Grombach (Walzbach)

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Grombach
Rivulet below the Binsheimer fountain, in the background the wood around the fountain

Rivulet below the Binsheimer fountain, in the background the wood around the fountain

Data
Water code DE : 23756268
location Kraichgau

Hard levels

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Walzbach  → Pfinz  → Rhine  → North Sea
source Binsheimer Brunnen northeast of the Aussiedlerhöfe Binsheim , Walzbachtal
49 ° 3 ′ 23 ″  N , 8 ° 36 ′ 34 ″  E
Source height 215  m above sea level NHN
muzzle from the right into the Walzbach approx. 600 m west of Bruchsal - Büchenau Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′ 9 ″  N , 8 ° 31 ′ 10 ″  E 49 ° 6 ′ 9 ″  N , 8 ° 31 ′ 10 ″  E
Mouth height 111  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 104 m
Bottom slope 11 ‰
length 9.4 km
Catchment area 16.047 km²
Flood retention basin Untergrombach

Flood retention basin Untergrombach

The Grombach is a nearly ten kilometer long brook that arises in Kraichgau and flows into the Upper Rhine Plain from the right of the Walzbach . The brook flows through the Bruchsal districts of Obergrombach and Untergrombach as well as Büchenau in the Baden-Württemberg district of Karlsruhe . In Untergrombach, the Grombach relief channel branches off , which serves to relieve the flood .

Surname

The stream name is derived from the color green and refers to either the color of the water or the vegetation on the bank.

geography

course

There are two different definitions of the source of the Grombach: In local historical literature, the church source at the Obergrombach Castle Chapel ( ⊙ ) is regarded as the source of the Grombach. An information board on site names the source as the Grombach spring .

According to the official digital water management network (AWGN), the Grombach rises from the Binsheimer Brunnen , which lies just under three kilometers south-southeast of Obergrombach in the Jöhlingen district of the Walzbachtal community . On the topographic map, the Grombach and its tributaries are shown as only temporarily water-bearing water until just before Obergrombach. At the Binsheimer Brunnen, the Grombach flows 700 meters westwards and along this route takes up a 1.7 kilometer long road ditch coming from the left and south, which flows through the group of Aussiedlerhöfe known as Binsheim . The Grombach then turns north for around two kilometers and mostly runs as a ditch next to the communal road from Binsheim to Obergrombach and through a valley known as the Bern valley. Before crossing under the district road 3501 (Untergrombach – Obergrombach– Gondelsheim ), a good one kilometer long ditch opens from the right, which follows the district road.

Turning west to north-west, the Grombach reaches the built-up area of ​​Obergrombach, which it flows through in an 800-meter-long hollow . Inside the Verdolung, the inflow from the fountain at the castle chapel flows from the right. The valley narrows between Obergrombach and Untergrombach; the Grombach flows through the flood retention basin Untergrombach, which is not permanently dammed, with a normal flood retention area of ​​52,000 cubic meters.

On the eastern outskirts of Untergrombach , the short Brunnenbach, designated as an areal natural monument , flows from the left . It rises from an abundant spring on the edge of the valley floodplain, which is used to supply Obergrombach with water. A second tributary of the Grombach, a little further down the valley, arises in an extensive area with seepage springs , called Im Brüchle . The Grombach also passes Untergrombach in a hollow. In the 1200 meter long twisted section the federal highway 3 ( Heidelberg - Karlsruhe ) and the railway line Heidelberg - Karlsruhe cross . Just before the end of the Verdolung, the Grombach relief canal branches off to the left at the Untergrombach cemetery .

Untergrombach lies partially on the alluvial cone that the Grombach formed when it entered the Upper Rhine Plain. The stream leaves - running largely parallel to the 3501 district road - the alluvial cone west to north-west. The Grombach - like other rivers and streams in the region - is lined with dams and flows in an elevated position; the water level is partly above the ground level. The high elevation is likely to be the result of the “stream cleaning”, which can already be documented in the late Middle Ages, in which the sediments were dug out of the stream bed and deposited on the bank.

In a short wooded area, the Grombach crosses the federal autobahn 5 (Heidelberg – Karlsruhe) in a culvert and then reaches the Büchenau field. Partly accompanied by field hedges, the stream passes the southern outskirts of Büchenau. Around 600 meters west of Büchenau, the Grombach flows from the right and southeast into the Walzbach, which is referred to here as Weingarter Bach (above the Grombach estuary) or Lachengraben (below the Grombach estuary). The Lachengraben flows into the Pfinz tributary to the Rhine after just under two kilometers .

No tributaries to the Grombach are shown in the AWGN. The stream does not flow through any nature or landscape protection areas; however, two parts of the nature reserve Michaelsberg and Habichtsbuckel are not far from the stream.

Grombach relief canal

Grombach relief canal
Sludge settling basin on the Grombach relief canal, in the background the Michaelsberg

Sludge settling basin on the Grombach relief canal, in the background the Michaelsberg

Data
Water code DE : 237562546
location Hard levels

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over New canal  → Pfinz  → Rhine  → North Sea
Emergence Branch from Grombach at the cemetery of Untergrombach
49 ° 5 ′ 14 ″  N , 8 ° 32 ′ 47 ″  E
Source height 115  m above sea level NHN
Mouth height 111  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 4 m
Bottom slope 1.8 ‰
length 2.2 km
Catchment area 2.839 km²

The Grombach relief channel branches off to the left and south at the Untergrombach cemetery in the Verdolung of the Grombach. After a short underground run, the canal runs through the fields of Untergrombach, bends to the right and west after about 250 meters and after another 500 meters reaches a sludge settling basin. Slightly below the sedimentation basin, the relief channel turns north to north-west, runs along the edge of the forest and, after entering the forest shortly before, passes under the federal motorway 5. Below the motorway, the canal flows west to south-west and reaches the district of Stutensee - Staffort . Around 250 meters north of the Staffort sports grounds, the Grombach relief canal joins the border ditch coming from the left to form the New Canal . After about 1.5 kilometers north of Staffort, the New Canal flows into Pfinz from the right; according to the AWGN, it is also referred to as the Grombach relief canal for around 400 meters .

Two tributaries of the Grombach relief canal are identified in the AWGN:

  • The Allmendgraben , a good one kilometer long, flows into the canal from the left above the sedimentation basin. It arises on the southern outskirts of Untergrombach, flows in an arc that extends south to the west and crosses under the railway line from Heidelberg to Karlsruhe. Also known as Weihergraben , the body of water was originally a tributary of the Grombach used to irrigate meadows , which branched off in Untergrombach at the corner of Bachstrasse and Weierstrasse and flowed back into the Grombach west of the village. According to information from 1995, the trench was filled with rubble and overburden "decades ago". In 2019, the water was still shown on the topographic map.
  • The 3.2-kilometer-long Bruchwiesengraben flows below the sedimentation basin from the left into the Grombach relief channel. It arises in a small valley in the mountain forest south of Untergrombach in Kraichgau. The high water retention basin Roschelweg, with a normal flood retention area of ​​a good 1000 cubic meters , is located above a dump in which the water passes the southern end of Untergrombach . After entering the Rhine plain, the ditch flows first to the south-south-west, then - crossing the railway line - to the west and finally to the north.

history

The Binsheimer Brunnen, identified in the AWGN as the source of the Grombach, is located near the Binsheim desert , which was first mentioned in 1274 as Binstan . The place probably fell desolate in the 15th century; it was last mentioned in 1640. The group of Aussiedlerhöfe to the south took on the name Binsheim .

The use of the Grombach for meadow irrigation was first mentioned in 1496. That year there was a legal dispute between Untergrombach and Büchenau, because Untergrombach had blocked the watercourse and directed the water to its meadows. The judgment of 1496 was in favor of Untergrombach; later conflicts mostly concerned the protection of the Büchenau district from flooding. In 1850 90 percent of the Untergrombacher meadows were watered, Büchenau got its water mainly from the Weingarter Bach.

In Obergrombach, the outflow from the Grombach was too small to be able to operate mills. Only the inflow of the Brunnenbach made it possible to operate mills. 1401 three mills are mentioned in Untergrombach. The bottom mill was given up after 1500 as unprofitable, and the amount of water available was too small and too irregular. The middle mill, henceforth known as the lower mill , was just like the upper mill a ban mill . The lower mill was driven by an electric motor from 1929. In 1969 the mill was stopped and the buildings demolished. Between 1921 and 1954 there was an electrically powered oil mill , which was located directly next to the lower mill. The building of the upper mill, which was closed in 1970, has been preserved; it had a steam power plant from 1885, a diesel engine from 1918 and an electric motor from 1938.

Below Grombach there were three bodies of water that no longer exist today, which branched off to the right and flowed into the Saalbach via further ditches : The Immerten ditch was cut off a little below the railway line; the Eiergraben branched off at about the level of the Autobahn. The lower reaches of both trenches are still recorded in the AWGN today; they are mostly dry. At the level of Büchenau , water could be directed into the Büchenau village ditch via a contactor , the Grombach signal box . The ditch, running in a concrete channel since 1893, followed Büchenauer Hauptstrasse and was used for fire protection and village cleaning. At the end of the 1960s, the ditch was cleared as part of the car-friendly expansion of the main road and the construction of the sewer system.

The Grombach Relief Canal was built in the mid-1930s during the Pfinz-Saalbach Correction (1934–1962) by workers from the Reich Labor Service . The canal used for flood relief is dimensioned for a maximum discharge of six cubic meters per second. Below the current confluence of the Bruchwiesengraben, the relief channel runs along the route of a trench that is named as Retzbruchgraben and Galgengraben in the topographic map from 1876 .

A flood of the Grombach is documented for the spring of 1784. At that time houses in Untergrombach were badly damaged and a bridge was torn away. In 1926 the creek in Untergrombach was bordered with concrete walls. The Untergrombach Verdolung was created in the mid-1960s together with the Untergrombach retention basin . In Obergrombach the water was verdolted in 1981.

According to investigations carried out by the Baden authority responsible for hydraulic engineering at the end of the 19th century, the mean discharge of the Grombach at the Upper Mill in Untergrombach was 50 liters per second; at high water, three to four cubic meters per second could flow away. An information board at the upper mill indicates the average discharge at 15 liters per second; a value which is well below the amount required to operate an overshot waterwheel and which resulted in major problems in operating the mill. According to information from the 1990s, the runoff of the Grombach has decreased significantly; it is usually dry above the Brunnenbach estuary. A water flora and fauna was only available in places. Even below Untergrombach, the Grombach was often dry.

Web links

Commons : Grombach  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Map of the Grombach and its catchment area
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b c d Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer or the digital terrain model of the online map.
  2. ↑ a b Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ a b Catchment area after the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  4. ↑ Profile HRB Untergrombach at LUBW (accessed on August 31, 2019).
  5. ↑ Forest biotope mapping, survey form source area SO Untergrombach (No. 269172153549). (accessed on September 1, 2019)
  6. ↑ Cross profiles
    west of Untergrombach ,
    near Büchenau ,
    generated from the digital terrain model of the online map.
  7. ↑ Protected areas according to the relevant layers, nature partly according to the biotope layer .
  8. ↑ Profile HRB Roschelweg at LUBW (accessed on September 2, 2019).

Other evidence

  1. ↑ a b Josef Schmithüsen : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 161 Karlsruhe. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. →  Online map (PDF; 5.1 MB)
  2. ^ A b c Thomas Adam: Meadow watering from Walzbach, Weingarter Bach and Grombach. In: Dieter Hassler (Ed.): Wässerwiesen: History, technology and ecology of the irrigated meadows, streams and ditches in Kraichgau, Hardt and Bruhrain. Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 1995, ISBN 3-929366-20-7 , pp. 231–245, here p. 243.
  3. ^ Michael Walter: Obergrombach as a settlement. In: Franz Xaver Beck (ed.): 600 years of the city of Obergrombach. 1336-1936. Müller, Karlsruhe 1936, pp. 1–13, here p. 1.
  4. ↑ a b Heimatverein Obergrombach: Information board Grombach an der Grombachquelle, as of August 21, 2019.
  5. ↑ Thomas Adam: On the way through the district. The variety is in the detail. Nature conservation in the Untergrombach cultural landscape. In: Josef Lindenfelser: Untergrombach. A village through the ages. Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher 1995, ISBN 3-929366-19-3 , pp. 255–277, here p. 265.
  6. ↑ Dieter Hassler: A thousand years of effort and no end. The history of brook construction in Kraichgau, Hardt and Bruhrain. In: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here p. 42.
  7. ↑ Harald Bläske (arrangement): Büchenauer Impressionen. A village past and present. Published by the city of Bruchsal, Regionalkultur, Heidelberg 2006, ISBN 978-3-89735-454-8 , p. 72.
  8. ^ Adam, Unterwegs durch die Gemarkung , in: Lindenfelser, Untergrombach , pp. 255–277, here p. 262.
  9. ↑ Binsheim - Wüstung at LEO-BW (accessed on September 2, 2019).
  10. ^ Adam, Wiesenwässerung from Walzbach, Weingarter Bach and Grombach , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 231–245, here pp. 243–245.
  11. ↑ a b Heimatverein Untergrombach: Information boards Obere Mühle and Untere Mühle and Ölmühle , as of September 1, 2019.
  12. ↑ a b Maps in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , p. 221 f.
  13. ↑ Information board for the Grombach signal box in Büchenau, as of September 25, 2011.
  14. ↑ Information board Dorfgraben in Büchenau, as of October 1, 2009.
  15. ^ Hassler, Thousand Years of Trouble , in: Hassler, Wässerwiesen , pp. 40–61, here p. 61.
  16. ↑ measuring table sheet 6917 Weingarten from 1876 in the Deutsche Fotothek
  17. ↑ Heimatverein Untergrombach: Information board Der Grombach , as of June 17, 2011.
  18. ^ Adam, Unterwegs durch die Gemarkung , in: Lindenfelser, Untergrombach , pp. 255–277, here p. 264 f.