Kirchhausen

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Kirchhausen coat of arms
Heilbronn coat of arms
Kirchhausen
district of Heilbronn
Heilbronn Biberach Böckingen Frankenbach Horkheim Kirchhausen Klingenberg Neckargartach SontheimLocation of Kirchhausen in Heilbronn
About this picture
Coordinates 49 ° 11 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 7 ′ 0 ″  E Coordinates: 49 ° 11 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 7 ′ 0 ″  E
surface 11.471 km²
Residents 3935 (Dec 2017)
Population density 343 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Jul 1, 1972
Post Code 74078
prefix 07066

Administration address		 Schlossplatz 2
74078 Heilbronn
Geosted town plan of Kirchhausen 1791

Kirchhausen is a district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg and is located in the north-west of the city, around twelve kilometers as the crow flies from the city center.

history

Kirchhausen was mentioned for the first time in documents from the Weißenburg monastery, which mention monastery properties that were devastated in the 10th century. Kirchhausen is mentioned together with the place Ascheim . In both places , a total of 20 houses and the church were devastated , probably during the Hungarian invasions in 926. The devastated church is probably the forerunner of today's St. Alban's Church .

The place, which was originally founded in the course of the Merovingian settlement, came to Württemberg via the Vaihingen branch line of the Counts of Calw in the 14th century . In the middle of the 14th century, Count Eberhard II gave half of the castle and part of the village as a fief to Bernger and Gerhart von Kirchhausen. A little later these goods came to the Lords of Talheim and the Wimpfen patrician family Otter. In the early 14th century , the Adelberg Monastery acquired further extensive property on site as well as the church patronage from the Lords of Magenheim . In addition, the Wimpfen monastery owned two Erblehenshöfe in the village. The Adelheim property came in 1391 to the Lords of Helmstatt , who were related by marriage to the Talheimers. The Otter property came to Hans von Stein in 1421.

From 1404, the Teutonic Order gradually acquired ownership in Kirchhausen. Until 1435 the order also owned both halves of the castle. The Deutschordensballei Franken established an office in Kirchhausen and exercised local authority and patronage rights. The place remained Catholic during the Reformation . In the 16th century, the town was expanded to the east ( Deutschritterstrasse area ) and the new building of the Teutonic Order Castle in Kirchhausen from 1570 to 1576 gave it the structure that still characterizes the town center today.

The Thirty Years' War brought as everywhere in the surrounding great distress, the number of 82 Hofstätten in the late 16th century, fell to 1681 on 46 houses. Only in the middle of the 18th century did the town regain the size it had before the Thirty Years' War. The Deutschordensamt Kirchhausen, which from 1681 also included the neighboring town of Biberach , was the second most important grain supplier for the Deutschordensballei in Gundelsheim.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe drove through Kirchhausen on August 27, 1797 and noted: “Kirchhausen lies between the graceful garden and trees; behind it is a beautiful view of the Neckar mountains; you come through a kind of forest and through a poplar avenue to Frankenbach. "

In the media coverage of the Teutonic Order in 1805 Kirchhausen was part of Württemberg . In 1807 Kirchhausen became the seat of an upper office , which was dissolved in 1808 and added to the Heilbronn upper office . Because of a subordinate doctor's office established in 1814 and the notary's office opened in 1826, the place retained a certain importance as a medium-sized center.

In 1833 the municipality acquired the castle and used it as an official building in the future. The most significant structural change in the place at that time was the new construction of the Albanskirche, which was carried out from 1841 to 1844. The place remained almost entirely agricultural until well into the 20th century. Primarily bread and fodder crops as well as potatoes were grown. In 1901 there were 1287 inhabitants.

Kirchhausen experienced significant growth, especially after the Second World War, with the influx of refugees and displaced persons, who made up around 20% of the population in 1950. In order to be able to meet the demand for living space, various new building areas were built, while the old buildings in the center of the town were mostly preserved unrenovated.

On July 1, 1972, it was incorporated into Heilbronn. At that time Kirchhausen had almost 3000 inhabitants and a municipal area of ​​1148 hectares, 97% of which were designated as agricultural areas. At the time of incorporation, the town's two large industrial areas, Mühlberg and Härkersäcker, were just emerging. In 1979, Kirchhausen, together with the neighboring town of Biberach, which had also recently been incorporated, was added to the route network of the municipal Heilbronn transport company.

After the share of agriculture steadily declined, numerous old buildings in the town center were demolished towards the end of the 20th century, including above all former agricultural buildings.

Population development

  • 1901: 1287
  • 1939: 1528
  • 1945: 1608
  • 1961: 2091
  • 1970: 2636
  • 1972: 2949
  • 1990: 2900
  • 1997: 3546
  • 2005: 3900
  • 2009: 3729
  • 2013: 3735

religion

Due to the former membership of the Teutonic Order and also due to the influx of predominantly Catholic refugees from the eastern regions after the Second World War, around 60% of the population are still Catholic today.

The Catholic parish built the Adolph Kolping Community Center in 1980 and renovated the Albanskirche . The Protestant parish was 300 in 1974, but has since grown from 1000. From 1985 to 1986 she built the Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church on Poststrasse, which was inaugurated on September 21, 1986.

A Syrian Orthodox community has also settled here, which has been striving for its own church with a community center since 1992. For this purpose, the former Catholic club house on Deutschritterstrasse was first acquired by the Syrian Orthodox community. Due to problems with the usage permit, the municipality acquired the WLZ-Raiffeisen warehouse in the village. They were guests in the two sister churches - the St. Albans Church and the Evangelical Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church. The congregation has had its own church since 2000, which is dedicated to Jacob of Nisibis .

Jews have been recorded in Kirchhausen since 1598, but at times only individual families lived in Kirchhausen, mostly as protective Jews of the Teutonic Order, so that no independent congregation was formed. The last Jew in Kirchhausen died in 1733, after which no further settlements of Jews are known.

  • Evangelical Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church (built 1985)

  • Syrian Orthodox Church of St. Jacob of Nisibis (built in 2000)

  • View on St. Alban's Church

politics

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Kirchhausen shows a blue ploughshare on silver under a black Teutonic cross, flanked by two plow knives. The oldest representations of the coat of arms (still without the Teutonic Cross) are documented in the parish church on a stone from 1731 and on the bell from 1749. Ploughshare and plow knives indicate agriculture. The Teutonic Cross is only shown on official seals from 1903 and on the coat of arms only when it was determined by the archives in 1919. It indicates membership of the Teutonic Order until 1805. Both versions of the coat of arms are depicted on a stone near the Teutonic Order Castle.

  • Kirchhausen coat of arms

  • Older coat of arms

  • Today's coat of arms

Culture and sights

Teutonic Order Castle

Monuments

  • The Teutonic Order Castle (built 1572 to 1576) is a former moated castle of the Teutonic Order.
  • The historic tithe barn and the castle fountain , which was designed by Karl-Henning Seemann in 1994/95, are located near the castle .
  • The Amtmannshof of the Teutonic Order bailiff Hans Hofman from 1628 with an ornate inscription stone in the nearby Deutschritterstrasse commemorates the Teutonic Order.
St. Alban's Church

  • Castle fountain

  • Trinity Chapel

  • Old Mill

Regular events

  • Since 1976 (from 1977 every two years) the local cartel has organized the so-called “Castle Festival” together with the associations.
  • Public outdoor pool (supported by the city of Heilbronn and a support association)

traffic

The B 39 runs through the village and connects Kirchhausen with Fürfeld and Frankenbach . When the A 6 (section Heilbronn – Mannheim), which runs through the northern part of the Kirchhausen district, was completed at the end of the 1960s, this initially eased the traffic through the town. However, the increasing diversion and detour traffic later led to increasingly heavy traffic in the village. As the latest traffic calming measure, a speed limit of 30 km / h has been in effect in the entire town since late 2007.

Utzname of the population

The Utzname of the Kirchhausener is Gerschtahewwel . The origin of the Utz name is said to go back to a legend. Accordingly, during a famine in 1816 and 1817, the growth of the ears had to be accelerated. To do this, individual stalks of barley were levered upwards with long poles from the edge of the field. The Utz name formed the motto for the 18th castle festival in Kirchhausen: "We are real Gerschtahewwel and 100%".

Personalities

  • Antonellus Elsässer OFM (born September 25, 1930 in Kirchhausen; † July 18, 2014 in Dietfurt an der Altmühl), Roman Catholic theologian

literature

  • Eugen Knupfer (edit.): Document book of the city of Heilbronn . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1904 ( Württemberg historical sources . N. F. 5)
  • Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen . In: Christhard Schrenk, Hubert Weckbach and Susanne Schlösser: Kirchhausen - as it once was: The old townscape in photographs 1877–1945 , Heilbronn 1995, pp. 9–28.
  • Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 196 f .
  • Julius Fekete, Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg . Volume I.5: Heilbronn district. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 . , Pp. 204-217.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heilbronn Info Population Numbers . Retrieved September 14, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 197 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Monument Topography 2007, p. 204.
  4. ↑ Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 25 .
  5. ↑ Monument topography 2007, p. 205.
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 445 .
  7. ^ City of Heilbronn, Administrative Report 1979–1982, p. 26.
  8. ↑ pastor Sefer Demirdag: Syrian Orthodox Church of St. James. In: Ortskartell Kirchhausen (publisher): 25 years of the Heilbronn-Kirchhausen district: 12th large castle festival; Kirchhausen July 4 to 6, 1997 , Heilbronn 1997, pp. 75-76.
  9. ↑ Günter Krause: Gerschtahewwel 100 percent. 18th big castle festival; Kirchhausen 3rd to 5th July 2009 (publisher Ortskartell Heilbronn-Kirchhausen), Heilbronn 2009, p. 5.

Web links

Commons : Kirchhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Kirchhausen in the description of the Oberamt Heilbronn from 1865  - sources and full texts