Hardtwald (Karlsruhe)

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The Hardtwald seen from space

The Hardtwald (the toponym " Hardt " stands for common forest pasture , Eckerich - and wood use) is a historic forest area in the Upper Rhine Plain between Rastatt and Graben-Neudorf , north and south of Karlsruhe . As a well-known forest area of ​​this region, the landscape on the Hochgestade on the right bank of the Rhine is called Hardt . It is divided into the northern , lower or Karlsruher Hardt in the north of the river Alb and the southern or upper Hardt south of the Alb. In a broader sense, the Lußhardt and Schwetzinger Hardt forests, located between Bruchsal and Schwetzingen , belong to the Hardt Forest . Numerous local companies, associations, schools and buildings have the word Hardt as part of their name. The spelling Haardt is also seldom read, which should not lead to confusion with the Haardt on the left bank of the Rhine , a mountain range.

geography

Pfinz relief canal

The Hardtwald lies on the barren, sandy soils of the lower terrace of the Upper Rhine between the lowlands of the Rheinauen in the west and the Kinzig-Murg-Rinne in the east. In the natural spatial structure it belongs to the area of ​​the Hardt Plains . The predominant tree species is the pine .

To the north of Karlsruhe, the Hardtwald is an almost contiguous, flat forest area ( state forest ) that offers local recreation . The Hardtwald is also referred to here as the green lung of Karlsruhe. With the palace garden, the green zone extends into the city center of Karlsruhe. In addition to its role as a water catchment area (see Upper Rhine Aquifer ) , the Hardtwald also forms a fresh air corridor for the city. The Nordhardt is from south to north from Hirsch channel and from east to west from Pfinz-relief channel flows through.

The part of the city of Karlsruhe in the northern Hardtwald belongs to the landscape protection area (LSG) Nördliche Hardt , in the neighboring district of Karlsruhe the LSG Hardtwald joins north of Karlsruhe . The protected park and forest area is also designated as a FFH area Hardtwald between Graben and Karlsruhe and as a bird sanctuary in Hardtwald north of Karlsruhe . The nature reserve Kohlplattenschlag in a former gravel pit also belongs to the northern Hardtwald .

The Hardtwald extends south of the Alb to Bietigheim in the Rastatt district . Its Karlsruhe share belongs to the Südliche Hardt landscape protection area . In the Karlsruhe district, the LSG Hardtwald near Ettlingen and Rheinstetten and Hardtwald south of Karlsruhe . The Hardtwald FFH area between Karlsruhe and Muggensturm also includes areas in the Rastatt district. Large parts of the Hardt Forest in Durmersheim are not under protection .

Karlsruhe Palace between city and forest 1721

history

The villages of Bulach and Beiertheim have been located on the Alb between North and South Hardt since the Middle Ages . When the margraviate of Baden was divided in 1535, the Alb formed the border between the margraviate of Baden-Baden in the south and the margravate of Baden-Durlach . In 1582 the Beiertheim Baden-Baden north of the river was also awarded. The state border of Baden-Durlach was only a little south of the road from Durlach to Mühlburg , which crossed the lower Hardtwald, today's Kaiserstraße . The lower Hardtwald served as a hunting ground for the margraves of Baden-Durlach, the residents of the surrounding villages used it for forest pasture or for the extraction of firewood and timber. Common tree species were beech , oak and pine . The intensive use resulted in a light forest image. There were pens with wells for the grazing animals .

Margrave Charles III. After the Peace of Rastatt in 1714, Wilhelm von Baden-Durlach had a hunting lodge built at what would later become the Pheasant Castle. To the west of it and north of the road, he had a hunting star laid out in early 1715 , the 32 rays of which should open up the Hardtwald as a hunting area and a circular zoo in the center. In the same year the decision was made to build a residence at this location. On June 17, 1715, the margrave laid the foundation stone for a tower in the center of the wayside star, which was expanded into the hunting and pleasure palace, the Karlsruhe Palace . In September 1715 the margrave issued the letter of privilege with which citizens were invited to settle. The city of Karlsruhe emerged on the nine southern rays of the starway. With their growth, more and more forest areas were cleared over time, initially in the south of the residence.

During the Second World War , the secret construction of a dummy city ( camouflage name "Venezuela") with the well-known Karlsruhe fan layout in the northern Hardtwald between Linkenheim , Friedrichstal and Blankenloch was intended to prevent the city from being destroyed, which at least partially succeeded until the introduction of greatly improved radar devices in 1942 by dropping some enemy bombs on this bogus facility that was supposed to hit Karlsruhe.

In the middle of the forest area, the Karlsruhe Research Center was built in 1956 on the Leopoldshafen district , which today forms the North Campus of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The groundwater of the Hardtwald served as cooling water for the research reactors . The Waldstadt emerged from 1957 as a housing estate in the Hardtwald. Plans for the north ring road in Karlsruhe envisaged cutting through the Hardt Forest.

Avenues

Friedrichstaler Allee

The paths leading from Karlsruhe Castle in a straight line through the northern part of the forest are called " avenues ". The name stands for framed by vegetation paths in the forest corridors of and not planted rows of trees. Most of the avenues lead to places on the edges of the forest and are mostly well developed, partly asphalt, partly carefully graveled. Today they form important connections for bicycle traffic in the greater Karlsruhe area.

literature

  • Patricia Blum (ed.): Hardtwald experience. The dream in green . Braun, Karlsruhe 2004, ISBN 3-7650-8272-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert Gradmann : Southern Germany. Volume 2, Engelhorn, Stuttgart 1931. Reprint: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt, ISBN 3-534-00124-9 , p. 18.
  2. ↑ a b Andreas Wolf: Cultural Landscape - Origin and Change. In: Naturführer Karlsruhe Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 2006, ISBN 3-89735-424-1 , p. 40 f.
  3. ^ Ordinance of the Karlsruhe Mayor's Office on the Nördliche Hardt landscape protection area . City of Karlsruhe, accessed on July 27, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Profile of the FFH area in the LUBW's list of protected areas , accessed on October 23, 2015
  5. ↑ Profile of the SPA area in the LUBW's list of protected areas , accessed on July 19, 2017
  6. ↑ Profile of the landscape protection area in the protected area directory of the LUBW , accessed on July 19, 2017
  7. ↑ Profile of the landscape protection area in the protected area directory of the LUBW , accessed on July 19, 2017
  8. ↑ Profile of the landscape protection area in the protected area directory of the LUBW , accessed on July 19, 2017
  9. ↑ Profile of the FFH area in the LUBW's list of protected areas , accessed on July 19, 2017
  10. ^ Environmental data and maps online (UDO) of the LUBW , accessed on July 19, 2017
  11. ^ Chronicle of Beiertheim. In: karlsruhe.de. City of Karlsruhe, accessed on July 19, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Gottfried Leiber : Friedrich Weinbrenner's urban development work for Karlsruhe . Part 1: Baroque town planning and Weinbrenner's first classicist designs. Braun, Karlsruhe 1996, ISBN 3-7650-9041-7 , pp. 22-47.
  13. ^ Jutta Dresch: The Karlsruhe Palace - building history and city layout. In: karlsruhe.de. City of Karlsruhe, accessed on July 17, 2017 .
  14. ^ The sham facility - a second Karlsruhe in the Hardtwald. Baden-Württemberg State Archives, April 8, 2005, accessed on July 29, 2009 .
  15. ↑ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Department General State Archive Karlsruhe - holdings: S Environmental Protection No. 886. Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, accessed on June 13, 2011 .
  16. ↑ The almost unknown sham facility in the Hardtwald: How a dummy was supposed to save Karlsruhe during the war and later failed. ka-news, October 1, 2018, accessed on November 15, 2018 .
  17. ^ Horst Schmidt: Alleen im Hardtwald. In: Patricia Blum: Hardtwald experience. G. Braun, Karlsruhe 2014, ISBN 3-7650-8272-4 , pp. 32-36.

Web links

Commons : Hardtwald (Karlsruhe)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 3 ′ 40 ″  N , 8 ° 25 ′ 45 ″  E