Söllingen (Pfinztal)
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Söllingen
municipality Pfinztal
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| Height : | 134 m |
| Residents : | 5593 (Aug 2012) |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1974 |
| Postal code : | 76327 |
| Area code : | 07240 |
Söllingen is a district of the Pfinztal municipality in the Karlsruhe district in Baden-Württemberg . As the largest district in terms of area, Söllingen is the seat of the municipal administration.
Neighboring places
The towns of Kleinsteinbach , Berghausen , Wöschbach and Wilferdingen-Singen (Remchingen) border the town of Söllingen .
history
The first written mention of it comes from the year 1085. In the 12th century Söllingen was owned by the monasteries Gottesau, Herrenalb and Hirsau, the place was called " Saldingen " at that time. In the 16th century the property went to the Margraviate of Baden. In 1867 the rail connection between the cities of Karlsruhe and Pforzheim was established. As a result, Söllingen received a train station. The trade and later the industry gained great importance for the community in the 19th century. At the boundary of Kleinsteinbach, an industrial company that was important for the time, the Wolframwerk ("Hammerwerk Söllingen"), arose. The metal industry, which had settled in neighboring Durlach in particular , also gave the residents of Söllingen new opportunities to earn and work. Around 800 displaced persons found a new home in Söllingen after the Second World War.
Söllingen increasingly developed from a farming village to a residential community. The sudden increase in the number of inhabitants was initially a bit problematic with regard to the infrastructure. In the later years until today, however, Söllingen developed a great attraction as a place to live. The municipal administration had meanwhile created the necessary community facilities. On January 1, 1974, Söllingen was incorporated into the new Pfinztal community. In 2010 Söllingen celebrated its 925th anniversary.
traffic
The Söllingen train station (near Karlsruhe) is on the Karlsruhe – Mühlacker railway line . Just like Berghausen and Kleinsteinbach, Söllingen is connected to the Karlsruhe light rail with the S5 Wörth - Pforzheim light rail line (with 3 stops (Söllingen Retzstraße, Söllingen Bahnhof and Söllingen Kapellenstraße)). The Bahnhof and Reetzstraße stops are served every 10 minutes on weekdays (except mornings) during the day. Every 30 minutes the trains do not end in Söllingen, but continue in the direction of Pforzheim, serving the Kapellenstrasse stop every 30 minutes.
Bundesstraße 10 also crosses Söllingen . There is now a bypass in the north of Söllingen. This was built to relieve the town from truck traffic to the industrial area of Söllingen. The delivery traffic of the industrial area can now drive directly onto the B10.
economy
In Söllingen there are various industrial areas for the manufacturing industry. The largest contiguous area is in Reetzstraße, which can be reached directly from the B 10 via the Söllingen northern bypass.
In addition to the commercial areas, there are various retail shops in the village.
education
Like all Pfinztal districts, Söllingen has a primary school. In addition, there is a large number of childcare offers for children of all ages in church and municipal sponsorship.
Churches and denominations
Several churches and religious communities are represented in Söllingen. In addition to the Protestant Michaelskirche , these are the Catholic Church of St. Pius X, the Liebenzeller Community and the New Apostolic Church Community.
Michaelskirche
With the founding of the large monasteries in St. Gallen , Weißenburg and Lorsch in the 7th and 8th centuries. In the 19th century Christianization began, which in the following Carolingian Empire (8th / 9th century) also strengthened in the region around Söllingen.
Michaelskirche, which is mainly of a late Gothic style, dates back to the 13th century in its oldest parts. Standing tall until well into the 20th century, it towered over the village, stood for a long time in the middle of the cemetery and was surrounded by a circular wall. The portal can only be reached via the church stagger and wall gate. Architectural and Historical Investigations revealed that the lower part of the church tower and the sacristy already Romanesque are origin. In the 13th century, religious buildings were often built in this architectural style. Based on Roman architecture, such building elements can also be found on the church. This includes the approximately 7 meter wide, almost square tower up to the bell chamber . The arched access opening in ashlar masonry, which was only accessible via a ladder, has been preserved from him in the attic. The sandstone framing of the choir and triumphal arch up to the height of the warrior and the foundations of a Romanesque apse (altar niche) discovered in the choir in 1991 also date from that time .
The first written mention of a church in Söllingen is contained in a document dated May 25, 1291. Then Margrave Hermann VII of Baden was given "the village and patronage rights over the church" by the Weißenburg monastery as a fief. Until then, Weißenburg was the owner of the church. The preserved Romanesque components are from the stone church of that time. Designed as a choir tower church, the tower rises above the chancel. In times of war and emergency it served as a fortified church and offered protection for the residents. The tower walls, which are around 150 cm thick at the bottom, had only narrow slit-like openings above the choir. On the upper floors, the wall thicknesses are tapered (125 and 110 cm). More precise data about the church can only be found in the 15th century. During the reign of Speyer Bishop Johann Nix von Enzberg and Margrave Karl I von Baden , the order for the renovation and expansion of the church was given in 1459. The construction management was carried out by Abbot Johann von Udenheim von Herrenalb. First the east side of the tower was broken up and the chancel was enlarged to the east to form a small choir. In the late Gothic style, the east wall was closed on three sides with four stepped buttresses and five high, ogival windows with fish bubble tracery. The northeast corner of the tower had to be secured by a buttress. The bell chamber was built with 90 cm thick walls and provided with ogival sound openings on three sides and a round window on the church roof. With the eight-sided spire, the spire reaches a height of around 35 meters. The ceiling of the new choir was given a Gothic reticulated vault with stitch caps and four yokes .
The coat of arms of Johann von Enzberger is attached to the attachment of the first ribs on the triumphal arch: a gold ring with three stones. Three keystones of the crossing belts are framed in a combination of square and quatrefoil (Gothic ornamental shape). They show the coat of arms of Baden , the coat of arms of Baden-Sponheim and a sculpture 'Maria with Jesuskind' carved from linden wood . The traditional Roman Hercules relief was walled in on the east side above the choir roof. The choir arch, which was raised, got a pointed arch with a deep groove and the door opening in the choir a pointed arch Stabwerkrahmung . The framework around the wall tabernacle in the north wall of the choir is flat . Two arched wall niches in the choir and the small sacrament niche are much older . The sacristy, rebuilt in the upper area at the same time, is covered with a ribbed vault with a decorated keystone. The demarcation of the light walls from the same-toned ceiling and the ribs is made visible again in the original version with simple brown lines.
After the tower and choir had been rebuilt and the rest of the Romanesque building was demolished, the Gothic nave was rebuilt . The north wall of this nave , approx. 16 × 8 m, symmetrically and axially arranged from east to west, is still preserved today. This is divided into four high, ogival tracery windows and a central entrance gate. Above this is the newly glazed round window with quatrefoil. The original room height can be recognized by the restored decorative frieze above the choir arch. Above the northern portal with a frame in the shape of a donkey's back is translated 'anno domini 1473'. The partially preserved Gothic framework portal is walled in on the west facade, which was built in the 19th century. '1473' is also carved into the keystone in old German script. The dates document the completion of an extensive construction project, which was not fully completed until 1483. The sandstone paving and the 95 cm thick foundation of the western outer wall and the southern longitudinal wall of the Gothic church are located under the bench pedestals.
In 1506 the roof and nave had to be repaired. A year later the church was dedicated to the Archangel Michael . In 1574 there were first reports of the presence of bells and a tower clock, which suffered multiple damage over the centuries. The tower was badly damaged during the Thirty Years War . It was not renewed until 1731, when it received a roof covered with slate stones. During the French Wars (17th and 18th centuries) the church was seriously damaged by raids on the village in 1689, 1691 and 1707. Benches, pulpit and the Gothic interior door to the sacristy were destroyed and all the inventory stolen. Repairs could not be carried out due to an emergency. It was not possible to completely cover the damaged church roof until 1731. More and more complaints came about the church, which had become too small. With the approval of the margraves, the Gothic south wall was demolished in 1787 and rebuilt 4 meters to the south. Four high and one low arched windows, including a central entrance, were made in the late Baroque style. The installation of a gallery created additional space. Contrary to the wishes of the community, the nave has been extended on one side and the roof has been erected asymmetrically to the tower with a flatter slope. In the warehouse, the Romanesque and Gothic roof can still be seen on the western tower wall. As a result of the expansion, part of the cemetery, which was moved around 1740, was built over and covered with sandstone slabs. A grave slab discovered in 1992 under the bench pedestals was placed next to the door to the sacristy. In 1787 the church ceiling remained at its old height despite the enlarged space. Ceiling beams around twelve meters long are suspended from a central cover and four trusses . The large church ceiling has repeatedly led to the formation of cracks in the plaster due to material tension. The ceiling plaster was now cut open under the imitation beams and provided with expansion joints .
In 1889 the church had to be expanded again after it was too small again. This time the western outer wall was broken off and shifted 5 meters. For this purpose, stairs were built on both sides and a staircase next to the sacristy. The new facades made of local sandstone are built in a neo-Gothic style. The middle gallery was enlarged. Both galleries received new balustrades. The desolate seating was also renewed. The furnace heating from 1882 has been replaced by warm air heating four decades later.
Repairs and renovations have had to be carried out time and again since the church was founded, and these were mostly limited to the bare essentials. The interior painting of the church was often subject to change; this was last the case in 1961. During the construction work that was carried out at that time, the heating system in need of repair had to be converted. A heating and oil storage room had to be built. Newly created warm air ducts ensured heat distribution. The middle gallery was shortened by around 120 cm. Wooden supports and joists under the galleries have been replaced by steel ones. The parapets were given a cassette-like panel cladding. The simple, wooden box altar was exchanged for the stone table altar. Five stained glass windows from 1889 and one round window were replaced. In 1962 the facade was repainted. The damaged external stairs and the footpaths were covered with artificial stone slabs.
Over the past 30 years, damage has been seen inside and outside the church. After intensive preparation, the most extensive conversion and renovation work to date began on St. Michael's Church in autumn 1990. In cooperation with the architect, restorer, state monument office and senior church council, the parish council was bound by monument protection guidelines. The preservation of the historically valuable building stock had to be given special consideration. In the first construction phase, after scaffolding the building, the damaged woodwork was replaced and the tower was re-roofed. The spire with the weather vane and the archangel were gold-plated, as were the hands on the new dial. A radio-controlled electronic clockwork was installed. The gutters with waste pipes and lightning protection lines were renewed. In September 1991, the interior work began as the second construction phase. After the urgently needed replacement of the heating system, it can continue to be operated with heating oil and in the future also be fired with natural gas. Part of the main conception of the interior of the church is the new structuring of the room by adding the supports on the ground floor and continuing them onto the galleries. With glare beams under the ceiling, the free church space now appears visually opposite the galleries. This impression was enhanced by the further retraction of the middle gallery by approx. 90 cm reinforced. The effect achieved now reveals the possible room size of the Gothic church. It was also crucial to uncover, renovate and restore what was worth preserving from the 15th century church and the following eras. Sometimes up to five top coats had to be carefully removed by the restorer. As a result, long-forgotten frescos came to light. In the front part of the church you can now admire the impressive fragments, especially the Last Supper scene from the 16th century. Overpainted floral motifs are exposed on the cross vault of the choir, the light tones of which harmonize with the delicate red of the sandstone surround and the decorative keystones of the 15th century. The colors of the later room paintings (17th / 18th century) were finely coordinated with the overall concept of the renovation. The now sloping window ledges on the north wall and the small niche at the pulpit staircase are from the 15th century. The cornices of the south windows are adapted to the north side. The sacrament niche in the choir and various restored (uneven) plastered surfaces belong to the late Gothic construction phase. The new flooring made of sandstone slabs is most likely to do justice to this architectural style.
To improve the richness of the sound, the new organ is placed in the middle gallery, axially to the choir and main entrance. The substructure is reinforced with steel girders and supports. The wooden cladding of the supports and the exposed neo-Gothic gallery balustrades, as well as the stalls, are coordinated with the painting of the organ and the entire church area. The selected colors are based in part on found old tones. Despite the hardships and some poverty, the residents of the village have repeatedly campaigned for the preservation of their church over the centuries.
Since the interior renovation was completed in 1994, the entire complex of the Michaelskirche has fully lived up to the title of 'cultural monument' and as such is to be particularly appreciated and preserved.
Public facilities
Söllingen is the only district in Pfinztal to have a public indoor swimming pool. In addition to the school swimming lessons, swimming courses also take place there. The Räuchle-Halle and the Emil-Frommel-Haus are in the immediate vicinity.
The local library is located in the community center (opposite the town hall on the B10).
Attractions
Bertha Benz Memorial Route
Söllingen is located on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route , which commemorates Bertha Benz's first long-distance automobile journey (1888), and led from Mannheim via Berghausen to Pforzheim and via Bretten back to Mannheim.
Pfinztal Nature Experience Trail (NEPP)
In 2003 the Pfinztal nature discovery trail was officially opened in the Söllingen "Dammschlag" forest district. The path, which is financed by the community and created with the participation of many citizens, has grown to 16 stations over the years.
coat of arms
The oldest representation of the Söllingen coat of arms dates back to 1743. The coat of arms carved on a stone on the cemetery wall showed the coat of arms upside down. The stone was removed over time during restoration work.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Baden General State Archives had the then still independent municipality of Söllingen to use the current coat of arms "in silver an angle plumb bob". Since this arrangement from 1902 allowed various interpretations, the coat of arms was checked again in the 1970s. Today's municipal coat of arms was handed over on March 26, 1971.
The exact designation reads: "In silver (white) the red village sign (a cross with a low-set crossbar) on its top an angle with legs turned downwards."
Web links
- Internet presence of the community of Pfinztal
- Söllingen in Stadtwiki Karlsruhe
- Kleinsteinbach in the Baden-Württemberg regional history portal
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 481 .
- ↑ Catholic pastoral care unit Pfinztal http://www.kath-pfinztal.de/
- ↑ Homepage of the Liebenzeller Community Söllingen http://lg-soellingen.de/
- ↑ New Apostolic Church Söllingen Archived copy ( memento of the original from June 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ev. Parish of Söllingen http://www.kirche-soellingen.de/michaelskirche.php
- ↑ Ortschronik Söllingen - district sign and municipal coat of arms (B. Zilly)
