History of Kirchhausen

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The history of Kirchhausen goes back to the 10th century. In 1972 the company was incorporated into Heilbronn.

history

Document mentioning (926)

The place Ascheim is said to have been located immediately near Kirchhausen , which was first mentioned in 818 and is said to have risen in Kirchhausen. In the Weißenburg sources "Kirchhusen et Ascheim" are mentioned in the closest context.

843 the place Widegavenhusa is mentioned in Codex Laureshamensis , which could possibly be identical with Kirchhausen. After the Hungarian invasions in 926, the devastated place is mentioned in the sources of the Weissenburg monastery in Alsace as "Kirchhusen" next to the forerunner of today's St. Alban's Church .

Kirchhausen as a fiefdom (926–1486)

After the Hungarian invasions in 926, the Counts of Calw received the place as a fief and rebuilt the forerunner of today's Church of St. Alban and Kirchhausen. The Counts of Calw handed the place over to the Counts of Vaihingen as a fief . In the 14th century, Kirchhausen came to the Counts of Württemberg as a fief . Count Eberhard der Greiner von Württemberg gave the lords of Talheim the place Kirchhausen as a fief. From 1360 Berengar and Gerhard von Kirchhausen (formerly von Talheim) each received half of the place as a fief. After 1400 there were two important knight families in Kirchhausen, the Knights of Helmstatt and the Knights of Talheim. Thus there were also two castles in Kirchhausen. The upper castle, which belonged to the Knights of Helmstatt, was on the corner of Schloßstraße and Wimpfener Weg. The lower castle, which belonged to the Knights of Talheim, was located in the place of today's Kirchhausen Teutonic Order Castle.

Juliana, wife of the knight Ralf von Kirchhausen

A branch of the Lords of Talheim called themselves Ritter Herren von Kirchhausen . The most famous personalities of the Lords of Kirchhausen was Juliana, wife of the knight Ralf von Kirchhausen. She was the daughter of the knight Kuno von Stromberg. Her father gave her a few acres of fields on the Großgartacher Markung, near the Erbelhölzles forest, something below the Annenkreuz, Großgartach as a dowry . She donated this area, the income from the lease was used to maintain the St. Annakapelle, which she donated. Today the St. Annakreuz and St. Annalinde remind of the chapel .

Kirchhausen becomes Teutonic Order village (1433 / 1486–1805)

Coat of arms of Georg Hund von Wenkheim (1566–1572) with the fox holding a goose between its teeth

In 1433 the owner of the upper castle in Kirchhausen, Volmar Lemlin, sold the castle to the Teutonic Order . Kirchhausen had been a de facto Teutonic Order village since 1433. The owner of the lower castle in Kirchhausen was Hans Stein zu Arneck. In 1435 he sold his property in Kirchhausen to the German master Eberhard von Seinsheim on Horneck near Gundelsheim . The Württemberg feudal rule first went to the brothers Eberhard and Wilhelm von Neipperg . In 1486 they waived their rights in Kirchhausen in favor of their brother, the German master Reinhard von Neipperg. Thus Kirchhausen was de jure Teutonic order village from 1486. Kirchhausen became the "second most important grain supplier" for the Teutonic Order on the lower Neckar with the center of Gundelsheim. Kirchhausen remained Teutonic Order village until 1805.

Kirchhäuser letter of grace / Gundelser Foundation (1527) and its confirmation (1573)

On April 23, 1527, Walther von Cronberg also issued the Kirchhäuser Gnadenbrief , a solemn document in which the privileges of the residents were listed. The residents received “wages”, so to speak, “for everlasting times” for carnival meals and drinks, for wedding and baptism wine. The church houses now received the following benefits:

  • In the case of an armed exodus from the Teutonic Order, Kirchhausen should be preferred.
  • The church houses received four guilders annually on Christmas and New Year: "They should consume these four guilders with their wives on the three days of Shrovetide, and make themselves happy and delighted in remembrance of the cause for which this happened to them."
  • "Which and which come from Kirchhausen to Horneck", the administrative center, should be entertained for free and with good will. The Horneck officials should “receive good and beneficial advice and advice before everyone else”.
  • The order gives half of the building material for the construction of a town hall in Kirchhausen.
  • At a wedding in Kirchhausen, the bride and groom each receive 6 liters of wine
  • At a baptism in Kirchhausen, the mother receives the child's baptism wine. If the baptized child was a boy 6 measures of wine and in a girl 4 measures of wine.

Even after Walther von Cronberg built a new Teutonic Order residence in Mergentheim instead of the destroyed Teutonic Order Castle in Horneck, Horneck Castle remained the administrative center for the offices on the lower Neckar and thus for Kirchhausen. His successor Wolfgang Schutzbar called Milchling had the arable land taken up again in Kirchhausen in 1555 . In the land register from 1555, 66 houses were mentioned for the place. There were four sub-farms, remnants of the Franconian royal estate management with manors. Farther be Urbar 18 Gülthöfe counted. Furthermore, Wolfgang Schutzbar called Milchling had the tithe barn built in 1555. In 1568, after the last priest of the Teutonic Order, Emerich Biegel, died, a separate bailiff was appointed to administer the office of Kirchhausen. Under the Grand Masters Georg Hund von Wenkheim and Heinrich von Bobenhausen the new construction of the Teutonic Order Castle in Kirchhausen took place . On June 28, 1573, Heinrich von Bobenhausen renewed the privileges of the “letter of grace” from 1527 in the “confirmation letter”. The interest book from 1581 counts 85 to 90 farms and hearths with almost 600 inhabitants. This is considered to be evidence of the “prosperity of this time”.

Johann Caspar Venator describes in his Teutonic Order History of 1680 the documents from 1527 and 1573. After the order was dissolved by the secularization, the Gundels Foundation administered at the Heilbronn camera office . On February 13, 1854, the community of Kirchhausen took over the foundation's liabilities for a transfer fee of 3,099 marks. Until after the First World War, each church house received 80 pfennigs in carnival money. At weddings in Kirchhausen, 4.80 marks were given as wedding money instead of wine. Child bonus was 4.80 marks. With the inflation of 1923, the foundation's capital was devalued, but in the 1930s every guilty child received a sausage and a bread roll on the occasion of the primary school examination.

Letter of grace

Thirty Years' War

During the Thirty Years' War the number of farms was reduced from 82 to 46 houses. The church houses chronicle described the year 1636 as the "year of overflowing misery, monstrous suffering, with gruesome death and fear that inhibited odemism ... The corpses lay in the fields and in the vineyards, and nobody wanted to bury them out of fear of infection, because it was one horrible task of helping the earth to die from plague. ”It was not until the middle of the 18th century that Kirchhausen was as large as it was before the Thirty Years' War.

Incorporation of Biberach (1681)

In 1681 Biberach was incorporated into the Kirchhausen Order of the Teutonic Order. Biberach has belonged to the imperial city of Wimpfen since 1407, which Biberach sold in March 1650 to the former French major general Thomas von Klug. After Klug's death, his family sold to the Teutonic Order. The Biberacher Deutschhaushof had belonged to the Teutonic Order Coming since 1532.

Self-employment (from 1805)

In the media coverage of the Teutonic Order in 1805 Kirchhausen was part of Württemberg . On November 28, 1805, the former Teutonic Order village was occupied by Württemberg troops. In 1806 the church houses had to honor the Heilbronner Landvogt, von Bouwinghausen, by force of arms. As an independent municipality, the municipality acquired the sheep farm from the state in 1832, the former Teutonic Order Castle in 1833 and used the building as a town hall.

Württemberg Oberamtsstadt (1807–1808)

On June 18, 1807, Kirchhausen became the seat of an upper office to which Biberach, Großgartach, Sontheim, Talheim, Massenbach, Schwaigern, Massenbachhausen, Fürfeld, Bonfeld, Neipperg and Klingenberg belonged. However, it was dissolved on April 26, 1808 and slammed into the Heilbronn Oberamt .

Middle center (from 1814)

In 1814, however, Württemberg set up a subordinate doctor's office in Kirchhausen, which gave her a “certain central position”. An official notary's office was set up in 1826, and as a district notary's office, it is still responsible for the surrounding areas today. This once again confirmed the “central function for the surrounding towns”. In 1831 the place got a real pharmacy justice certified; The medical practice and pharmacy were also responsible for the surrounding areas until after 1945. The municipality of Kirchhausen acquired the Kirchhauser Castle in 1833 in order to use it as an official building. From 1841 to 1844 the St. Alban's Church was rebuilt in the style of historicism.

  • Heilbronn-Kirchhausen, St Alban's Church, in the 1880s, before renovation, high altar.jpg
  • Heilbronn-Kirchhausen, St Alban's Church, in the 1880s, before renovation.jpg

Economy and Infrastructure (from 1871)

In Kirchhausen around the turn of the century, in addition to bread and fodder crops, tobacco, hops, chicory and sugar beet were grown, as well as potatoes on almost 95 hectares. In particular, grain, potatoes and hay were exported. At the turn of the century there were three restaurants and five bars as well as a brewery and a grinding mill in Kirchhausen.

Many church houses worked in the industrial city of Heilbronn; without a railway line, however, there was no direct connection “to the shop”. The planned railway line should lead from Heilbronn via Neckargartach, Frankenbach and Großgartach. The towns of Großgartach and Kirchhausen were to have a train station together. Neckargartach, Frankenbach and the owner of the Hipfelhof rejected the railway line. So the church houses had to go to the train station in Großgartach . When the hailstorm devastated the country in 1897, the railroad cars with potatoes, food, hay and fodder for Kirchhausen in Großgartach were unloaded. After the First World War, Kirchhausen got its own post bus line.

From the turn of the century, a new building area was built on today's Annalindestraße. In 1903 - on the initiative of Pastor Brause - four sisters of the Franciscan Sisters from Reute moved into the newly built nurses' station on what is now Schloßstraße, which had to be closed in 1973 due to a shortage of sisters. The Franciscan Sisters of Reute worked around the clock in nursing, the sewing school for women and girls and in the kindergarten. In 1927 the Carl Rathgeber company moved from Stuttgart to Kirchhausen, which produced corsetry, foot bandages and orthopedic foot medicines.

time of the nationalsocialism

The National Socialists received less than 10% of the vote in Kirchhausen, the competing party was the Center Party, which had an important personality in Pastor Anton Bühler. He was a declared opponent of the National Socialists and therefore had to leave Kirchhausen in 1938. His successor, Pastor Geiger, was arrested by the Gestapo on October 31, 1941 and deported to the Dachau concentration camp. After the Frankenbacher Hitler Youth were beaten up by members of the Catholic Young Men’s Association from Kirchhausen on January 2, 1935, 500 men in brown uniform marched to Kirchhausen's Schloßplatz on January 20, a court was held on February 22 and both church houses were sentenced to prison terms. The party thus triumphed over the “influential nest of enemies of the state” in “Catholic Kirchhausen”. (Quotation from the Heilbronner Tagblatt from February 23, 1935).

The end of the war in Kirchhausen

There were 318 men and six women from Kirchhausen in the military. 60 perished, 30 were missing. In the air raid on Heilbronn, three women in the church died. The artillery bombardment took place on Easter Monday, April 2, 1945 at 2 p.m., 32 shells hit the town. The pumping station for the water supply, the south-west tower of the castle and the clubhouse were destroyed. The choir and roof of the Albanskirche as well as houses in the western part of the village were damaged. Up to 200 American soldiers took their quarters in Kirchhausen for eleven days. A cannon battery in the Wiesental around the Trinity Chapel shot towards Löwenstein. Pastor Dr. Hermann Tüchle worked as an interpreter for the troop commanders. The soldiers brought former foreign and forced laborers with them to Kirchhausen, for whom they demanded food deliveries, in particular meat.

post war period

In 1946/47 342 refugees and displaced persons reached Kirchhausen, for example from Bohemia and Moravia, from Hungary and the Danube basin, which in 1950 made up around 20% of the population. To meet the demand for living space, 200 residential buildings were built between 1950 and 1965, while 17 older houses were demolished in the town center. New residential areas were created in the Falltor, Steinäcker, Attichäcker, Kleinfeldle and Wittum areas. In 1954 a new school building was built in the Gewann Falltor.

Incorporation to Heilbronn (1972)

outdoor pool
Deutschordenshalle

In November 1971 the mayor of Kirchhausen, Hubert Straub, announced that confidential talks had been held with the city of Heilbronn regarding incorporation. Alternatively, Straub proposed an administrative partnership or a merger with Leingarten. A citizens 'meeting was held on February 19, 1972 and a citizens' hearing on February 27, 1972. 1235 of 1746 eligible voters cast their vote. 706 (57% of the population) voted for voluntary integration into the city of Heilbronn. The integration agreement stated: “This integration is intended to create good conditions for the personal development of the residents in the Heilbronn-Kirchhausen district by adapting to urban conditions, including in particular a diverse range of services and the provision of the necessary facilities The Kirchhausen municipal council approved this contract in their meeting on April 7, 1972 with a 9-2 vote. This was followed by the approval of the Heilbronn municipal council on April 20, 1972. Mayor Hoffmann and Mayor Hubert Straub signed the integration contract on April 21, 1972. However, the Heilbronn district administration and the district council did not want Kirchhausen to be incorporated into Heilbronn. The place did not have a common border with Heilbronn and there were fears that other places distant from Heilbronn wanted to be incorporated. The places in between would then have to be included in the Heilbronn urban district as part of state planning. Finally, with one abstention, the district council objected in June to the incorporation of Kirchhausen into Heilbronn. The integration agreements enacted between the two municipalities, which provided for the construction of a multi-purpose hall with a small swimming pool in Kirchhausen, were approved by the regional council of North Württemberg with a decree dated June 28, 1972. On July 1, 1972, Kirchhausen was incorporated into Heilbronn. The city of Heilbronn honored its investment commitments, which were contractually regulated in the integration agreements. The “Deutschordenshalle” was completed in Kirchhausen on September 13, 1974, and a heated outdoor swimming pool was completed on May 16, 1979 in accordance with the integration agreement. Kirchhausen also received a merger bonus of 3.5 million DM and a new local constitution, according to which the new district was entitled to direct participation through the local council and the local council until 1989. During the time of incorporation into Heilbronn, two industrial areas emerged, such as the “Mühlberg” industrial area in the northeast and “Härkersäcker” in the northwest of Kirchhausen. Residential areas that arose with the incorporation are the "Steigsiedlung" and the "Breitenäcker".

Kirchhausen has been served by the Heilbronn municipal transport company since 1979.

literature

  • Eugen Knupfer (edit.): Document book of the city of Heilbronn . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1904 ( Württemberg historical sources . N. F. 5)
  • Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen . In: Christhard Schrenk, Hubert Weckbach and Susanne Schlösser: Kirchhausen - as it once was: The old townscape in photographs 1877–1945 , Heilbronn 1995, pp. 9–28.
  • Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 196 f .
  • Julius Fekete, Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg . Volume I.5: Heilbronn district. Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 204-217 .
  • Helmut Schmolz u. Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn - history and life of a city. Weißenhorn, Anton H. Konrad-Verlag, 2nd edition 1973.
  • Robert Koch: Early medieval settlement finds from Kirchhausen and Jagstfeld. 1969.
  • District Office Heilbronn-Kirchhausen (ed.): Local news of the district Heilbronn-Kirchhausen. Kubsch, Schwaigern 1972.
  • Mayor's Office Kirchhausen (Ed.): Local news of the Kirchhausen community. Kubsch, Schwaigern 1967.
  • Local cartel Kirchhausen (ed.): Large castle festival: Heilbronn-Kirchhausen…. Heilbronn-Kirchhausen 2003.
  • Local cartel Kirchhausen (ed.): Gerschtahewwel 100 percent: 18th big castle festival; Kirchhausen 3rd to 5th July 2009. Heilbronn 2009.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Helmut Schmolz u. a .: Heilbronn. History and life of a city. No. 576 “Kirchhausen, partial view with Catholic St. Alban's Church, 1973” p. 164 f.
  2. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 11 [ First documented mention ].
  3. ↑ Monument topography 2007, p. 204.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 197 .
  5. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 12 [ tenure ].
  6. ^ Eduard Paulus: The art and antiquity monuments in the Kingdom of Württemberg . Paul Neff Verlag (Max Schreiber), Esslingen 1906, p. 271 .
  7. ↑ Rudolf Mayer: Saint Anne Cross - The Anna Linde. In: Ortskartell Kirchhausen (publisher): 25 years of the Heilbronn-Kirchhausen district: 12th large castle festival; Kirchhausen July 4 to 6, 1997. Heilbronn 1997, pp. 21-23.
  8. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 12 [ Kirchhausen becomes Teutonic Order Village ].
  9. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 15 [ The "Letter of Grace" ].
  10. ^ A b Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 17 [ The "Gundels Foundation" ].
  11. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 18 [ Kirchhausen in the third heyday of the Teutonic Order ].
  12. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 20 [ Of People's Lives ].
  13. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 21 [ The Thirty Years War (1618–1648) ].
  14. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 22 [ The 19th Century ].
  15. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. Pp. 23–24 [ Industrialization - Traffic Problems ].
  16. ↑ Monument topography 2007, p. 205.
  17. ^ Rudolf Mayer: From the history of Kirchhausen. P. 26 [ The time of National Socialism ].
  18. ↑ a b c Werner Föll: Chronicle of the city of Heilbronn. Volume X: 1970–1974 , Heilbronn 1999, [Introduction from XIX].
  19. ↑ Helmut Schmolz u. a .: Heilbronn. History and life of a city. No. 577 “Address by Mayor Dr. Hans Hoffmann on the occasion of the incorporation of the Kirchhausen community into the city of Heilbronn, July 1, 1972. ”p. 166 f.
  20. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 445 .
  21. ^ City of Heilbronn, urban development planning group (ed.): Heilbronn after the regional reform. Hauptamt in-house printing, Heilbronn 1975 (edited by Bruno Qual, Heiner Sack, Dr. Klaus Vonderbank, Heinrich Kastner, Martin Sick, Brigtitte Ehrenfried), p. 49.
  22. ↑ Ulrike Plate: Settlement Development and Cultural Monuments of the City District. In: Julius Fekete et al .: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg. Volume I.5: Heilbronn district. Edition Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , p. 205.
  23. ↑ Ulrike Plate: Settlement Development and Cultural Monuments of the City District. In: Julius Fekete et al .: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg. Volume I.5: Heilbronn district. Edition Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , p. 59.
  24. ^ City of Heilbronn, Administrative Report 1979–1982, p. 26.