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City of Brackenheim
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| Height : | 191 m |
| Area : | 4.33 km² |
| Residents : | 1347 (2009) |
| Population density : | 311 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1971 |
| Postal code : | 74336 |
| Area code : | 07135 |
Botenheim is a village in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which has belonged to Brackenheim since January 1, 1971 .
geography
Botenheim is located in the Zabergäu , about 1.5 kilometers south of Brackenheim . Due to the recent expansion of the settlement, the places have grown together to a few hundred meters.
history
The earliest traces of settlement on the Botenheim markings date from the Neolithic Age . A Neolithic settlement is suspected based on numerous fragments found by the band ceramists in the Dörner district to the southwest of the village. From the late Bronze Age , further fragments of the urn field culture were recovered in various places in the district. Archaeological finds also point to a once-existing Roman settlement.
Botenheim was first mentioned in the Lorsch Codex in a document dated to 793 as Batenheim . The place is called locus and seems to have been at the beginning of its settlement at that time, because the locus at Botenheim was a single settlement or new clearing, which at that time still belonged to the nearby Meimsheim . The early ecclesiastical organization also indicates that it was founded in Meimsheim, as Botenheim was a subsidiary of Meimsheim until the 13th century. Originally, Botenheim had a common branding with Alt-Cleebronn , the Württemberg part of Cleebronn . When the Lorsch possessions were transferred to the Archbishopric Mainz 1232/34, Botenheim was not explicitly mentioned, so that the Lorsch possessions might have passed into other hands before that. The local rule in the high Middle Ages was probably with the Lords of Magenheim . In the 12th and 13th centuries the monasteries Hirsau , Bebenhausen and Odenheim as well as the Counts of Lauffen and the Teutonic Order were also wealthy. The Bebenhäuser Hof, a hereditary farm of the monastery, was acquired by the Brackenheimer Spital in 1487; the rest of the Bebenhauser property went to Reinhard von Neipperg in 1448 .
The oldest parts of the Botenheim church date back to 1280. The church was first mentioned in 1351; Botenheim was already an independent parish at that time. The right of patronage lay as a worms-like fiefdom with the Lords of Magenheim, but, like secular rule, passed to the House of Württemberg in the 14th century , which subordinated Botenheim to the Brackenheim office. The patronage right of the church, however, came to the nuns of the monastery, which was once located in women's rooms . Alt-Cleebronn separated from Botenheim in 1480. In the course of the Reformation in Württemberg , Botenheim was also reformed in 1534 and has been predominantly evangelical since then.
The 17th century was a time of hardship for Botenheim as it was for the entire surrounding Zabergäu . The plague in particular initially claimed numerous deaths. In 1621 353 people were counted in Botenheim. In the Thirty Years' War a time of misery came for Botenheim, especially after the Battle of Nördlingen , when imperial troops poured into Württemberg and occupied and plundered the country. The residents of Botenheim fled to the administrative town of Brackenheim, where at least 108 Botenheimers died between 1635 and 1638. Botenheim was completely uninhabited in December 1635 and half burned down. In the subsequent years of the war, too, frequent troop movements with looting and atrocities occurred. In 1647 there were still twelve men and five widows in Botenheim, while a further 36 residents were waiting to return to Brackenheim. The parish of the devastated place was temporarily abolished, and from 1647 to 1659 Botenheim was only a subsidiary of Brackenheim. Also, there was no longer any school in town until around 1650. By 1655, 30 houses and barns had been restored, and a large number of fields and meadows were again cultivated; only the labor-intensive vineyards were largely deserted.
Since the plague epidemics had largely been overcome and peace reigned for about two generations after the Thirty Years War, the population rose again to 238 people by 1680. The War of the Palatinate Succession had a negative impact on Botenheim and the entire Zabergäu from 1688. The place again suffered from troop movements and billeting. To make matters worse, the fruit stocks of the official places there that were brought to Brackenheim fell victim to a major city fire in 1691, so that there was a famine that could not be alleviated by drought, frost and hail in 1693 and 1694. The pastor's post was also temporarily unoccupied, so that Botenheim was again a branch of Brackenheim from 1690 to 1698.
In the 18th century the situation gradually improved when there was no more acts of war in Zabergäu. Nevertheless, Botenheim and the surrounding towns continued to be affected by troops and all sorts of contribution demands. By 1720 the population had roughly reached the level it had before the Thirty Years' War.
When the new administrative structure was implemented in the Kingdom of Württemberg , the old Württemberg town remained assigned to the Brackenheim District Office.
In the town, which is characterized by agriculture and viticulture , there was a decline in population in the second half of the 19th century due to rural exodus and emigration. The population stabilized in the 20th century. In 1933 and 1939 there were 761 inhabitants each, at the end of 1945 there were 796. Botenheim was spared aerial bombs during World War II , but four inhabitants were killed when Allied troops marched in in 1945.
In 1867 the community acquired the local wine press, which had been privately owned since the 18th century, demolished it in 1902 and built a new one in its place. During the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , Botenheim came to the Heilbronn district in 1938. In 1945 the place became part of the American zone of occupation and thus belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden , which was incorporated into the current state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. In 1953 a winegrowers' cooperative was founded , which acquired the wine press and modernized it in 1959. In 1963, the municipalities of Brackenheim, Cleebronn, Botenheim, Meimsheim, Hausen an der Zaber and Dürrenzimmern merged to form the "Abwasserreinigung Untere Zaber" association.
After a public vote on October 25, 1970, Botenheim was incorporated into Brackenheim on January 1, 1971. The village had around 970 inhabitants at that time.
badges and flags
The blazon of the Botenheim coat of arms reads: In silver two crossed black double hooks (wolf fishing) with curved ends. The flag of the former municipality is black and white.
A marking description from 1715 mentions a Botenheimer Wolfsangel coat of arms on landmarks for the first time . Wolfsangel can also be found on seals since 1715. The wolf fishing symbol usually indicates forest and hunting; It cannot be determined with certainty whether this also applies to Botenheim. In the stamps of the mayor's office from the first third of the 20th century, the wolf tang is shown in the form of a double hook placed on a pole, which is crossed with an S-shaped hook. The shape of the wolf fishing was determined in 1938 at the suggestion of the Württemberg archives; the colors of the coat of arms had been fixed since 1919. The black and white flag colors were awarded to the community of Botenheim on September 14, 1960 by the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of the Interior.
Attractions
- The Marienkirche in Botenheim was first mentioned in 1351. The substructure of the choir tower dates from around 1280, the Gothic nave was extended to its present dimensions in 1754.
- The town hall was built in 1837 and rebuilt after a fire in 1942/43. A 7,180 liter oak wine barrel is set up near the town hall.
- The Gasthaus Zum Ochsen is a former Gülthaus of the Teutonic Order and was built in 1605/07.
- The town's schoolhouse was built in 1931.
- The local wine press was built in 1902 by the municipality on the site of a previous building.
- Since April 2018 there has been an artwork by Gerda Bier on the subject of "Reconciliation" on the Botenheimer Kelterplatz. It takes up the historical aerial battle over Botenheim, which ended on May 25, 1944 with the crash of the American Mustang fighter pilot not far from the Kelterplatz. The German fighter pilot had to make an emergency landing near Güglingen after ramming the American machine at a height of about 300 meters. The young American pilot was able to save himself by parachute. The 19-year-old German pilot Hubert Heckmann visited the pilot Joe Bennett trapped in the basement of the Botenheim town hall (now the Heimatmuseum) on the same day. Both congratulated each other on having survived. They later became good friends.
Former Gülthaus of the German Order
Ev. church
Oak wine barrel at the town hall
Wine press from 1902
Individual evidence
- ↑ Communications of the Württemberg Stat. State Office No. 4/5 of December 10, 1940: Results of the population and occupational census on May 17, 1939
- ^ Results of the population census and determination of residence on December 4, 1945 in northern Württemberg
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 450 .
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↑ Source for the section coat of arms and flag:
Eberhard Gönner: Wappenbuch des Stadt- und Landkreis Heilbronn with a territorial history of this area . Archive Directorate Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1965 (Publications of the State Archive Administration Baden-Württemberg, 9). P. 61
literature
- Isolde Döbele-Carlesso : Botenheim - A village in the Zabergäu . City of Brackenheim. Brackenheim 1993
- Gerhard Aßfahl : Botenheim . In: Home book of the city of Brackenheim and its districts. City of Brackenheim, Brackenheim 1980
