Neckargartach

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Neckargartach coat of arms
Heilbronn coat of arms
Neckargartach
district of Heilbronn
Heilbronn Biberach Böckingen Frankenbach Horkheim Kirchhausen Klingenberg Neckargartach SontheimLocation of Neckargartach in Heilbronn
About this picture
Coordinates 49 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  E Coordinates: 49 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  E
surface 11.249 km²
Residents 9772 (Dec 2017)
Population density 869 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Oct. 1, 1938
Post Code 74078
prefix 07131

Administration address		 Mittelstrasse 3
74078 Heilbronn

Neckargartach is a district of the city of Heilbronn . The previously independent community was incorporated into Heilbronn in 1938 and is located in the northwest of Heilbronn city center. The name Neckargartach arises from the fact that the river Lein , which was previously called Gartach , flows into the Neckar in Neckargartach .

geography

Neckargartach is located at the confluence of the Leinbach in the Neckar in Baden-Württemberg . The settlement extends from north to south around 3.5 km along the Neckar and from west to east around 1.5 km on both sides of the Leintal. In the north-west of the district, spatially separated from the town center and the business park in the north of the town, is the business park Böllinger Höfe . The surrounding villages are Obereisesheim and Biberach in the north, Frankenbach in the west, Böckingen in the south and Heilbronn on the opposite side of the Neckar in the east.

history

Origin and Early History

Old town hall in Neckargartach

The origin of the place Neckargartach lies in the former place Böllingen im Leintal, of which today only the Böllinger Höfe testify, and which was probably established as an Alemannic settlement around the 4th century and first mentioned in 767. Gardach was initially a farm outside of Böllingen, but grew to a larger size than the original capital until the 9th century and came into the possession of the Lorsch Monastery . In 1161 the place was mentioned as "Neccargardacha" (to distinguish between Großgartach and Kleingartach ) in a document from Emperor Barbarossa . The place name is derived from its location at the confluence of the Leinbach (formerly called Gartach ) into the Neckar.

Neckargartach was surrounded by Etter and Graben in the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the modern era . The place was secured by three gates, one of the three gates at the northern end and the second at the southern end of the main road. The third gate was west of the sheep house. Another fortification was the northwestern part of Neckargartach with the castle church, church terrace, parish garden and rectory. The fortified church thus also served as a safe, solid refuge.

Neckargartach came into possession in the 11th century and came under overlordship of the diocese of Worms or the Worms monastery, which in 1323 enfeoffed the lords of Weinsberg with the village.

Imperial town village

Engelhard von Weinsberg and his wife Hedwig sold the fiefdom over Neckargartach in 1341 for 1200 pounds Heller as a lower fief to the Heilbronn patricians Feurer , Gebwin and Erer , while the overlordship of the Worms bishopric continued to exist. The diocese of Worms had already granted usufructuary rights to members of the Heilbronn patriciate. In 1361, Bishop Dietrich von Worms confirmed the subordinate rule of the Heilbronn family under the von Weinsberg family. In 1399 the place was burned down by Württemberg troops. In 1440 Neckargartach came under the rule of Weinsberg, to the Palatinate and in 1504 during the Palatinate War the upper fiefdom was conquered over the village to the House of Württemberg, which triggered a centuries-long dispute between Württemberg and the imperial city of Heilbronn. In addition to Heilbronn and the House of Württemberg, the cheap home monasteries, Hirsau , Lauffen, Odenheim , the knight monastery of St. Peter zu Wimpfen im Tal, the Heilbronn Klarakloster , the Heilbronner Teutonic Order Coming , the Heilbronner Spital and other gentlemen had feudal claims or farms in Neckargartach.

Mills have been attested in Neckargartach since the Middle Ages. Mill wheel dated 1793

The city of Heilbronn had the regiment exercised over its village by a Vogt . The Heilbronner Vogt exercised the jurisdiction, among other things he had the right to hunt and fish in Neckargartach. The men from the Neckargartach community (the common men ) were obliged to pay homage to the Vogt every year and to include him in church prayer. From the middle of the 17th century, the appointed bailiff was always one of the three mayors of Heilbronn, who then held the bailiff's court once a year in Neckargartach , listened to the bills, re-appointed the court and other offices and swore in the new village officials. The town bailiff also exercised the rug court . The mayor of Neckargartach was first entrusted with the lower jurisdiction. In the first half of the 16th century there was the Reisiger Schultheiß in Neckargartach , who worked as a mayor on the basis of an employment relationship and for remuneration and was supposed to serve the city (Heilbronn) on horseback in the event of war and was called the farmer's school since the middle of the 16th century . The Neckargartach mayor was assisted by the court with twelve judges, and since 1658 another eight men in common, so-called twenties .

After the battle of Wimpfen in May 1622, the place was destroyed by the Spanish army under Córdoba , who set up their quarters near Neckargartach. The Spanish army is said to have carried out the "most hideous atrocities" against women and girls, burned the place down and killed residents hurrying to extinguish it. In 1664 there was a great conflagration and in 1675 the place was burned down again by the French during the Franco-Dutch War .

From 1738 to 1756 there was an uprising of the Neckargartachers against the city of Heilbronn. The residents revolted against a reorganization of serfdom . In 1747 the schoolmaster Johann Philipp Hagner, who had made a name for himself as the head of the resistance, was arrested. In 1754 the overlordship ( dominium directum ) over Neckargartach was sold from Württemberg to Heilbronn for 25,000 guilders. On May 9, 1754, the Heilbronn council sent 90 men who took the village with 60 men from the district troops under Captain von Thumb. On October 28, 1758, Hagner and others from Neckargartach were sentenced to life imprisonment, in which they also died.

Independent community 1803–1938

Widmann's paper machine factory around 1840, the first industrial company in Neckargartach

When Heilbronn lost its imperial freedom after the Revolutionary Wars in 1802, its former imperial town villages, including Neckargartach, became independent communities within the new Heilbronn Oberamt . The place was headed by a mayor who exercised jurisdiction.

Until the middle of the 19th century, Neckargartach was characterized by a purely rural character, agriculture and viticulture were practiced . A mill was mentioned as early as 1295 , at the beginning of the 14th century there were already three mills. In 1840 Johann Jakob Widmann settled in the Leinbachtal (today: Widmannstal ) with his paper machine factory and thus laid the foundation for the industrialization of Neckargartach. Other larger operations in Neckargartach were three breweries, a chemical factory and the steam brickworks founded in 1898, which later merged with the Böckingen brickworks . The factories that were being built in nearby Heilbronn also transformed the place from a farming village into a workers' settlement. The number of inhabitants doubled from 1800 with 810 inhabitants up to 1863 to 1650, and again up to 1900 to 3224. The industrialization ensured a certain prosperity of the community until the 1860s. Between 1880 and 1910 the bourgeoisie flourished, two schools were built and numerous associations were founded. From 1894 to 1907 Ludwig Konrad Pfau was mayor in Neckargartach, he was made an honorary citizen in 1907 in recognition of his services to Neckargartach.

Postcard from Neckargartach from 1900

In 1895, the Neckargartacher automobile was the first automobile to be built in Württemberg. In 1897 a devastating storm with hail hit the place.

From 1903 to 1905 the Neckargartacher Neckarbrücke was built, which connected the place with Heilbronn and at that time was the largest of a total of 119 Neckarbrücken. The bridge with a total length of 230 meters spanned the river in five arches and was inaugurated on September 21, 1905. Oberbaurat Schaal, who was in charge of construction, was made an honorary citizen that day. The bridge was destroyed in World War II and then replaced by a new bridge.

The Schultheiss Pfau was succeeded by Fredrich Wilhelm Binder, who died in the First World War in 1914 . He was followed by the previous council clerk Jakob Haspel (1886–1965), who pushed the urban development of the place forward in the difficult years of the First World War and the subsequent inflation. Haspel promoted municipal and private housing construction, had the electrical lighting and the local sewer system expanded, put a mechanical sewage treatment plant into operation and advocated the establishment of a pharmacy. From 1928 Neckargartach also had its own tram (with a depot at Neckarplatz), which was connected to the Heilbronn tram . In 1929 Haspel was re-elected with 2,498 of 2,560 votes cast. The prosperity of the community was, however, consumed by the maintenance of the social and public facilities and the Great Depression in the 1920s. The meritorious mayor Haspel was ousted from office by the National Socialists in May 1933 and in June 1933 a state commissioner appointed by the Württemberg Ministry of the Interior announced that "the municipality can no longer exist as an independent municipality due to its financial circumstances."

District of Heilbronn since 1938

On October 1, 1938 Neckargartach was incorporated into Heilbronn. Even before the Second World War, the urban expansion of the town began with the construction of the steep settlement.

In the late summer of 1944, the Neckargartach concentration camp was opened at the end of the village in the direction of Biberach as a branch of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp (SS Steinbock labor camp). Up to 1,100 prisoners were deployed in two tunnels in the Neckargartach salt mine, where IG Farben AG produced armaments and the Tengelmann food company stored goods. Due to the miserable living conditions, numerous prisoners died before the camp was cleared in April 1945. A memorial in the concentration camp cemetery on Böllinger Straße commemorates the 246 dead who were reburied there. After being transported to the Dachau concentration camp, 258 Neckargartach prisoners were registered there on April 27, 1945. What happened to the other 842 prisoners who once belonged to the Neckargartach team cannot be precisely clarified. 191 deaths are recorded in Heilbronn. In the Heilbronn municipal crematorium there is a list of 31 other Soviet and Polish prisoners.

Leinbach Passage with Linsafamer fountain

From 1953, the Heilbronn power plant was built on the opposite bank of the Neckar, which initially exposed the Neckargartach to high levels of fly ash and chemical pollutants. In the 1960s, the Sachsenäcker and Im Fleischbeil settlements to the south of the town center were opened up;

In 2017, the Heilbronn municipal council decided to develop the Nonnenbuckel residential area . Apartments for 1,200 people will be built on the site east of the Gesundbrunnen Clinic from 2019. The development represents the largest urban development measure of the urban settlement since the Schanz in Böckingen was developed in the 1960s and 1970s.

Religions

In the Middle Ages, the church of Neckargartach belonged to the diocese of Worms, whose area went east to the Neckar. In 1425 a parish for Neckargartach is mentioned for the first time, with the construction of a church being mentioned in 1439 and 1551. However, the Heilbronn Order of Teutons exercised the right to propose and confirm appointments in the event of new appointments, whereby the Order of Teutons opposed the Reformation that took place in Heilbronn as early as 1530 . The Reformation in Neckargartach was therefore not carried out until 1542 with the appointment of the first Protestant pastor, Heinrich Riesser, a son of Hans Riesser . In 1767 the old church had to be demolished due to its dilapidation and replaced by the new building of today's Peterskirche , whereby Frankenbach and Böllingen became branches of the Neckargartacher Peterskirche. After 1802 with the incorporation in Württemberg Neckargartach came to the newly founded Protestant Dean's office in Heilbronn.

In 1806, Catholics in Württemberg were granted the same rights as Protestants. The Neckargartach Catholics initially belonged to the Heilbronn parish of St. Peter and Paul and have only had their own church, St. Michael, since 1959.

Since 1864 there was also a small Evangelical Methodist parish in the village, which built its Ebenezer chapel in 1890 , which was united with Frankenbach in 1983 to form one parish. After Frankenbach became a district of Heilbronn, the parish belongs to the Heilbronner Friedenskirchengemeinde.

politics

coat of arms

Neckargartach's coat of arms

The coat of arms of Neckargartach shows two crossed keys under a lying deer pole, including a hexagonal star. The keys were first mentioned as the town's coat of arms in a description of the Oberamtsamt in 1865, but according to various sources they were already on a church bell from the 17th century that was melted down during the First World War.

The keys point either to the church patron Peter or to the diocese of Worms , which has a key in the coat of arms. The stag bar symbolizes Württemberg, which ruled the place from 1504 to 1754. The colors black and yellow are taken from the Heilbronn city coat of arms and the Württemberg family coat of arms and were established in 1962.

Architectural and cultural monuments

Neckar bridge near Neckargartach
  • The Neckargartacher Neckarbrücke was the largest Neckar bridge in 1905, was destroyed in 1945 and replaced by a new building in 1951.
  • The old town hall at Mittelstraße 3 is an ornately decorated half-timbered building from the 17th century. Like the neighboring house at Mittelstraße 13/15 , the town hall was built on the foundations of older predecessor buildings. The barn at Mittelstraße 20 is the last farm building in the town from the Baroque period. The residential building at Mittelstrasse 21 was built in 1675 after the great fire.
  • The Protestant St. Peter's Church goes back to a medieval fortified church and received its current form in the 18th century. The school, which was replaced by the sacristan's house in the 18th century, was once located in the fortified cemetery, probably in the gate tower of the complex . The Neckargartach war memorial from 1937 is located by the church .
  • The Neckargartach rectory in Kirchbergstr. 2 has been attested to since 1578 and was given its present form through a new building in 1725 and renovation in 1840. A historic washing and baking house is attached to the rectory.

  • Sacristan's house

  • Ev. Rectory

  • Mittelstrasse

Evangelical St. Peter's Church
  • The Catholic parish church of St. Michael with a free-standing bell tower was consecrated in 1959 and the interior was redesigned in 1998.
  • At Römerstraße 73 there was a church of the New Apostolic congregation, consecrated on November 24, 1951, which was converted into a residential building in 2013.
  • The portal of the cemetery dates from 1607.
  • The parish hall on Biberacher Straße was built in 1927 according to plans by Jakob Saame and for a long time formed the social center of the place.

  • Catholic Michaelskirche

  • former New Apostolic Church on Römerstr. 73

  • War memorial at Peterskirche

Historic pumping station
  • The historic pumping station in Widmannstal was the production building of the Widmann'schen paper factory , was converted into a pumping station in 1900 and was in operation until the 1960s. The facility was renovated in 1994/95 and expanded in 1997 to include a rebuilt historic hammer mill, which was mentioned as a mill as early as the 17th century and was originally about 900 meters downstream before it was demolished in 1972.
  • The Ludwig'sche mill is located at a point in Leintal where mills are attested since the Middle Ages. The elongated, original mill building was erected in 1802 instead of a previous building, and in 1851 a residential wing and a barn wing were added to the current size of the facility.
  • The historic Leinbachbrücke was built in 1525 on Römerstrasse by the construction works of Hans Schweiners . Today a wall built from their stones on the Leinbach reminds of the building.

  • Ludwig mill

  • Mill canal of the Ludwig mill

  • Leinbachbrücken memorial plaque

Concentration camp cemetery
  • There are other monuments and historically interesting buildings in Neckargartach. The rural house at Böckinger Strasse 7 marks one of the early Neckargartach settlement centers. It was built soon after the great fire of 1675. The residential building at Böckinger Strasse 98 was planned by Emil Beutinger and completed in 1904 for employees of the brickworks; the Villa Binder at Böckinger Strasse 104 was built in 1908 by Jakob Saame for Gustav Binder. The Pfau villa was the home of the town school councilor Pfau.
  • The concentration camp cemetery is located on the site of a mass grave for 246 concentration camp prisoners from five nations on a hill above the former SS labor camp "Steinbock" on Böllingerstraße. The memorial complex was inaugurated on December 22, 1946. The memorial stone bears the inscription They died shortly before their liberation in German and Russian . In the complex there are also memorial plaques reminding of the history of the concentration camp cemetery and the names of some prisoners.

  • Villa Binder

  • Villa Peacock

  • Cemetery portal

Linsafamer fountain
  • The Linsafamer fountain (1988) by Dieter Läpple in front of the Leinbach-Passage in the center of the village refers to the name of the Neckargartacher family.
  • The Leinbach School is located in the center of the village and the Albrecht Dürer School is in the Sachsenäcker residential area .
  • The Neckarhalle is a multi-purpose hall built in 1969 that has since been modernized.

The striking abandoned buildings include the Neckargartacher gym on Wimpfener Straße, which was inaugurated on July 15, 1900 on the occasion of the Gauturnfest and demolished in 1964, as well as the tram hall opened in 1928 and demolished in 1969 and the tram hall opened in 1890 and demolished in 1990 as part of the urban redevelopment Methodist Chapel .

  • Leinbach School

  • Albrecht Dürer School

  • Neckarhalle

Altböllinger Hof, half-timbered

The Altböllinger Hof is a remnant of the former settlement of Böllingen . A church there was mentioned in 823, the Böllinger Mühle in the 13th century. Finds such as a cellar and shards from the 14th century that were used until the 10th century bear witness to the long settlement of the place, which presumably ceased to exist in the 15th century, except for a courtyard and a mill, which changed their shape several times. The church was demolished in 1572, the mill was not rebuilt after a fire in the late 20th century. The oldest of the existing buildings is the main building of the Altböllinger Hof from the late 17th century, most of the farm buildings date from the 19th century.

  • Altböllinger Hof

  • Böllinger Mühle, outbuilding

  • Böllinger mill

Sports

The VfL Neckargartach goes back to the established in the years 1890/91 gymnastics club Neckargartach and was re-established in 1946. The association comprises ten departments. The footballers of VfL played from 1946 to 1950 in the then second-class state league Württemberg. The wrestling department of VfL produced successful athletes, including second and third placed at the German championships. In 2014, VfL Neckargartach merged with the Frankenbach game association and has been called SV 1891 Heilbronn am Leinbach ever since.

Utzname of the population

The name of the population is lentil farmer.

The name goes back to the fact that there should have been lentils to eat in the Heilbronn hospital. However, these lenses caused diarrhea in the patients. When this was noticed, the lenses were tipped into the Neckar. These, together with the excretions of those afflicted with diarrhea, drove the Neckar downstream to Neckargartach. A Neckargartacher fisherman is said to have noticed the lenses. Then other fishermen, together with poor farmers, put cloths in their nets (frames) and began to fish out the lentils.

The Heilbronn residents claimed that the Neckargartachers ate the lentils themselves.

The Neckargartachers believe that they only fished the lentils out of the Neckar in order to be able to sell them on the Heilbronn market.

Personalities

  • Karl Haag (1819–1901), mayor of Obereisesheim, born in Neckargartach, and member of parliament
  • Friedrich von Schaal (1842–1909), chief building officer and builder of the Neckargartach Neckar Bridge, made an honorary citizen of Neckargartach in 1905
  • Ludwig Konrad Pfau (1861–1925), mayor in Neckargartach 1894–1907, honorary citizen in recognition of his great services to the community
  • Karl Hermann (1888–1961), senior teacher and local history researcher, lived in Neckargartach
  • Wilhelm Schäffer (1891–1976), artist, born and buried in Neckargartach
  • Frida Schuhmacher (1892–1964), writer, lived in Neckargartach from 1919 until her death
  • Otto Vollmer (1894–1978), trade unionist and politician (SPD, USPD, KPD), born in Neckargartach
  • Timo Dörflinger (* 1978 in Neckargartach), former soccer player and current soccer coach
  • Marc Schnatterer (* 1985 in Neckargartach), German soccer player, long-time and current captain of FC Heidenheim

References and comments

  1. ↑ Heilbronn Info Population Numbers . Retrieved September 14, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Festschrift p. 37.
  3. ↑ Festschrift for the fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation, p. 39.
  4. ↑ On the history of the Neckargartach concentration camp and the cemetery at alemannia-judaica.de. Also plan and photos of the location of the concentration camp and the cemetery.
  5. ↑ Heinz Risel: Concentration camp in Heilbronn: The "SS Steinbock labor camp" in Neckargartach. Eyewitness accounts - documents - facts. He reports that in the 100 × 150 meter storage area along Böblinger Strasse at the level of today's sports field, 1,100 prisoners are being guarded by 80 SS men (later another 20 members of the Air Force). See Kochendorf , Eisbär concentration camp.
  6. ↑ On forced labor in room HN ( memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (approx. 8,000 people forced labor )
  7. ↑ 50 years Heilbronn-Neckargartach , 1988, p. 2.
  8. ↑ Major project Nonnenbuckel: New building area for 1200 residents - STIMME.de. Retrieved February 27, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Kilian Krauth: Houses of God on the test stand . In: Heilbronn voice . January 26, 2013 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on January 26, 2013]).
  10. ↑ Ten years like a century , special print from the Heilbronner Voice of December 10, 1955.
  11. ↑ Uwe Jacobi : The missing council minutes . 1st edition. Heilbronn, 1981, p. 92.
  12. ↑ Ulrich Häcker, Jost Kubin: We live in Heilbronn - children get to know their city . Ed .: City of Heilbronn. Crude ridicule from place to place.

literature

  • Erhard Jöst (with the assistance of Peter Hahn and Heinz Kurz): A walk through Neckargartach. Where the Leinbach flows into the Neckar, Heilbronn 2013.
  • Neckargartach in old postcards 1897–1945 . Heilbronn 2006, ISBN 978-3-939765-00-4 .
  • Helmut Schmolz , Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Volume 1: Photos from 1860 to 1944. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1966.
  • Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Volume 2: Photos from 1858 to 1944. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967.
  • Eugen Knupfer (edit.): Document book of the city of Heilbronn . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1904 ( Württemberg historical sources . N. F. 5)
  • Description of the Oberamt Heilbronn . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1901/1903.
  • Hubert Weckbach: From the history of Neckargartach . In: Festschrift on the fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation: 50 years Heilbronn-Neckargartach , September 1988, pp. 37–43.

Web links

Commons : Neckargartach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Neckargartach in the description of the Oberamt Heilbronn from 1865  - sources and full texts