Biberach (Heilbronn)

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Coat of arms of Biberach
Heilbronn coat of arms
Biberach
district of Heilbronn
Heilbronn Biberach Böckingen Frankenbach Horkheim Kirchhausen Klingenberg Neckargartach SontheimLocation of Biberach in Heilbronn
About this picture
Coordinates 49 ° 11 '39 "  N , 9 ° 8' 31"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 11 '39 "  N , 9 ° 8' 31"  E
height 190  m above sea level NN
surface 10.582 km²
Residents 5072 (Dec 2017)
Population density 479 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Jan. 1, 1974
Post Code 74078
prefix 07066

Administration address
Am Ratsplatz 3
74078 Heilbronn

Biberach is a district of Heilbronn in the north of Baden-Württemberg and has around 5000 inhabitants.

history

Border stone of the Teutonic Order in Biberach, who owned here from 1532
Heilbronn-Biberach postcard from 1900

Biberach was first mentioned in a document on July 25, 767 in a document from the Lorsch Codex . In addition to Biberach, this gift from the Franconian nobleman Witroz and his wife named Böckingen , Frankenbach and Schluchtern , three other places in the area. In addition, the Lorsch Codex contains three further entries that refer to the place Biberach: In 782, there is no mention of Biberach itself, but of the village of Böllingen , which was on the Biberaha River and no longer exists today. (See at Neckargartach , a remnant is the Böllinger Hof belonging to this.) The river called Böllinger Bach here today and with a total of three other names further upwards was long known as Biberach and was eponymous for the Biberachgau .

Until the 13th century, Biberach was partly a royal estate , and the Wimpfen Abbey and the Wimpfen Heiliggeistspital also owned it. In 1298, King Adolf von Nassau lent the imperial property to Konrad von Weinsberg for his army successes. The town of Wimpfen acquired the place through the Lords of Heimberg in 1403 . In 1532 the Teutonic Order acquired a farm in Biberach. Little is known about the medieval settlement pattern; the church, which was documented early, the mill documented in 1516 and the various farms that were documented in the Middle Ages are loosely distributed. The place became Protestant with the imperial city of Wimpfen; because the Teutonic Order retained its influence, there was still an important Catholic community after the Reformation.

View from the Bibersteige over the center of Biberach

During the Thirty Years War , Biberach was attacked, looted and burned down several times, including in the area around the Battle of Wimpfen in 1622.

In 1637 the village was completely depopulated. The town of Wimpfen sold the almost fallow place in 1650 to the French Major General Thomas von Klug, who lived there with his family and also took in Jews in Biberach . The major widow Maria von Klug led an exuberant life for a few years after the death of her husband, before the Teutonic Order acquired the place in 1681. In the Palatinate War of Succession in 1688 the place was destroyed again, in 1707 there were again acts of war over Biberach in the Spanish War of Succession .

The Teutonic Order settled a few more Jews after 1681, but they suffered financial losses during the wars of that time and were expelled from 1726 because of their poor financial circumstances. The Order refused to accept Jews again in 1743. Under the German places Biberach was part of the Deutschordensballei Franconia, first to the Kommende Horneck , later to the Amt Kirchhausen . The Catholic Teutonic Order favored the Catholic part of the population and preferred to settle Catholics.

Biberach around 1900

In 1806, as a result of mediatization , Biberach came to Württemberg as an independent village , where it was part of the Heilbronn District Office. In 1840 1305 inhabitants were counted; this population changed very little in the following 100 years. The population growth stagnated, in particular due to strong emigration, from 1850 to 1950 Biberach lost 259 people. In 1950 Biberach had 1,734 inhabitants. The large-scale new development areas that surround the historic town center emerged from the 1960s onwards , starting with the residential area Mouse Valley . At that time, the structure of the village changed from an agricultural to a commuter housing estate for the nearby city of Heilbronn, which doubled the population.

On January 1, 1974, Biberach was incorporated into Heilbronn. In the same year a new service center was inaugurated on Ratsplatz. At that time, Biberach had around 3400 inhabitants and a municipal area of ​​1058 hectares. This was followed by other large new building areas, including the “Kehrhütte” new building area on the site of the former brickworks. The industrial settlement, which began in 1979 and is now around 100 hectares in size, at the nearby Böllinger Höfe in the district of Neckargartach in Heilbronn allowed more commuters to take up apartments in Biberach.

coat of arms

Biberach's coat of arms

The Biberach coat of arms shows an erect beaver and is therefore a talking coat of arms . The oldest depiction goes back to the year 1712, at that time still with the cross of the Teutonic Order, which is also shown on the coat of arms of the village fountain from the 18th century. After the end of the order in 1805, the cross was abandoned. In the 19th century there are also occasional depictions of a beaver with a crown, which is later lost again.

Buildings and cultural monuments

Catholic parish church of St. Cornelius and Cyprian in Heilbronn-Biberach, design by Christian Friedrich von Leins (1814–1892) Württemberg court architect, inauguration October 11, 1863, demolished in 1984.
Backhaus (1841) in front of Protestant church
  • The Evangelical Parish Church of St. Cornelius and Cyprian and the Catholic Parish Church of St. Cornelius and Cyprian are close together in the center of Biberach. The Protestant church goes back to a church that already existed in the Middle Ages, which was temporarily a simultaneous church , and was built in its current form in 1830. After renovation, the rededication took place on Whitsunday May 30, 1993. The Catholic church is a modern church from 1985, which replaced an older building from 1863. The work of Theo Imboden is well worth seeing.
  • Located below the Evangelical Church, 1841 built and 1923 spiked community Backhaus stands on the site of the established in the late 17th century school. Churches, parish halls and the old school building , which is now used as a library, complement each other to form an ensemble.
  • The historically significant buildings in Biberach include the former manor of the von Klug family at Bonfelder Strasse 12, on the foundations of which a residential house was built in 1804/05, and the Teutonic Order's residence at Unterlandstrasse 25, the last historical part of one that has been occupied since 1532 Courtyard and temporarily a specialty shop.
Farmhouse Unterlandstrasse 2 with beaver fountain
House Finkenbergstrasse 21
Citizen's Office from 1976.
  • The beaver fountain has been occupied since 1689. A stone beaver figure on the well holds the coat of arms of the Teutonic Order. The fountain is on the gable end of the farmhouse at Unterlandstrasse 2 , which was built over a cellar from 1580.
  • In Biberach are more striking historical property, including the 1853 built Gasthaus zum Roessle , according to plans by 1870, the Hermann Maute built house meaning in Bonfelder road, built in 1848, the house Holloch with ground floor facade in the style of classicism and the Alte Post with their distinctive bay window. At Finkenbergstrasse 5 , a stove stone dated 1784 is walled up over the door. Other historical buildings go back to the Halter brewery.
  • The historic house at Finkenbergstrasse 21 is a two-storey building in exposed brick construction with colored glazed bricks. The facade has since been boarded up.
  • The two-story plastered half-timbered house from the 16th century at Rappengasse 10 burned down in May 2015.
  • In 2009, a listed residential building with a barn and small animal facilities from the 17th and 18th centuries was demolished at Rappengasse 6 , and the gap was rebuilt.
  • The Scheuermann'sche Mühle in Mühlgasse 13 was located on a historic mill canal with an old bridge and ancillary building. A miller was mentioned as early as 1516. In the building from the late 18th century, components from the early 17th century have been preserved, with the shrine of a house Madonna on the corner of the house. The mill and its outbuilding collapsed some time ago.
  • The old cemetery was transformed into a park. In addition to historical tombs and a war memorial for the dead of the First World War, there are also some historical landmarks and milestones.
  • The Hartlesbrunnen , built in 1874 and fed by the sources of the Kühnbach or Kimbach valley, is connected to the old waterworks in Heilbronn via the Ochsenbrunnen at the Böllinger Hof and served for a long time as the Heilbronn water supply.
  • Outside the village, some vineyards are signposted, which refer to the former importance of viticulture for the place.
  • In 1976 the Biberach Citizens' Registration Office was built. The facade and interior were designed by the Flein sculptor Hans Epple.
  • There is a campus with a school building on Bibersteige. Sports and festival hall, the Böllingertalhalle from 1973. The groundbreaking for the construction of the indoor swimming pool in Biberach was set on September 11, 1974, and on June 23, 1976 it was inaugurated.
  • There is also a modern beaver fountain on the campus from 1968. A beaver figure, created by Hermann Koziol , holds a strap on the fountain stick and stands on a round raft . The fountain trough has meanwhile been boarded up .

Personalities

  • Magister Martinus von Biberach allegedly died in this Biberach in 1498
  • Michael Vehe (* 1485 in Biberach; † April 1539 in Halle ) was a monk, church teacher, auxiliary bishop and editor of the first Catholic hymn book with sheet music.
  • Franz Jacob Mittnacht (born October 8, 1781 in Biberach, † 1849 in Stuttgart) was the organizer of the land surveying in Württemberg and father of the later Prime Minister Herrmann Carl Friedrich Mittnacht .
  • Elise Heß (born December 9, 1898 in Biberach; † May 9, 1987 in Gundelsheim ) was a midwife, social democrat and a member of the resistance against National Socialism.

Utzname of the population

The Utzname of the Biberacher is Biwwericher Stegstrecker .

References and comments

  1. Heilbronn Info Population Numbers . Retrieved September 14, 2018 .
  2. Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2748, July 25th 767 - Reg. 195. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 221 , accessed on January 5, 2018 .
  3. List of places for the Lorsch Codex, Biberach , Archivum Laureshamense - digital, Heidelberg University Library.
  4. Interest group of local history Biberach (ed.): Biberach under Wimpfener rule: (1407 - 1650) , Heilbronn-Biberach 2001.
  5. ^ Biberach local history group of interests (ed.): Biberach in the Thirty Years' War , Heilbronn-Biberach 1997.
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 464 .
  7. cf. the coat of arms of Biberach an der Riss
  8. Evangelisches Pfarramt Heilbronn-Biberach (Ed.): Evangelical Church Biberach: Festschrift for the rededication of the Evangelical Church in Heilbronn-Biberach on Whitsunday May 30, 1993 , Heilbronn-Biberach 1993
  9. St. Cornelius and Cyprian in Heilbronn-Biberach . In: Heilige Kunst , Schwabenverlag, Ostfildern 1990.
  10. Christoph Berchtold: To the window of Theo Imboden in Biberach . In: Heilige Kunst , Schwabenverlag, Ostfildern 1984/1985
  11. Helmut Schmolz: Biberach - as it used to be: the old townscape in photographs 1890 - 1945 , Weinsberg 1987.
  12. Interest group Heimatgeschichte Biberach (Ed.): Tour through the old Biberach , Heilbronn-Biberach 1996.
  13. ^ City of Heilbronn: Heilbronn. Modern urban design - development of the city 1945–1990. P. 44, picture No. 149: Biberach town hall .
  14. ^ City of Heilbronn, Heilbronn. Modern urban design - development of the city 1945–1990 , p. 41, picture no. 129: “Böllingertal-Halle Biberach”.
  15. https://meine.stimme.de/heilbronn/profile/verein-zur-foerderung-des-schwimmsports-im-hallenbad-hn-biberach-ev-830.html
  16. ^ Karl Schlienz (author): A short history of Biberach. Festschrift on the occasion of the first documentary mention in the year 766 (published by the Biberach municipal administration), Heilbronn 1968.
  17. Signature: L006-He 3 Bib-1968 on heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de.
  18. Günter Krause: Gerschtahewwel 100 percent. 18th big castle festival; Kirchhausen 3rd to 5th July 2009 (publisher Ortskartell Heilbronn-Kirchhausen), Heilbronn 2009, p. 5.

Web links

Commons : Biberach  - collection of images, videos and audio files