Stockheim (Brackenheim)
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Stockheim
City of Brackenheim
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| Height : | 217 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 3.42 km² |
| Residents : | 1023 (2009) |
| Population density : | 299 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1974 |
| Postal code : | 74336 |
| Area code : | 07135 |
Stockheim is a village in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which was incorporated into Brackenheim in 1974 . The place has around 1,000 inhabitants and is about ten kilometers southwest of Heilbronn in the Wurmbach valley near the Heuchelberg .
history
Stockheim was first mentioned around 950 in a document from Bishop Hanno von Worms , who gave the place to a Count Burchard. The place name indicates a settlement ( heim ) that already existed at that time on a clearing ( stick stands for tree stump), the foundation of which probably dates back to the 5th century. The lords of Stockheim and von Stocksberg appear as regional nobility . It is believed that these families go back to the same lineage that first settled in the village ( von Stockheim ) and later built a castle on the nearby Stocksberg, where a branch of the family developed ( von Stocksberg ). A Gottfried von Stockheim took part in a knight tournament in Augsburg in 1080, and in 1119 another von Stockheim was knighted there. The von Stocksbergs appear from the 13th century. A chapel (as a branch of the church in Güglingen ) is also mentioned for the first time in the 13th century.
From the beginning of the 14th century Stockheim came into the possession of the Teutonic Order and belonged to the Deutschordensballei Franken . The background to this transfer of ownership is largely unknown. Allegedly, the children of the knight Waramund von Neipperg sold their Stockheim property to the German lords of Ulm on November 11, 1295, and Count Eberhard the Illustrious ceded his rights to Stocksberg Castle to the Teutonic Order on December 6, 1307 . In the early 14th century, the settlement is referred to as urban suburbium and was surrounded by a city wall with gates. In 1334 Stockheim was raised to the rank of Kommende , but as early as 1375 it was united with the up-and- coming Kommende Horneck , who from 1404 also acquired Kirchhausen and parts of the Heuchlingen district . Until 1446, numerous other property purchases were made by the Teutonic Order.
The Stockheim area became a religious enclave in the midst of the expanding domain of the Württemberg people , which repeatedly led to disputes and comparisons. In 1438 a settlement decided that Stockheim with its markings, people and goods should be free from taxes, appraisals, services and everything else against Württemberg . Admittedly, in return, the state of Württemberg was closed to the Stockheimers. B. excluded from the wood auction in the surrounding forests, which caused some livelihoods in the place. The order castles of Stocksberg and Scheuerberg joined the Swabian Federation in 1490 , the entire Teutonic Order followed in 1524. In the meantime, the church of St. Ulrich in Stockheim had also been built in place of the chapel until 1516 , which in 1536 was elevated to an independent parish church by the diocese of Worms .
During the German Peasants' War in 1525, Stocksberg Castle was the target of rebellious farmers under their leader Hans Wunderer from Pfaffenhofen on the night of Easter Monday, April 17, 1525 . With the exception of the Büttel and one other citizen, all Stockheimers joined the peasant heap who looted the castle and set it on fire. After this act, the insurgents were called the "Stocksberg Heap". The heap moved on via Schorndorf and Urach and, after the defeat at Böblingen on May 12, 1525, reunited with the Heilbronn heap on May 19, 1525, but the peasants returned to their home villages when the uprising began to fail. On August 12, 1525, German master Dietrich von Cleen stayed at the criminal court in Stockheim. His successor Walther von Cronberg had Horneck and Heuchlingen rebuilt by 1530, but Stocksberg Castle was not completed until 1574 under Heinrich von Bobenhausen .
During the Thirty Years' War , the plague raged in the Wurmbach valley from 1625 to 1627. In 1629, Wallenstein's troops temporarily moved to the area around Nordheim. In December 1631, Swedish troops under Marshal Gustav Karlsson Horn advanced from Mergentheim to Heilbronn . Swedish horsemen looted Stocksberg Castle on Christmas Eve. The Swedish king Gustav Adolf , who wintered in Mainz , gave his marshal Horn the conquered Teutonic order property in Stockheim, so that the place was Swedish for three years until the defeat of the Swedes in the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634. Subsequently, the Teutonic Order regained power, but had to watch how in June 1693, during the Palatine War of Succession, the place and castle were again plundered by the French. In October of the same year, uninvited troops from the Bavarian General Serini pitched their camp on the Stocksberg.
During the Second Coalition War in 1799, the French general Michel Ney occupied the Stocksberg Castle with his 7,000-strong troops and fought on the Heuchelberg with the Austrian cavalry that had holed up in Güglingen .
In November 1805 Württemberg occupied the former imperial knighthood seats and their offices, including Neipperg and Stockheim. The place became an independent municipality in the Oberamt Brackenheim within the Kingdom of Württemberg . Stocksberg Castle was initially a state domain under a bailiff , later privatized. The years 1811 to 1817 mostly only yielded bad harvests due to heavy rainfall and hailstorms. In 1814 and in the famine years of 1816 and 1817 there were also landslides in the vineyards. The three former city gates were demolished by 1821.
Franz Geiger, who was in office from 1848 to 1893, is named as the honorable mayor of the 19th century. On his initiative, the community acquired the castle property in 1873 and divided 200 acres of arable land, meadows and trees into a total of 164 parcels, which were given to community citizens in order to provide them with a livelihood and to stop the wave of emigration that prevailed in the second half of the 19th century . In 1910 Stockheim was electrified, in 1929/30 the construction of the water pipeline network followed, in 1939 the through-road was paved.
During the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , Stockheim came to the Heilbronn district in 1938. In 1933 516 inhabitants were counted, in 1939 there were 504. After the Second World War , which Stockheim survived unscathed, 545 people lived in the village at the end of 1945. In 1945 the place became part of the American zone of occupation and thus belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden , which was incorporated into the current state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.
From 1949 the vineyard paths were expanded and the field and vineyard consolidation was tackled, in 1950 the Froschbach was verdolted and in 1959 the Wurmbach bed improved. Between 1954 and 1965, several building areas were redesignated. In 1961 the former Hinterberghohle was filled with 20,000 m³ overburden from Bissingen. At the end of August 1968 the community had to deal with a flood.
On January 1, 1974 Stockheim was incorporated into Brackenheim .
Viticulture
The Teutonic Order already supported the cultivation of grapevines very much. The wine from Stockheim was one of the best wines in Germany. During King Karl's stay at Horneck Castle , Stockheimer wine was served. Up to the present day viticulture in Stockheim is an important economic factor. In 1908 the Stockheim Vineyard Association was founded. From 1910, August Müller, who later became an honorary citizen, ran the Stockheim inn "Sonne" and from there made a good name for Stockheim wine across the region through an active nationwide distribution. In 1970 the Stockheimer Weingärtnergenossenschaft merged with the Dürrenzimmerns . There are still private winegrowers in Stockheim who market their wine from farms to Germany and other European countries.
coat of arms
The coat of arms of Stockheim shows in a split shield in front in silver the continuous black cross of the Teutonic Order, behind in black a silver vintner's hip (Weinberghape).
Attractions
- Stocksberg Castle probably dates back to a high medieval building, was burned down by farmers in 1525, rebuilt as a two-winged complex in the Renaissance style by 1574, with numerous parallels to the Teutonic Order Castle in Kirchhausen . The castle was a state domain from 1806 and was privately owned in 1832. In 1843 Alfred von Neipperg acquired the castle, his brother and heir Erwin von Neipperg sold it in 1873 as a community property. The community sold the plant to the sparkling wine manufacturer Eduard Gießler in 1890. During the Second World War, Stocksberg Castle was occupied by the Reich Labor Service , later the city of Heilbronn set up an old people's home as an alternative accommodation for the Heilbronn Katharinenstift there. From 1954 the property was divided. A farmer bought the farm buildings, the castle building was sold to a manufacturer in 1969. The stone archway in the vineyards marks the former end of the municipality's own ravine on the ascent to the castle.
- The St. Ulrichs Church was an independent parish church of the diocese of Worms from 1536 and was sold to the Teutonic Order in 1541. In 1592 the tower north of the choir was added. The church was probably designed as a fortified church, as parts of an imposing circular wall around the churchyard have been preserved.
- The former town hall was built in 1604 as an official building for the mayor used by the Teutonic Order , it was expanded in 1676/78 and 1798. The tenth house was also built in 1604 by the Teutonic Order, with a Mannerist stair tower on the gable side facing the village. The nearby John house from 1605 also shows typical signs of the Teutonic Order-Amtshaus architecture. All three buildings are listed.
- The bakery is a listed, octagonal building in the center of the village, the year of which probably dates only one change of use in 1840. The origins of the building and its original purpose are unknown. It could once have served sacred purposes or as a well house.
- Several historic half-timbered buildings in Stockheim date from the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
Also noteworthy is the historic wine press from 1743, still very original in its kind, today it serves as an event location in the lively town. The area of the former taproom has been modernized and is often used. The village festival and the wine press Christmas take place in this building every year. It is the largest wine press in Brackenheim.
- Several historical wayside shrines and busts have been preserved in and around Stockheim. The Nepomuk statue from 1750 was on a hill behind the castle until 1877 and was then moved to the village on a private initiative. The calvary at the Zehnthaus dates from 1605, another wayside shrine on the road to Haberschlacht from 1650.
Tithe house with stair tower
House John, half-timbered building from 1605
Octagonal bakery
Crucifix from 1470
education
In Stockheim there is the Helmut Kromik primary school, a Catholic kindergarten and a forest kindergarten .
Honorary citizen
- Johann Georg Neuweiler (born February 25, 1840 in Hausen , † January 5, 1933 in Stockheim), councilor and businessman. Honorary citizen by resolution of the local council of February 25, 1924 in recognition of his great services to the development of the Stockheim community.
- August Müller (born January 28, 1880 in Mittelstadt , † December 3, 1952 in Brackenheim), innkeeper. Honorary citizen by a municipal council resolution of April 1, 1935 in recognition of his great services to the Stockheim viticulture.
- Theodor Geiger (born July 12, 1876 in Stockheim, † March 14, 1945 there), mayor. Honorary citizen by resolution of the municipal council of July 7, 1935 in recognition of his 25-year term of office.
- Norbert Danner (born October 13, 1909 in Stockheim, †?), Mayor. Honorary citizen by municipal council resolution of November 14, 1973 in recognition of his 28-year term of office. On October 11, 1974, Danner also received the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon.
Personalities
- Karl Johann Baptist Junghanns (1797–1886), lawyer and politician from Baden, born at Stocksberg Castle
- Damian Junghanns (1800–1875), member of the Baden state parliament and participant in the Baden revolution of 1848/49, born at Stocksberg Castle
- Colin Wilkie (* 1934), British-born singer-songwriter, lived in the village from the 1960s to the 1990s
- Manfred Richter (* 1935), theologian, born in Stockheim
literature
- Home book of the city of Brackenheim and its districts . Brackenheim 1980.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Communications of the Württemberg Stat. State Office No. 4/5 of December 10, 1940: Results of the population and occupational census on May 17, 1939
- ^ Results of the population census and determination of residence on December 4, 1945 in northern Württemberg
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 465 .
