Lords of Magenheim

The Lords of Magenheim were a medieval noble family in the Zabergäu and Kraichgau with a dozen low-nobility vassals . The eponymous ancestral seat of the family was the lost place Magenheim near Cleebronn , which was mentioned for the first time in 793 and for the last time in the 9th century.

history

A Zeisolf from “ Brackenheim ” is also called “von Magenheim” in 1147. Sources call them nobiles (noble ones), in witness lists they are listed immediately after the counts. Members of the sex were found in the vicinity of the bishops of Speyer and Worms and the counts of Tübingen . A Konrad von Magenheim appeared in 1231 in the suite of King Henry VII . The families Schauenburg , Neuffen , Lupfen , Lichtenberg , Gemmingen , Tübingen, Bolanden and Hohenberg got married .

The ancestral seat of the Lords of Magenheim was the Michaelsberg near Cleebronn with the castles of Ober- and Niedermagenheim as a fief of the Lorsch Monastery . The Magenheim replaced the Counts of Calw as fiefdoms there in the 11th century . In addition there is allodial ownership, which around the year 1270 extended to over 20 localities in three closed territories on the Zabergäu ( Brackenheim , Ochsenbach ) and Kraichgau ( Lauterstein-Kirchhausen ). In addition to the construction of Niedermagenheim Castle with a representative hall (approx. 14 × 30 m), the construction of the Johanniskirche near Brackenheim, the establishment of the monastery in women's rooms and the elevation of Brackenheim to the city can be traced back to the Magenheimers in the middle of the 13th century . The Reichsstraße Cannstatt- Speyer, which previously ran through Meimsheim , is rerouted around 1280 on the occasion of Brackenheim's elevation. The so-called Maulbronn Paradise Master (approx. 1180–1240) used the family's coat of arms, two silver crescent moon on a red background , as a master builder mark on monastery churches and Neipperg Castle . It seems to come from the family.

After the fall of the Staufer , the Interregnum expanded, benefiting from marriages and profitable viticulture (new: Schauenburg , Neuffen-Blankenhorn , Heinsheim ). After losing the Battle of Brackenheim in 1277 against Württemberg-Grüningen , Erkinger and Konrad went on the defensive and established a long-term alliance with the Habsburg- Hohenberg families, which was documented in a marriage and sales. In 1288 Konrad von Obermagenheim sells the Lorsch fiefdom with Bönnigheim to King Rudolf von Habsburg and retires to the rule of Ochsenberg in the upper Zabergäu. His son Zeisolf then sold this to Baden in 1321 . The rule of Niedermagenheim with Brackenheim is divided after Ulrich von Magenheim's death in 1303 and half falls to the Counts of Hohenberg, who sell them to Württemberg . The other half was only sold by the Magenheim to Württemberg in 1367, because 5 sons had to be looked after through a further division of the estate. At the end of the 14th century, the last of the family (Erkinger "der Rich" and Zeisolf) donate a large part of their property to the city of Heilbronn . Several altars and the Heilbronner Seelhaus , which later belonged to the Katharinenspital , go back to the Magenheim Foundation .

literature

Günter Cordes: The historical development of Brackenheim . In the home book of the city of Brackenheim and its districts , Brackenheim 1980
Wolf Eiermann: Close to the king. The Lords of Magenheim in the 12th and 13th centuries . Part 1: The Niedermagenheim Castle , Zabergäuvereins magazine (ZdZV) 2002/4, Part 2: The territorial property, ZdZV 2004/4, Part 3: The ancestors , ZdZV 2006/2