Klingenberg (Heilbronn)
  district of Heilbronn |
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| Coordinates | 49 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ N , 9 ° 9 ′ 0 ″ E |
| surface | 2.721 km² |
| Residents | 2440 (Dec 2017) |
| Population density | 897 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation | Jan. 1, 1970 |
| Post Code | 74081 |
| prefix | 07131 |
Administration address |
Theodor-Heuss-Strasse 113 74081 Heilbronn |
Klingenberg is a district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg and is located in the southwest of the city, about 10 km as the crow flies from the city center. The place was owned by the lords or counts of Neipperg from the 15th to the early 19th century , then it was an independent municipality and was incorporated into Heilbronn on January 1, 1970.
geography
location
The place Klingenberg is located at the southwest end of the Heilbronn municipality on the Böckinger district, to the left of the Neckar flowing here in a north-easterly direction and on both sides of the Klingenbach which flows into it from the west . The village extends over the valley floor and the slopes of the brook on both sides, on the tip of the eastward spur of the mouth of the Neckar is the Klingenberg Castle in a lower position . In the left valley floodplain of the flowing Neckar, a line of streets runs from the mouth of the stream along the L 1109 in the direction of Böckingen. Above it on the slope and further to the southwest on the Neckar slope of the estuary spur are vineyards.
Neighboring places
To the north-east of Klingenberg is Böckingen , south-east across the Neckar Horkheim , both also in the urban district of Heilbronn. To the south-west lie the municipality and place Nordheim , to the north-west the Großgartach, which belongs to Leingarten , is part of the Heilbronn district .
Transport links
From the west of its junction from the L 1105 Großgartach – Nordheim on the Landturmbacken , the left slope of the creek leads down the K 9553 into the valley and village and joins the L 1109 in the middle, which connects Nordheim in the southwest with Böckingen in the northeast. This state road runs in its southwestern section almost up on the Neckar slope, in its continuation to the northeast then in the Neckar valley, there on the right closely accompanied by the Frankenbahn , which previously had a stop in the valley mouth. From there, a footbridge leads across the Neckar to the Horkheimer Insel between the river and its shipping canal, from where there is a transport connection to the southern district of Heilbronn on the right of the river.
geology
In the Neckartalaue near Klingenberg as well as in the lower Klingenbachtal, Unterkeuper is on the line, on the left slope down the Neckar there are partly old gravel terraces of the Neckar. On top of the hills to the left of the Neckar and on both sides of the flowing stream, layers of loess cover the landscape.
history
Early settlement and name origin
The place name Klingenberg , "mountain with a blade", refers to the location of the town center on a mountain that slopes steeply in the east to the Neckar valley and in the north to a narrow notched valley, a blade . The Klingenbach flows through this to its confluence with the Neckar on the eastern edge of the village.
The location on a Neckar ridge was already around 5000 BC in the Neolithic Age . Settled. On the Schlossberg there are traces of settlement of the band ceramists as well as those of the Michelsberg culture from around 3500 BC. Received. A ribbon ceramic settlement was also found on the Nordheimer Höhe, other finds from this era come from a cave in the Fuchsloch and from the Elltich district . In 1996 a grave from the Middle Bronze Age with women's jewelry was discovered on the crest of a ridge in Klingenberg . The Celts later settled in Klingenberg.
In Roman times there was a Roman estate in the Gewann Bruch . Several Roman roads met near Klingenberg, but their course is only partially traceable. A road from Meimsheim via Nordheim and Klingenberg to Böckingen is still roughly recognizable . Another led to the Neckar ford. Even in the time of the Franks , a trunk road ran through the Neckar ford.
Seat of the Lords of Klingenberg in the High Middle Ages
Clingenberg was mentioned for the first time in 1291 when a member of the local nobility, the Lords of Klingenberg, attested a deed of enfeoffment to Margrave Hermann VII of Baden from the Weißenburg monastery . The lords of Klingenberg had the place as a fiefdom of the margraviate of Baden , which in turn had received it from the Weißenburg monastery. The place was probably created in the High Middle Ages below the castle as a castle hamlet in the valley of the Klingenbach.
In 1293 a Reinbot from Klingenberg testified that the village of Schwaikheim was donated by Albrecht von Ebersberg to the Teutonic Order in Heilbronn. Probably the same Reinbot appears in documents from 1295 and 1297.
The Lords of Klingenberg also had property and rights in some surrounding places. Presumably, their property in Böckingen became a bone of contention with the up-and-coming city of Heilbronn, which acquired rights in Böckingen in the 14th century. A Reinbot von Klingenberg, who is the son of the same name of Reinbot, attested in 1293, became a robber baron and highwayman and sided with Counts Eberhard der Greiner and Ulrich IV. In their feud against the cities. The cities emerged victorious from the conflict, the castle in Klingenberg was taken and razed. On October 31, 1360, Emperor Karl IV allowed the city of Heilbronn to use the stones from the castle, which it is said to have used in 1392 to build the Heilbronn Götz tower . In 1361 another imperial ban was issued to rebuild the castle. Knight Reinbot was only allowed to build a wooden dwelling.
In the period that followed, the von Klingenberg gentlemen sold a large part of the family property. In 1405 Konrad (Kunz) von Klingenberg sold rights in Böckingen, which he had owned as Eberstein's fief , to his sister's bourgeois son, and in 1409 a farm in Nordheim to the Heilbronner Klarakloster . His daughter Anna von Klingenberg, who had already sold other property in Tamm and Talhausen in 1399 and married the noble free Sifried von Riexingen in February 1411 , sold all rights in Nordheim inherited from her father in 1433.
Neipperg local rule 1407 to 1805
From 1407, Eberhard II von Neipperg , who lived in Schwaigern , received the margravial fief of the Lords of Klingenberg in two steps . The Lords of Neipperg then held local rule until the end of the imperial knighthood in 1805 . They built a new manor on the remains of the castle, which was alternately referred to as Hofstatt, Schloss or Burgstall.
The lords of Neipperg introduced the Reformation in Klingenberg in the first half of the 16th century . The first reformed pastor in Klingenberg was Georg Röder, who preached 1546–60.
In particular, viticulture was practiced in the village, which experienced an upswing due to the lack of wine merchants from Baden after the construction of the Württemberg Landgraben in 1482 along the southern Klingenberg boundary. There was certainly a wine press early on, it was first mentioned in 1539.
From 1577 onwards, the von Neipperg gentlemen had Klingenberg Castle and ancillary buildings renovated. Until the construction of the castle in Schwaigern in 1702, Klingenberg was the main seat of the family. In the Thirty Years War , the place was devastated after the Battle of Wimpfen in 1622. Most of the residents fled, the church was no longer used until 1656. Klingenberg also suffered in the subsequent period of the French invasions. The French advanced as far as the Neckar near Klingenberg. The Neippergers obtained the blood spell over the place until 1679 and in 1726 they were able to acquire the previous fief as an allodial property.
The place remained very small until recently. In 1590 there were 13 houses, in 1682 there were 18, in 1734 there were 21 in Klingenberg, in 1750 there were 30.
Independent municipality 1805 to 1969
As a result of the mediation of the imperial knighthood, Klingenberg came to Baden as an independent municipality in 1805 , and then to Württemberg in the following year by means of a state treaty . The place, which had around 300 inhabitants in 1813, continued to be characterized by agriculture and viticulture. Due to the topographical conditions, no industry settled. However, the industrialization of the nearby towns of Heilbronn and Sontheim led to a significant increase in the population and thus to a structural expansion of the town. From 1848 the Württemberg Northern Railway (now Frankenbahn ) was in operation on the narrow bank edge between the town and the Neckar, but the town only got a stop in 1895 and a train station in 1921.
In 1906 there were 18 self-employed traders and traders in Klingenberg, as well as around 50 self-employed farmers and wine growers.
The Neckar canalisation started near Klingenberg in 1921 brought significant changes to the place. The canal construction provided work for the local unemployed and also led to an influx of workers. In 1925/26, the first Neckar footbridge was also built, which now connected Klingenberg to Sontheim on the other bank of the Neckar without the ferries previously used. The Neckarsteg was mainly financed by Sontheim, because they wanted a connection to the Klingenberg train station. In the upper village it was mainly the farmers who lived and worked, whereas in the lower village mainly workers found accommodation, who were closer to their places of work in Heilbronn or Sontheim.
During the Second World War, bombs caused numerous damage in the village around the time of the air raids on Heilbronn . In 1939 there were 761 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 840. After the war, numerous expellees or bombed-out people streamed to Klingenberg, and the settlement on the western plateau was developed to accommodate them . The Neipperger Höhe development area was built in 1949/50, followed by the Wolfsglocke in the north and Schlossäcker in the south from 1963 to 1969.
Heilbronn district since 1970
The municipality of Klingenberg always had a low tax revenue due to a lack of industry or large commercial enterprises and could only cope with public tasks with state subsidies. On January 1, 1970, after lengthy negotiations, it was incorporated into Heilbronn. At that time Klingenberg had around 1,800 inhabitants, the increase in Klingenberg citizens made Heilbronn pass the 100,000 mark and turned the city into a major city .
With the integration in Heilbronn, a lot could be tackled that had previously been postponed due to the tight budget situation. Above all, streets were renewed and rebuilt and additional building land was developed. In 1972 Klingenberg was connected to the Heilbronn water supply, whereupon the old Klingenberg water tower was blown up. The new development area Schlüsseläcker, which borders directly on the Wolfsglocke estate, has been under construction in the far north of the district since 2003/04.
Klingenberg continues to suffer from infrastructure problems. Since the incorporation in Heilbronn, the local retail trade has declined sharply, and most of the basic supply shops have given up. Since the settlement mainly adhered to the longitudinal axis of the narrow blade with its large differences in height, there was never a definite center. The same topographical situation has so far prevented a concept to relieve traffic in the place.
coat of arms
The coat of arms of Klingenberg today shows a stylized golden eagle on a red shield.
Originally, Klingenberg carried the coat of arms of the Counts of Neipperg, three rings in the shield, which was expanded to include a ferry house and a sailing boat in official seals of the 20th century.
At the suggestion of the archives commission from 1938, the place took on the coat of arms of the former local nobility in 1963. According to the Brackenheimer Oberamtsbeschreibung Wolfram von Klingenberg had a stylized eagle in the coat of arms in 1311. In its original form (Reinbot von Klingenberg's coat of arms), in addition to the stylized eagle, a helmet could be seen on an anvil .
Cultural and architectural monuments
- The Neippergsche castle on the mountain ridge above the river Neckar is a medieval castle back, but was often rebuilt and includes existing buildings from all eras of its use, from a medieval Bruchsteinmauerzug with loopholes on the servants' quarters of the 16th century and that of de Louis Millas by Fires of 1858 and 1861 built farm buildings up to a chapel built in 1950.
- The Evangelical Church in Klingenberg is a parish church, the core of which goes back to a church that already existed in the 13th century. The sacristy was added in 1508, the nave was renewed in 1736. In the 19th century the nave was given a barrel vault and a northern extension. There is a war memorial for those who died in the world wars by the church. The green area in front of the church, on which the ferry fountain from 1993 by Markus Daum stands today, was once part of the densely built-up medieval town center. The chapel at today's Theodor-Heuss-Straße 124, built by the Evangelical Community in 1884, was sold in 1966 and then converted into a residential building. In 1957, the New Apostolic Congregation acquired a former small shoe factory and converted it into a church building.
Protestant church
War memorial
Ferry well
- The residential building Theodor-Heuss-Straße 143 is a listed half-timbered building from the 18th century.
- The vineyards in Hausweingart and Amtmann on the northern outskirts are the last vineyards in the Heilbronn urban area that have not been land-cleared. The characteristic vineyard landscape with retaining walls and stairs is attested as early as the 17th century.
- A section of the Württemberg Landgraben runs along the south-western boundary of Klingenberg .
Old Town Hall
Half-timbered house on Theodor-Heuss-Straße
Vineyards near Klingenberg
Sport in Klingenberg
- SSV Klingenberg
Notes and sources
- ↑ Heilbronn Info Population Numbers . Retrieved September 14, 2018 .
-
^ Origin of the name according to:
Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume IV: Stuttgart district, Franconian and East Württemberg regional associations. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-17-005708-1 , p. 19
Julius Fekete , Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Stadtkreis Heilbronn . (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.5.). Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 218 . - ^ Women's jewelry from the Bronze Age in a grave in Klingenberg . The women's jewelry included two wheel needles and a chain with three rows of bronze spiral rollers and an amber pearl. Other amber pearls enriched the jewelry.
- ↑ Schrenk / Weckbach 1993, p. 10.
- ↑ http://www.wubonline.de/?wub=5091
- ↑ Eugen Knupfer: Document Book of the City of Heilbronn , Volume 1, Heilbronn 1904, pp. 20/21, No. 53.
- ↑ http://www.wubonline.de/?wub=5755
- ↑ http://www.wubonline.de/?wub=5965
- ↑ Schrenk / Weckbach 1993, p. 11.
- ^ Document book of the city of Heilbronn, vol. 1, p. 106, no. 150.
- ^ Document book of the city of Heilbronn, vol. 1, p. 106, no. 150a.
- ^ Document book of the city of Heilbronn, vol. 1, p. 184, no. 407.
- ^ The Ministerial Rudolf Kamrer and his wife Anna von Klingenberg left on September 5, 1399 Count Eberhard III. von Württemberg their wine and grain tithes to Tamm and their part in Talhausen in exchange for a Leibgeding. Source: Main State Archives Stuttgart A 602 No. 8746 = WR 8746 LABW online .
- ↑ HStA Stuttgart, Württembergische Regesten, A 602 No. 6534 LABW Online .
- ↑ Heilbronner Urkundenbuch vol. 1, p. 269, no. 545.
- ↑ Schrenk / Weckbach 1993, p. 12.
- ↑ Schrenk / Weckbach 1993, p. 46 and p. 63.
- ↑ Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 1: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in Northern Württemberg
- ↑ Heilbronn voice of July 15, 2004
- ↑ Oberamtsbeschreibung Brackenheim, Klingenberg , page 299.
literature
- Christhard Schrenk and Hubert Weckbach: Klingenberg - as it used to be. The old townscape in photographs 1890–1945 (Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives, Vol. 25), Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1993
- Eugen Knupfer (edit.): Document book of the city of Heilbronn . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1904 ( Württemberg historical sources . N. F. 5)
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Description of the Oberamt Brackenheim . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1873
(Klingenberg was part of the Brackenheim District Office) -
Description of the Oberamt Heilbronn . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1901/1903
(historical part of the dispute Heilbronn or Böckingen with Klingenberg)
Web links
- Map of Klingenberg and the surrounding area on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( Notes )
- Map of Klingenberg with hiking and biking trails on: Geoportal Baden-Württemberg ( information )
Biberach | Böckingen | Frankenbach | Horkheim | Kirchhausen | Klingenberg | Neckargartach | Sontheim