Frauenweiler

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Frauenweiler is a part of the town of Wiesloch in the Rhein-Neckar district in northern Baden-Württemberg . Today's place in the southwest of the city was only created in 1937, but got its name from a place of the same name that already existed in the Middle Ages at this point.

history

The medieval Frauenweiler

A few hundred meters east of today's Frauenweiler settlement, on the western slope of the Gänsberg , according to excavation finds , the village of Frauenweiler existed from the 12th century at the latest, which probably had its own district from at least the early 13th century . The reason for the establishment of the town lies in the darkness of history. However, the place does not seem to have been closely related to the nearby Wiesloch, as earlier research claims. The place was first mentioned as frawenwilre in the addition of a deed of donation from 1287. The next mention as Wilre took place in 1293 in connection with Wiesloch interest on goods from the Schönau monastery .

The lordly rights over the place originally lay neither with the Diocese of Speyer nor with the Electoral Palatinate , but rather in the hands of the knighthood represented there with land. From the early 15th century, the Landschad von Steinach , the Lords von Sickingen and the Gabel von Obrigheim owned it . The Landschad were the only ones who could keep their property longer, while the rest of the property passed into other hands, in the late 15th century mainly to the Electoral Palatinate and the city of Wiesloch.

The place name refers to the Liebfrauen patronage of the town's chapel, which was occupied in 1414 and which should have existed when the town was first mentioned in 1287. The chapel was given a benefice by Konrad X. Landschad von Steinach in 1414 and designated as a parish church in 1464 . The right of patronage lay with the Landschad von Steinach gentlemen. The church seems to have had a certain supraregional importance at times, as it also appears in the penal provisions of the Bruchsal Spengler Ordinance of 1465 and since from 1464 to 1478 a brotherhood in honor of the Holy Spirit and the Queen of Heaven is documented, which like the Wimpfener St. Annen Brotherhood may also have had members from other places.

For the first time for the year 1441 the market rights for Frauenweiler is proven. The market was held on March 25th, the day of St. Virgin Mary, held. The market, the numerous traditional benefices as well as the brotherhood could give clues to a pilgrimage, the occasion of which is not only the veneration of saints, but also the sulfur spring of the place (today's spa fountain ).

Before 1441, the bailiwick was held by Heinrich I von Sickingen and his widow Agnes Kreis von Lindenfels, then at the Heilig-Geist-Stift in Heidelberg, then at Count Palatine Otto II von Pfalz-Mosbach and finally after his death at the Electoral Palatinate. In 1506, Elector Philipp sold a Frauenweiler Hof from Sickingen to the city of Wiesloch, but kept the lucrative market bailiff. A Frauenweiler farm owned by the Teutonic Order also came to the city of Wiesloch around 1509. In 1516 Wiesloch also seems to have acquired the church's patronage rights.

Frauenweiler's dissolution was ordered on March 21, 1526, Count Palatinate Ludwig V and justified this with frequent complaints by the city of Wiesloch against the courtiers in women’s rooms, the stay of suspicious people there and the elimination of the right to graze on converted manorial areas. The Palatine farm farmers in Frauenweiler had to close down their farms and move to Wiesloch, two other farm farmers who were probably not subjects of the Palatinate were free to choose the location. Frauenweiler's market rights were transferred to Wiesloch.

The church in Frauenweiler was preserved for the time being, while the rectory was moved to Wiesloch. While the village no longer existed, various rights were retained. The Landschad von Steinach left the tithe to the church in Neckarsteinach for a few decades , the benefice of the Johannes altar of the Frauenweiler church went to the Wiesloch Magister Ottmar Stab in 1532 .

In 1560 the Landschad von Steinach sold the remaining rights and the "Kirchplatz" to the mayors in Wiesloch and Rauenberg. The naming of the church square can mean that the church no longer existed. The tithe rights can be traced back to the 19th century and were last in the possession of the Catholic hospital in Heidelberg, which was compensated with a sum of 5,316 guilders according to the tithe redemption law.

Very few relics have survived from the medieval Frauenweiler. The Aussiedlerhof Messmer was built around 1970 on the site of the former church and cemetery. Most of the historical relics were destroyed during construction, only a fragment of the wall from the old church remained. On the old Frauenweiler mark there is also an old stone cross from the 16th or 17th century.

Ceramic shards from the 12th to 16th centuries often appear on the former markings. Large amounts of slag from lead ore smelting from the 12th century have also been found. One concludes that there was a lead smelter in Frauenweiler for processing lead ore mined between Wiesloch and Nussloch.

The modern Frauenweiler

Frauenweiler in its current form was laid out according to plan in 1937. The development work was mainly carried out by the Reich Labor Service .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ HStA Munich, Rheinpfälzer Urkunden, No. 1614, quoted from Walther 2001, p. 70/71.
  2. ↑ Walther 2001, p. 71; Hildebrandt 1997, p. 64.
  3. ↑ Hans-Dietrich Henschel: Konrad Landschad von Steinach donates a benefice for the Marien Altar in the Marien Chapel in Frauenweiler in 1414 , in: Kraichgau Episode 17, 2002, pp. 107–115.
  4. ^ The city and districts of Mannheim and Heidelberg, Vol. II: The city of Heidelberg and the municipality of the district of Heidelberg, Karlsruhe 1968, p. 1037.
  5. ↑ Hildebrandt 1997, p. 65.
  6. ^ B. Losch: Atonement and Remembrance, Stone Crosses in Baden-Württemberg. Research and reports on folklore in Baden-Württemberg 4 , 1981, p. 188.
  7. ↑ Hildebrandt 1997, pp. 66/67.
  8. ↑ Volker Kronemayer: The industrialization of Wiesloch from the beginning to the middle of the 20th century , in: Wiesloch - Contributions to History Volume 1 , Ubstadt-Weiher 2000, pp. 214-216.

literature

  • Helmut Walther: Frauenweiler in the Middle Ages , in Wiesloch - Contributions to History Vol. 2 , Ubstadt-Weiher 2001, pp. 69–82.
  • Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: Wüstungen in the south-western Rhein-Neckar-Kreis in the mirror of documented news and archaeological finds , in: Archeology and desert research in Kraichgau , Heimatverein Kraichgau , special publication 18, Ubstadt-Weiher 1997, on Frauenweiler pp. 64–67.

Coordinates: 49 ° 17 '  N , 8 ° 40'  E