Women

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Women
City of Güglingen
Coat of arms of women
Coordinates: 49 ° 4 ′ 14 ″  N , 9 ° 1 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 199 m
Area : 3.96 km²
Residents : 986  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 249 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1971
Postal code : 74363
Area code : 07135

Frauenzimmern is a village in the Heilbronn district in northern Baden-Württemberg , which has been part of Güglingen since 1971 .

geography

Frauenzimmern is on the left bank of the Zaber , about two kilometers east of Güglingen.

history

In Roman times there was a villa rustica in the Steinäcker corridor in the area of ​​Frauenzimmern , which was first excavated in 1830/40 and comprehensively documented in 1991/92. During the excavations, settlement finds from the time of the band ceramics and from the La Tène period came to light.

The earliest mention of women cannot be determined without a doubt. In Lorsch Codex more donations are Cimbren or rooms detained: On 19 December 794 the brothers Dragebodo and Liutfried gave their possessions in Cimbren to the Lorsch Abbey . In 805 Wolfmunt and his wife Waldrat gave the monastery among other Knechtshube in rooms . In 825, a Snelfolc gave the monastery, among other things, a riding court and 30 acres of land in rooms . The two donations from 794 and 805 refer to a place in Zabergäu connected to Meimsheim , the donation from 825 speaks of a place in Gartachgau . Due to the changing Gau name and the connection to Meimsheim, it is not possible to clearly distinguish whether the place mentioned is about women or the nearby Dürrenzimmern . Another deed of donation from around 823 names, among other things, three hubs in Zimbra in the Zabergäu that an Adalbold bequeathed to the Neuhausen monastery near Worms. Due to the close ties between Zimmer and Lorsch Abbey, as evidenced by other documents, as well as the Cyriaks worship practiced in Zimmer and in Neuhausen, it is concluded that all four of the aforementioned documents refer to women despite some uncertainties. Even the other documents up to the high Middle Ages cannot be ascribed to one of the two places, women or drought rooms, with absolute certainty.

According to architectural findings, there was already a stone church in women's rooms around the year 800, the predecessor of today's Martinskirche. In addition, there was a chapel by the church in the Middle Ages, which according to a document from 1182 should have been in the possession of the Lords of Magenheim for five generations (since around 1050) . This chapel, consecrated to St. Cyriacus, formed the nucleus for a canonical monastery that possibly existed as early as the 12th century and for the Cistercian monastery founded around the middle of the 13th century by the settlements of nuns from the Böckingen monastery Mariental , which existed on site until 1442, of which the Place got its current name Frauenzimmern around 1360 .

The place belonged to the Lords of Magenheim in the 13th century and came to Württemberg in the 14th century . The Backnang Monastery , the Bebenhausen Monastery and the Teutonic Order also owned the site at times . Frauenzimmern belonged to the Württemberg office of Güglingen , which was first described in a document in the marriage contract of Eberhard dem Milden with Antonia Visconti from 1380.

After the monastery in Frauenzimmern had acquired the provost of Kirbach from the convent in Odenheim in 1442 , the Cistercian women moved to the Kirbachtal . The monastic estate then also came to Württemberg. The estate was administered by a Meier . The Hofmeier Jörg Enzberger was of particular importance for the design of the place , who among other things had both the so-called Erkerhaus and the Enzberger Hof built and whose epitaph has been preserved in women's rooms to this day.

Women in the forest inventory book by Andreas Kieser (1684)

During the Thirty Years' War the place - like the whole of Zabergäu - suffered a lot. The church registers show hardly any or no births, marriages or deaths for the last years of the war and also for the years immediately after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, so that women may have been completely depopulated for a time because the population had fled to Güglingen in particular. The effects of the Palatinate War of Succession from 1689 also led to the place being further devastated. In 1697 there were still 16 heads of household (i.e. about 80 inhabitants).

In the 18th century the place experienced a certain boom. The rebuilding of the town is owed to the mayors Herdegen, who have been in office for two successive generations. In 1769 the church was completely renovated. The former monastery estates were sold to local and newly settled farmers around 1770. At that time there were again 334 inhabitants in the place. This number almost doubled by the middle of the 19th century: In 1843, 632 inhabitants were counted.

After the Oberamt Güglingen was dissolved, Frauenzimmern came to the Oberamt Brackenheim in 1808 as part of the implementation of the new administrative structure in the Kingdom of Württemberg . The poverty in the rural community led to strong emigration and emigration from the town during industrialization . Even the connection to the Zabergäubahn in 1896 could not stop this development: There was no industrial settlement, the population continued to migrate. In 1905 Frauenzimmern only had 477 inhabitants, until the 1920s the population sank to below 400.

When the Oberamt Brackenheim was dissolved, Frauenzimmern came to the Heilbronn district in 1938 . In 1933 there were 384 inhabitants, in 1939 there were 401. In the last days of the Second World War , Frauenzimmern was the target of low-level aircraft attacks on March 31, 1945, and in the first days of April the place was also shot at by French artillery as the front advanced. German troops in retreat blew up the Zaber Bridge on April 6, 1945 before the place was occupied by French troops. At the end of 1945 Frauenzimmern had 460 inhabitants. The increase in the number of inhabitants at the end of the Second World War can be explained by the admission of displaced persons and refugees. A total of almost 100 displaced persons and refugees were taken in by 1950. 1955 the place had 499 inhabitants.

From the 1960s onwards, there was a significant structural change on site. The new residential areas behind the church and in the alleyways were reported, the decline in agriculture was supported by the field road building again, at the same time an industrial estate was in Kappel Rain reported that in 1970 after the establishment of the administration union Economic Development Zabergäu a joint industrial zone on the denunciations of females and Cleebronn has been extended .

On July 1, 1971, the place was incorporated into Güglingen. Thereupon the land consolidation of around 315 hectares of agricultural land around women took place, which lasted around ten years .

coat of arms

The blazon of the former municipal coat of arms of Frauenzimmer reads: In blue a silver carpenter's ax .

Attractions

Martinskirche

The Martinskirche in Frauenzimmern goes back to the original church of the place. After a wooden church initially existed, a first stone building was probably built in the 9th century, followed by a second stone building in front of today's church. In its present form, the church was built as a third stone building in the second half of the 13th century. According to a building inscription, the church was renovated in 1309. Numerous alterations and renovations have followed up to the present day. Significant renovations took place in 1769, 1865, 1911 and 1971.

There are also three buildings of the ducal Württemberg court meister Jörg Enzberger from the late 16th century: a half-timbered barn from 1573, the oriel house from 1588, which only received its oriel in 1740, and the stork's nest (Enzberger Hof) from 1595. Enzberger's epitaph from 1606 is located at the Martinskirche.

For a long time the Gasthaus Zum Ochsen was the social center of the place. The hall of the inn, built in 1927, was used as a meeting and event location for the community for over five decades.

traffic

The Zabergäubahn, opened in 1896 from Lauffen am Neckar to Güglingen (extended to Leonbronn in 1901), connected Frauenzimmern to the railway network via the Frauenzimmern-Cleebronn station. The line was closed in 1986 for passenger traffic and 1995 for freight traffic. The Royal Württemberg State Railways built the station building as a standard type IIa station.

Personalities

  • Karl Heim (1874–1958), Protestant theologian, born in Frauenzimmern
  • Johanna Christiana Heyn (* July 8, 1748 in Frauenzimmern; † February 17, 1828 in Nürtingen), c. Hölderlin, who was married to his second marriage, was the daughter of pastor Johann Andreas Heyn, who worked in women's rooms from 1743 to 1753. She is the mother of the poet Friedrich Hölderlin .
  • Pauline Klaiber-Gottschau (born October 30, 1855 in Frauenzimmern, † September 12, 1944 in Stuttgart), translator from Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and English

Individual evidence

  1. Population figures on gueglingen.de
  2. Communications of the Württemberg Stat. State Office No. 4/5 of December 10, 1940: Results of the population and occupational census on May 17, 1939
  3. ^ Results of the population census and determination of residence on December 4, 1945 in northern Württemberg
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 450 .
  5. ^ Database building research / restoration. State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg
  6. ^ Rainer Stein: The Württemberg standard station on branch lines . In: Eisenbahn-Journal Württemberg-Report . tape 1 , no. V / 96 . Merker, Fürstenfeldbruck 1996, ISBN 3-922404-96-0 , p. 80-83 .

literature

  • 1200 years of women. Festschrift for the 1200th anniversary. City of Güglingen, Güglingen 1995

Web links

Commons : Frauenzimmern  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files