between 1670 and 1760 there is several evidence that rafts were also carried out below Durlach. In some cases oak logs were transported; Dutch timber traders can also be identified.

Mills

Almost every village in the Pfinz once had a mill ; often there were several mills; for example there were seven mills in Durlach. Today there is no longer a mill on the Pfinz that is powered by water power . Some mills such as the Ortsmühle in Weiler, the Singener Mühle or the Friedrichstaler Mühle on the Heglach continue to grind grain, but use other energy sources. Other mill locations are now used to generate electricity, such as the Untere Nöttinger Mill, the Schnellermühle in Berghausen or the Walter Mill in Söllingen. The latter has been equipped with a hydropower screw since 2010 . The Durlacher Obermühle has been used as a house for friends of nature since 1988 ; the undershot water wheel there is also used to generate electricity.

Pfinz-Saalbach correction

Today's water structure in the Rhine plain is significantly shaped by measures that were carried out between 1934 and 1962 during the Pfinz-Saalbach correction (Pfisako). The Pfinz relief canal and the Saalbach canal were rebuilt. The Pfinz Correction was partly rebuilt, and partly it arose from straightening the Pfinz. In front of the Pfisako, the junction of the Heglach from the Pfinz was located southeast of Stutensee Castle, roughly where the Alte Bach now crosses the Heglach. Due to the construction of the Pfinz overpass, the junction was moved about three kilometers to the south, so that the course of the Pfinz at Blankenloch is now part of the Heglach.

An extensive Pfinz correction was planned before 1914, but could not be realized because of the First World War . In the time of National Socialism , the plans were taken up again and implemented with the help of the Reich Labor Service . On May 7, 1931, a flood had flooded the center of Grötzingen and large parts of the Durlach district; Downriver the water stood for weeks and drained off slowly.

Further corrections were carried out on the upper reaches until the 1970s, for example the Pfinz was straightened, deepened and widened between Söllingen and Grötzingen at the end of the 1950s and in the first half of the 1960s. In Weiler, the Pfinz was laid in three construction phases in a double trapezoidal profile between 1962 and 1973.

Water quality, fish stocks and renaturation

In 1910 the Pfinz was so polluted by three factories in Durlach and Grötzingen that there were no more fish in Durlach. As early as 1877, a potato starch factory in Durlach was forbidden to dispose of its solid production residues in the Pfinz region.

In 2004 the Pfinz was mainly classified in the water quality class II "moderately polluted", exceptions were the Pfinz correction as well as two short sections at Durlach and Rußheim (II-III "critically polluted") and the upper reaches to the Feldrennacher Bach (I-II "slightly polluted") "). The condition had thus improved compared to 1974, when the Pfinz was classified in quality class III, "heavily polluted".

According to information from 2002, the Pfinz was one of the few remaining areas of distribution of the bitterling on the Upper Rhine. Other species of fish such as loach , minnow and gudgeon are typical of lowland waters. The occurrence of burbot was explained by the proximity to the Rhine; Brown trout and rainbow trout had been used.

The first renaturation measures on the Pfinz were carried out in 1984 in the built-up area of ​​Durlach. Caused by the Water Framework Directive of the European Union, which obliges the member states to bring their waters into a good ecological and chemical condition, further sections of the Pfinz have now been rebuilt close to nature, for example near Pfinztal-Berghausen. Also were crashes by Sohlrampen replaced in order to restore the continuity of fish and aquatic microorganisms.

literature

  • Günther Malisius: Die Pfinz: Once a lifeline, now local recreation and always corrected . (= Contributions to the history of Durlach and the Pfinzgau , Volume 5). Freundeskreis Pfinzgaumuseum, Historical Association Durlach eV (Ed.). Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2011, ISBN 978-3-89735-681-8 .

Web links

Commons : Pfinz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Explanatory report (PDF, 22.2 MB)

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Map of the course and catchment area of ​​the Pfinz
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer or the digital terrain model .
  2. ↑ Height according to the blue lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  3. ↑ Length measured on the background layer topographic map from the station of the Feldrennacher Bach . Length according to the waterway name layer : 59.8 km, length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) : 60.4 km.
  4. ↑ Catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 04 . The catchment area defined in the AWGN does not include the tributaries from the Pfinzkorrektion, which flow from Neuthard via the Alte Pfinz to Graben-Neudorf.
  5. ↑ Cross profiles
    on the northern edge of the eleven morning break ,
    on Herdweg
    at Büchig ,
    generated from the digital terrain model of the LUBW's online map server.
  6. ↑ Cross profiles
    on the boundary between Graben-Neudorf and Dettenheim ,
    at the intersection with the extended Pfinzkanal ,
    above the Rußheimer mills ,
    generated from the digital terrain model of the LUBW's online map server.

Other evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  2. ↑ Josef Schmithüsen : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 161 Karlsruhe. Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Bad Godesberg 1952. →  Online map (PDF; 5.1 MB)
    Western Pfinzgau in the older sheet Karlsruhe still referred to as Pfinztal .
  3. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 97, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).
  4. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p. 10.
  5. ↑ a b Malusius, Pfinz , p. 7.
  6. ↑ Water Act for Baden-Württemberg (WG) of December 3, 2013, Annex 3: List of second-order waters in the maintenance of the state .
  7. ^ Regional Council Karlsruhe (Ed.): Final report of the preliminary investigations of the retention area Elisabethenwört 1992 , p. 28 ( download ).
  8. ↑ Regional Council Karlsruhe , Department 5 - Environment: Appreciation of the nature reserve "Pfinzquellen" of the community Straubenhardt, districts Langenalb, Ottenhausen, Pfinzweiler and Feldrennach (Enzkreis), community Karlsbad, district Ittersbach and community Marxzell, district Pfaffenrot (district Karlsruhe). (pdf, 3.22 MB)
  9. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p. 139.
  10. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p, 24 f.
  11. ↑ Profile from the State Agency for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW, accessed on April 19, 2019);
    Dredger bite for the largest flood retention basin in the Enzkreis on the website of the municipality of Remchingen (accessed April 19, 2019).
  12. ↑ Note on HQ, MQ and NQ longitudinal sections of the Upper Rhine tributaries with flood channel regulations. In: Institute for Water and Water Development - Hydrology Division, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ; State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (edit.): Abfluss-BW. Regionalized discharge parameters for Baden-Württemberg. As of October 2015, pp. 2-3 - 2-15, here pp. 2-12 ( online as PDF, 10.2 MB).
  13. ↑ Olivia Hochstrasser: From the Staufer Foundation to the Residence. In: Susanne Asche, Olivia Hochstrasser: Durlach. Staufer foundation, princely residence, citizen town. (= Publications of the Karlsruhe City Archives , Volume 17) Badenia, Karlsruhe 1996, ISBN 3-7617-0322-8 , pp. 15–146, here p. 70;
    Malisius, Pfinz , p. 31;
    Hans Knab, Simone Diet: The Hühnerlochschleuse (historical tour of Grötzingen, station 37).
  14. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , pp. 32, 49.
  15. ^ A b Dieter Hassler: A thousand years of effort and no end. The history of brook construction in Kraichgau, Hardt and Bruhrain. In: Dieter Hassler (Ed.): Wässerwiesen: History, technology and ecology of the irrigated meadows, streams and ditches in Kraichgau, Hardt and Bruhrain. Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 1995, ISBN 3-929366-20-7 , pp. 40–61, here p. 42.
  16. ↑ Information on the water flow in the map from Hassler, Wässerwiesen , p. 221.
  17. ↑ Gismar Eck: Pfinz-Saalbach-correction. In: Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Water management in Baden-Württemberg. Water supply, sewage disposal, river engineering, dam construction, agricultural hydraulic engineering, administration, organization. Verwaltungs-Verlag, Munich 1969, pp. 153–156, here p. 155.
  18. ^ Hassler, Thousand Years of Trouble , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here p. 61.
  19. ^ Daniel Baumgärtner: Limnology and ecology of the streams and ditches in Kraichgau, Hardt and Bruhrain. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 199–209, here p. 199.
  20. ↑ Konrad Dussel : Staffort 1110 to 2010. Forays through 900 years of history. Regionalkultur, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-89735-622-1 , p. 9 f.
  21. ↑ Baumgärtner, Limnologie und Ökologie , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 199–209, here pp. 200, 207.
  22. ^ Maps in Hassler, Wässerwiesen , p. 294 f.
  23. ^ Hassler, Thousand Years of Trouble , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here pp. 47 f.
  24. ^ Hassler, Thousand Years of Trouble , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here pp. 53–55.
  25. ↑ Hieronymus Nopp: History of the city and former imperial fortress Philippsburg. From its emergence from the castle and the village of Udenheim to the onset of the same in Baden. Reprint of the 2nd edition (Speyer 1881), published in 1980 by the Philippsburg city administration, p. 503.
  26. ↑ Dieter Hassler: Trial and error: The development of meadow irrigation in Kraichgau and Bruhrain. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp 62-82, here p 62nd
  27. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p. 75 f.
  28. ↑ Michael Hassler: A "swamp without end": The edge of the valley between Durlach and Bruchsal. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 218–223, here p. 219.
  29. ^ Map in Hassler, Wässerwiesen , p. 250.
  30. ^ Hajo Rheinstädter: The technique of meadow construction. , In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 83–96, here pp. 83–85.
  31. ↑ Dieter Hassler, Thomas Adam and Reiner Dick: Meadow watering on the Pfinz. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 223–231, here p. 226 f.
  32. ↑ Reiner Dick, August Nagel: Ecological flood protection in Stutensee. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 377-380, here p. 377.
  33. ^ Hassler, Thousand Years of Trouble , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here pp. 48, 57.
  34. ↑ a b Malusius, Pfinz , p. 111.
  35. ^ Hassler, Thousand Years of Trouble , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here p. 52.
  36. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , pp. 112–115.
  37. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p. 111 f.
  38. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , pp. 136-184.
  39. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , pp. 71, 79 f.
  40. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p. 88.
  41. ↑ Gustav Bauer: Hamlet on the Pfinz. A village between Baden and Swabia. Verlag Erna Bauer, Keltern 1986, ISBN 3-9801381-1-9 , p. 201.
  42. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , pp. 102, 121.
  43. ↑ Biological water quality map 1: 350,000 of the State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 11.7 MB)
  44. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p. 105.
  45. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p. 124.
  46. ↑ Malusius, Pfinz , p. 95.
  47. ^ Regional council Karlsruhe structural measure on the Pfinz near Pfinztal-Berghausen. (Accessed July 3, 2019).
  48. ↑ The conversion measure should lead to a good ecological status . Bulletin of the Pfinztal community, July 27, 2016 (accessed on July 3, 2019).