Hausen on the Zaber
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Hausen on the Zaber
City of Brackenheim
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| Height : | 200 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 8.27 km² |
| Residents : | 1981 (2009) |
| Population density : | 240 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st October 1974 |
Hausen an der Zaber is a village in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which has belonged to Brackenheim since 1974 .
geography
Hausen is in the lower Zabergäu on a predominantly with fertile loess covered Gipskeuper plateau south of the Heuchelberg . The municipality mark is 827 hectares.
history
Early history
Contrary to some of the surrounding places where Neolithic finds came to light, there are no prehistoric finds in the local area of Hausen. The oldest traces of settlement in the Gewann Steinäcker tell of a Roman villa rustica , which was not far from a Roman military road. Two Jupiter columns excavated in Hausen in 1964 also date from Roman times , one of which was placed back in Hausen as a cast in 1970. The modern settlement of the place probably took place in Alemannic times , which is evidenced by the location of the place in a valley and the former part of the place in the Allmendwald of the Stromberg .
First mention and place name
The exact dating of the first mention of Hausen is made more difficult by the appearance of old places of the same name in the vicinity (e.g. Massenbachhausen ). Hausen an der Zaber was possibly mentioned as Husen in 805 or as Thitricheshusen in 825 as a donation to the Lorsch Monastery or in 1122 as a property in Husen in a donation from the Trier Bishop Bruno von Lauffen to the Odenheim Monastery . A donation from the Bishop of Speyer to the Denkendorf Monastery in 1207 is considered to be undoubtedly regarding Hausen an der Zaber , whereby a Heinricus de Husen appears as a witness and gives evidence of a local nobility, which was mentioned several times until the 15th century, but in the village itself was not demonstrably occurring.
To distinguish it from places of the same name, Hausen was given the addition of the name in Zabergäu as early as the 15th century . The current name Hausen an der Zaber appears for the first time in the Württemberg State Handbook of 1824 , although Hausen is only located on the Neipperger Bächle , which flows into the Zaber one kilometer southeast of the town .
The place name goes back to the same root word as the term house and simply means that the place is a collection of houses or dwellings. The district name Burgstall could indicate a castle that was once on the site, but it can also only express the affiliation to a neighboring castle.
Hausen in the Middle Ages
The village had three gates and was surrounded by a moat with a fence. Within the fence there was essentially a small-scale settlement structure that existed from the high Middle Ages until the 19th century and that still characterizes the town center today. There are only guesses about the seat of the medieval local rule, which cannot be documented in the town. The property of foreign nobles and institutions is documented on site, including the lords of Wurmlingen, von Klingenberg and von Neipperg , the margraves of Baden , the Teutonic Order , the monastery in Lauffen am Neckar , the Klarakloster in Heilbronn and the monastery Denkendorf.
In addition to the castle stables , where one could imagine a wooden tower castle, the two large courtyards that were owned by the Morolt family in the 16th century and had their own wine presses, the one in kurz Straße 20 and the property to the north of it, may be considered as mansions have risen and have defensive stone buildings. Other large farm estates with over 50 acres, some of which were already severely fragmented at the time they were first mentioned, were the Stocksberger Hof , the Frauenhof , the St. Martins-Pfründhof , the Lehenhof of the Heilbronner Klarakloster and the Imlinsche Gut .
The tithe was split up into several tenth districts with different beneficiaries. a. the rule of Württemberg, the German Order, the parish in Hausen, the hospital in Brackenheim , the chaplaincy St. Barbara in Schwaigern and the chaplaincy in Talheim as a Worms fiefdom .
A church existed in the village probably already around the year 1000. Around 1290 there was a larger Georgskirche, and after a fire in 1350 the third generation of churches was built, which is to be followed by two more to the present day. The church was initially a branch church of the Martinskirche in Meimsheim and was elevated to a parish church in 1475 . There is evidence of a school in town since 1486.
From 1380 at the latest, the House of Württemberg , which was demonstrably wealthy in Hausen since 1336, had local rule. Due to its affiliation to Württemberg , Hausen was reformed in 1535 .
The place remained a small farming village until the recent past, which was characterized by viticulture and agriculture . At the beginning of the 16th century there were three wine presses .
Wars of the 16th to early 18th centuries
All that is known from the Peasants' War is that eleven Hausen farmers took part in the uprisings in 1525, probably in the Zabergäuer Fähnlein of Hans Wunderer . The place was fought over in 1534 in the vicinity of the Battle of Lauffen , when Landgrave Philipp von Hessen and his riders pursued the defeated and fleeing Austrian troops over Hausen. In 1549 the place had to pay taxes to the Spanish troops camped on Hohenasperg and in Lauffen.
Hausen was hit hard by the Thirty Years War . As early as 1630, billeted troops devastated the place. After the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634, Hausen suffered from numerous looting and billeting and was one of the worst hit places in Zabergäu. After the Peace of Westphalia there were only 31 of the 118 citizens left, 90 percent of the vineyards and almost 80 percent of the fields were devastated, 123 houses were burned. Hausen, which was only slowly recovering from the previous destruction, was also affected by the War of the Palatinate Succession around 1690, once again fields and vineyards were devastated and the inhabitants were driven away. A proposal presented to the Parliament report of 1693 states: "The houses and buil fall daily, and are instead in peacetime 60 citizens before seen barely 15-20 available, but beggars are louder." . During the War of the Spanish Succession , billeting took place almost annually from 1701 to 1714, and in 1707 another French invasion occurred.
One reason for the numerous troops moving through and billeting was Hausen's location on the highway to Heilbronn and the nearby Neckar crossing at Lauffen . The billeting, passage and looting affected not only Hausen, but also the surrounding areas.
During the Thirty Years War, the school system and the wine press had declined. The school, which was closed from 1634 to 1650, was not in good condition again until around 1700, and a new wine press was built around this time for two wine presses that had been destroyed in the previous wars. The two presses came into the possession of the municipality in 1827 and 1832.
In 1700, Hausen and the neighboring community of Nordheim ceded fallow farmland to establish the Waldensian colony in Nordhausen .
From the beginning of the 18th century the population grew steadily for more than a century. In 1700 256 inhabitants were counted, in 1745 there were 590 and in 1828 1000 inhabitants were reached for the first time. Apart from the quartering of Russian troops 1735/37 of place in the course of the 18th century was spared while the soldiers, but the inhabitants were often in the middle of the century to dig trenches in Ettlingen and Lauffen or building forts in Vaihingen used . From the middle of the century, advertisers used dubious methods to lure numerous male residents of Hausen to military service, from which they often did not return or had to buy themselves out at great cost.
Official affiliation
Hausen had been part of the Brackenheim Office in the old Württemberg for centuries . When the new administrative structure was implemented in the Kingdom of Württemberg , which had existed since 1806 , the place remained assigned to the now Oberamt Brackenheim .
Rural exodus and emigration
Due to rural exodus and emigration, the population continuously declined in the 19th century, with a total of 900 to 1000 people in the 19th century, around 500 people left the poor place. The reasons for this strong emigration are mostly to be found in the spatially limited, medieval settlement area of the place and the strong parceling of the arable land, which would not have enabled an heir to make a living if the estate had been further divided . The first major wave of emigration took place after the rise in prices in 1816/17; the destinations of the emigrants were Poland, Denmark, North America, England and Prussian Poland. From the middle of the 19th century, North America was the preferred destination for emigrants from Hausen. Only in the early 20th century did the population stabilize. In 1919 there were 793 inhabitants, in 1933 there were 815 inhabitants, in 1939 there were 822.
The stabilization of the population is roughly accompanied by an improvement in agricultural yields. After setting up an agricultural winter school, the Hausen farmers were able to bring in harvest quantities that exceeded their own needs for the first time in the 1870s. The sheep on fallow land was 1,893 abandoned in favor of the cultivation of clover and turnips. The traditionally strong spelled cultivation came to a standstill around 1900 in favor of beet and potato cultivation. New potatoes from Hausen were particularly popular . The establishment of a local association in 1893 and a loan association in 1896 improved the farmers' economic conditions. In addition, there was the merger of milk producers to form a milk processing cooperative at the time of National Socialism. Between 1904 and 1939, land consolidation of most of Hausen's arable land took place in several phases.
Time of world wars
During the First World War , Hausen had 48 dead and five missing, that was 6.6 percent of the population and thus far more than the national average. In the Second World War there were 48 dead and 30 missing.
During the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , Hausen came to the Heilbronn district in 1938 . The place survived the Second World War without any military damage to buildings or corridors. However, the post-war period brought an influx of refugees and later also displaced persons. At the end of 1945, 927 people lived in Hausen, compared to 1,063 in 1950.
Hausen after the Second World War
Since the place had become part of the American zone of occupation , it belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden since 1945 , which in 1952 became part of the current state of Baden-Württemberg.
The winegrowers' cooperative founded in 1940 built its own wine press in 1950 and expanded it several times. In 1952, new building areas were developed on Schießrainstraße and Mühlhäldenweg, and in 1953 a new school building was inaugurated. In 1955 the place was connected to the municipal water supply association Brackenheim – Dürrenzimmern – Hausen – Nordhausen. In 1956, the expansion of the local road and the sewer system began, the work dragged on in several stages until the 1970s. Also from 1956, further building areas were designated. 1959/60 began with a vineyard reassignment, which was followed by further land consolidations until 1974. In 1960 a new church was built. From 1961 the industrial area on Brackenheimer Straße was built. The land consolidation made it possible to provide space for sports fields and a multi-purpose hall. In the course of the land consolidation, several Aussiedlerhöfe were also created, so that the agricultural character of the place was lost in the interplay with the decline of the small farms and the expansion of the infrastructure. By 1970 the population grew to around 1300 people.
The successful cooperative winery, the settlement of businesses and the increase in the residential population brought about a significant economic upswing in Hausen, especially in the 1960s. In 1961 the community was still in the poorest quarter of the communities in the Heilbronn district , but by 1970 a certain level of prosperity had been achieved.
In the run-up to the community reform in 1973, a survey of February 6, 1972 resulted in an almost 83 percent vote in favor of the community's continued independence. When asked about the incorporation into Brackenheim or Lauffen am Neckar, around 60 percent of the population opted for Brackenheim in July 1973. At a citizens' hearing in January 1974, however, around 78 percent spoke out against incorporation into Brackenheim. The local council decided on June 11, 1974 to integrate it into Brackenheim, which took place on October 1, 1974.
coat of arms
The blazon reads: In silver on a blue shield base a red half-timbered house, above a six-pointed red star. The oldest coat of arms on a seal of a document from 1489 can no longer be recognized. The oldest recognizable seal of a Hausen document from 1577 already shows a half-timbered house in the coat of arms. The house has always symbolized the town hall of the community, its appearance in the seal images has been adapted over time to the respective Hausen town hall. The star was added in the 19th or early 20th century. The type of the half-timbered house in today's coat of arms corresponds to the oldest depiction from 1577.
Buildings and landmarks
- The Protestant Georgskirche in Hausen has a Romanesque choir tower. The nave of the church, which has been renewed several times, dates from 1960 in its current form. The church belongs to the Brackenheim parish . On the tower there is an old statue of the patron saint (around 1290), in front of it a war memorial.
- The giant column of Jupiter is a 7.50 meter high cast of a Roman column found there in 1970, made in 1970 and erected around 200.
- There is also an old town hall and an old bakery with a wash well.
George's Church
town hall
Bakehouse
Jupiter giant column
Personalities
Honorary citizen of the former parish
- Wilhelm Adolf Beck (born November 24, 1879 in Murr an der Murr; † May 28, 1941 in Hausen an der Zaber), Mayor, conferred honorary citizenship on November 9, 1929 on the occasion of his 25th anniversary in office
- Tobias Heege (born February 21, 1864 in Hausen an der Zaber; † October 8, 1937 there), farmer, councilor and member of the state parliament, conferred honorary citizenship on February 17, 1934 in gratitude for his work in the service of the community
- Karl Maier (born March 20, 1881 in Hausen an der Zaber; † March 2, 1964 in Brackenheim), community caretaker, conferred honorary citizenship on May 20, 1959 on the occasion of his 40th anniversary with the company
Sons and daughters of the place
- Tobias Heege (born February 21, 1864 in Hausen an der Zaber; † October 8, 1937 there), member of the Württemberg state parliament
- Uwe Rapolder (born May 29, 1958 in Hausen an der Zaber), football coach
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mayer 1940, p. 17.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, pp. 382/383, Fig. 177.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, p. 18.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 357. Mayer 1940 still takes mentions of the 9th century from the Lorsch Codex as the first mention, the description of the country from 1971 lists on p. 763 the document from 1122 as the year of the first reliable mention.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, p. 13.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, pp. 21/22.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, p. 20.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, p. 21. Mayer assumed the Morolt property was only on Kurzen Strasse. Karl Heß ( The Morolt-Hof in Hausen an der Zaber , in: Schwaben und Franken 9, 1963, No. 1) was able to prove the Morolt-Hof there based on a heraldic find. Aßfahl 1980, p. 362, considers the identification of the Morolt-Hof with the Herrenhof to be questionable.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, pp. 361/362.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, pp. 358/359.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 370.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 359.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 373.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 360.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 372.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, p. 33.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 366.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, p. 39.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, pp. 39/40.
- ↑ Mayer 1940, p. 119.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, pp. 377/378.
- ↑ Communications of the Württemberg Stat. State Office No. 4/5 of December 10, 1940: Results of the population and occupational census on May 17, 1939
- ↑ Mayer 1940, pp. 66-68.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 366/367.
- ^ Results of the population census and determination of residence on December 4, 1945 in northern Württemberg
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 377.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, pp. 378-384.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, p. 384.
- ↑ Aßfahl 1980, pp. 386/387.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 465 .
- ↑ Mayer 1940, pp. 47/48.
literature
- Karl Mayer: Heimatbuch Hausen an der Zaber . Brackenheim and Stuttgart 1940.
- Gerhard Aßfahl : Hausen on the Zaber . In: Heimatbuch der Stadt Brackenheim and its districts , Brackenheim 1980, pp. 357–387.
