Württemberg (wine-growing region)

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Data
Wine region : Württemberg
Federal states : Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria
Viticulture since: 2nd century
Surface: 11,345 hectares (2011)
Wine production: 1,001,299 hl (2011)
Share of quality wine : about 60-85% AOC
Website: www.wvwue.de
map
German wine regions.jpg
Southern Germany:
Wuerttemberg wine-growing region (brown, No. 13)

In the Württemberg wine- growing region , wine is grown that is sold as Württemberg wine in accordance with Section 3, Paragraph 1, No. 13 of the Wine Act . In 2008 the "Württemberger" achieved a share of 11.4% in German wine production . The wine from Württemberg is famous for its red vineyards . The most common grape varieties are Trollinger ( red ) and Riesling ( white ). The Württemberger Weinstrasse , which emerged from the Swabian Wine Route , has been running through the wine-growing region since October 2004 .

Geographical location and climate

The Württemberg wine-growing region is located in southern Germany. It extends between the northern area of ​​Kocher-Jagst-Tauber, which adjoins the Franconian wine-growing region and is known for its sparkling white wines, along the Neckar Valley via Heilbronn and Stuttgart to Tübingen . A small area on the Württemberg shore of Lake Constance in Kressbronn is also part of it, and the vineyards on the Bavarian shore of Lake Constance near Lindau are also part of Württemberg's wine geography.

The favorable microclimate along the Neckar and the Muschelkalk and Keuper soils allow expressive red wines to flourish. Hot summers and sunny autumn days ensure high quality and good harvest yields. Winter frosts in a continental climate lead to yield losses in some years.

In the Stuttgart area and in the Esslinger area, plump, characterful Trollinger , classy and fruity Riesling wines and spicy Kerner grow on the steep slopes of the Neckar Valley . The soil and the warm climate are also suitable for Müller-Thurgau , Portugieser and Dornfelder .

The brown Jura and volcanic soil put their stamp on the typical wines around Neuffen and Metzingen. Delicate and delicate, this is how the cellar master declares the mainly white wines: Silvaner , Kerner, Müller-Thurgau and Pinot Noir . These wines, grown at the foot of the Swabian Alb, are also known as "valley wines".

Geology in the wine-growing area

Weinsberg with the Schemelsberg and the Burgberg

The typical geology of the wine regions on the Neckar includes rocky slopes with wall terraces made of shell limestone fragments with fossils and stone bars also gathered from shell limestone lumps . The soils of the steep terraced areas in the central Neckar area around Lauffen and Besigheim consist of very shallow, weathered shell limestone. But shell limestone is also characteristic in the Kocher-Jagst-Tauber area, the soils are very stony. In large parts of the Württemberg lowlands with the major locations Stromberg / Heuchelberg and around Heilbronn, the Weinsberger Tal and the Upper Neckar cultivation area around Tübingen, the layers of the Middle Keuper and the resulting soils form the substrate of the vineyards. Flat areas near the river around Lauffen (Neckar) consist primarily of alluvial sand-loess soils.

Viticulture in the Hohenneuffen area (Remstal-Stuttgart area) is characterized by volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the Brown Jurassic . The geological basis in the Württemberger Bodensee area is predominantly the molasse sediments from the Tertiary .

Territorial division (areas, major locations)

There are six areas within Württemberg with 17 major locations and over 200 individual locations .

Wurttemberg Lake Constance area

Not a major location

Bavarian Lake Constance area

Large location Lindauer Seegarten

Kocher-Jagst-Tauber area

Large Tauberberg location

Möckmühl, Ammerlanden

Major location Kocherberg

Markings free of large areas

Remstal-Stuttgart area

Großlage Weinsteige - see article Viticulture in Stuttgart

Information sign Württemberger Weinstrasse
Esslinger Neckarhalde
Fellbach vineyards in autumn

Great location head

Great location in Wartbühl

Major location Sonnenbühl

Major location Hohenneuffen

Upper Neckar area

No major locations

Area Württembergisch Unterland

Major location Staufenberg

Scheuerberg near Neckarsulm
View of the Heilbronn Wartberg

Major location Lindelberg

Großlage Salzberg

Major location Schozachtal

Large location in Wunnenstein

  • Beilstein (place): Wartberg - Steinberg
  • Beilstein district Hohenbeilstein (place): Schloßwengert
  • Oberstenfeld (place): Forstberg - Lichtenberg - Harzberg
  • Oberstenfeld, district of Gronau (place): Forstberg
  • Ilsfeld (place): Lichtenberg
  • Großbottwar (place): Lichtenberg - Harzberg
  • Großbottwar district Winzerhausen (place): Lichtenberg -Harzberg
  • Großbottwar districts Hof and Lembach (place): Lichtenberg - Harzberg
  • Steinheim an der Murr (place): Lichtenberg
  • Steinheim-Kleinbottwar (place): Lichtenberg - Oberer Berg - Süßmund - Götzenberg
  • Ludwigsburg district Hoheneck (place): Oberer Berg

Large church vineyard

Major location Heuchelberg

Neipperg Castle on vine-covered castle hill
Brackenheim

Major location Stromberg

Vineyard location Gündelbacher Wachtkopf, growing area Württemberg, Germany
Vineyard location Hohenhaslacher Kirchberg, Wuerttemberg growing area, Germany

Large Schalkstein location

Hessigheim rock garden

Markings free of large areas

Typical grape varieties

Grape variety Area in ha Percentage ownership % Grape variety Area in ha Percentage ownership %
Trollinger 2,294 20.3 Riesling 2.113 18.7
Lemberger 1,714 15.1 Müller-Thurgau 313 2.8
Black Riesling 1,443 12.8 Kerner 290 2.6
Pinot Noir 895 8.0 Silvaner 221 1.9
Velvet red 416 3.7 Marginal lands 190 1.7
Dornfelder 308 2.7
Blue Portuguese 130 1.1
Others 634 5.6 Others 345 3.0
Red plants 7,834 69.3 White plants 3,472 30.7
(As of 2016)

Quality levels

In Württemberg all quality levels from simple Swabian country wine to dry Auslese or noble sweet Trockenbeerenauslese are produced. Since the wines are mostly consumed in the country itself, the wines are little known nationwide. Some top producers can, however, compete with the best goods internationally.

history

It is believed that wine was already being grown in Württemberg in the 2nd century AD. Viticulture is documented for the first time in a deed of donation from the Lorsch Monastery from 766.

With the spread of Christianity, viticulture increased, especially through the monasteries. With the establishment of new monasteries around 1100, the vineyards were significantly expanded. Wine presses were built in many places . Viticulture thus developed into an important special culture, and Württemberg became a wine exporting country. In the 16th century, Neckar wine was known in Central Europe and sold very well because the vineyards were planted with high-quality grape varieties such as Klevner . For the ecclesiastical and secular rulers, wine was an important source of income as a levy from lent vineyards and as a wine tithe. However, there were very often mutual obligations, as wine was not a staple food. The lords took part in the cultivation of the vineyards, for example by delivering dung or - for building the retaining walls - stones; They also contributed to the maintenance of the wine presses by providing wood and other consumables. In an autumn regulation from 1607, Duke Friedrich I of Württemberg had the regulations for viticulture summarized and thus issued uniform guidelines for viticulture.

Before the Thirty Years War , the area under cultivation was estimated at around 45,000 hectares. This war severely affected viticulture. As a result of the high population losses, the vineyards shrank. During the war- ridden period between 1618 and the end of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1715, the wine-growers planted high-yielding varieties such as the notorious “Putzscheren”, a Tokaj variety that could bring high yields, but often did not mature in Württemberg. As a result, the quality and shelf life of the wine suffered. All attempts by the ducal government to forbid the cultivation of these inferior grape varieties failed because the wine-growers earned higher income from mass production than from quality viticulture. In the vineyards, the different grape varieties were also planted together (mixed rate).

It was not until the early 19th century that King Wilhelm I of Württemberg made systematic efforts to improve viticulture. New cultivation methods were tried out in his own vineyards, and efforts were made to improve grape fermentation and winemaking. Riesling vines were imported from the Rhineland, and GC Kessler & Co. in Esslingen am Neckar processed high-quality grapes into sparkling wines. A wine improvement society founded in 1825 promoted quality viticulture and distributed high-quality vines in the communities. These efforts met with little response from most of the wine growers, as they were among the less wealthy residents and could not afford the conversion of the vineyards, which would result in years of loss of income. With the replacement of the basic loads, the vineyards also became the free property of the wine growers. But downy mildew threatened viticulture as a whole in the 1880s . A disaster could only be prevented by planting hybrid vines . Now the first winegrowers' cooperatives came into being .

Since the early 20th century, sprays were used to combat vine diseases and the first hydraulic grape presses were procured. A fundamental modernization only took place in the period after the Second World War. In the wine presses, the old press trees were replaced by modern presses. Since more and more people were working in industry and could no longer operate viticulture in the usual, traditional manner, the management was modernized by means of extensive vineyard adjustments . The Württemberg Central Vineyard Cooperative in Möglingen had a new large winery built, where the grapes from numerous wine-growing communities were pressed. Under the pressure of international competition, efforts were made to improve the quality and sales of Württemberg wine by reducing yields, growing new varieties and using modern marketing.

Württemberg wine queen

As in the other wine-growing regions, a wine queen is also elected in Württemberg, the Württemberg Wine Queen , who represents Württemberg wine-growing in the context of its public relations work for one year and at events relating to wine. She is automatically a candidate for the election of the German Wine Queen , who so far (as of September 2018) has come from Württemberg four times.

Others

The first Federal President, Theodor Heuss, did his doctorate in 1905 on viticulture and the vineyard class in Heilbronn .

Numerous winemakers operate a broom economy for the direct marketing of their products . The brush above the door shows whether the “broom” is open.

literature

  • Eberhard Fritz: The improvement of viticulture in Württemberg under King Wilhelm I (1816–1864). Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 1994, ISBN 3-87407-179-0 .
  • Isolde Döbele-Carlesso : Viticulture and wine trade in Württemberg in the early modern period using the example of the town and office of Brackenheim. City of Brackenheim, Brackenheim 1999, ISBN 3-9806667-7-8 .
  • Natalie Lumpp : Remstal – Stuttgart. Wine landscape with tradition and vision. DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner, Leinfelden-Echterdingen 2003, ISBN 3-87181-488-1 .
  • Christine Krämer: Grape varieties in Württemberg. Origin, introduction, distribution and the quality of the wines from the late Middle Ages to the 19th century (= Tübingen building blocks for regional history , Volume 7). Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 3-7995-5507-2 .
  • Sigrid Hirbodian and Tjark Wegner (eds.): Wine in Württemberg (= Tübingen lectures on regional history , Volume 3). Ostfildern 2017, ISBN 978-3-7995-2072-0 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German Wine Institute : German Wine. Statistics 2012/2013 . Mainz 2012 ( deutscheweine.de ( memento from October 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 1.9 MB ]).
Wine-growing areas in Germany (protected designations of origin )
Quality wine

Ahr  • Baden  • Franconia  • Hessian Mountain Road  • Middle Rhine  • Moselle  • Nahe  • Palatinate  • Rheingau  • Rheinhessen  • Saale-Unstrut  • Saxony  • Württemberg

grapes
Country wine

Ahrtaler country wine  • Badischer country wine  • Bavarian Bodensee country wine  • Brandenburg country wine  • Country wine Main (formerly Franconian country wine)  • Country wine of the Moselle  • Country wine Neckar  • Country wine of the Moselle  • Country wine Neckar  • Country wine Upper Rhine  • Country wine Rhine  • Country wine Rhine-Neckar  • Country wine of the Ruwer  • Saar country wine  • Mecklenburg country wine  • Central German country wine  • Nahegauer country wine  • Palatinate country wine  • Regensburg country wine  • Rheinburgen country wine  • Rheingau country wine  • Rhenish country wine  • Saarland country wine  • Saxon country wine  • Schleswig-Holstein country wine  • Swabian country wine  • Starkenburger country wine  • Taubertal country wine