Lords of Weinsberg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of those von Weinsberg in the Rösch coat of arms book

The Lords of Weinsberg were a noble family that lived in Weinsberg Castle (today: Weibertreu castle ruins ) from 1140 to 1450 . Rising from the Hohenstaufen ministry to the noble freedom , representatives of the family attained the highest imperial offices such as that of the imperial governor or the imperial chamberlain . A Konrad von Weinsberg held the office of Archbishop of Mainz in the late 14th century . The family experienced its economic decline in the middle of the 15th century and died out in the male line around 1507.

history

Weibertreu castle ruins in Weinsberg
Epitaph for Engelhard VIII († 1417) in the Dominican Church in Wimpfen
Epitaph for Philip the Elder († 1507) in Schöntal Monastery

They were originally a family of ministers from the Gmünder area, originally based in Lindach at Lindach Castle , which was run by Konrad III. after his victory over Welf VI. at Weinsberg in 1140 as the administrator of Castle Weinsberg and was named after their residence von Weinsberg . They soon rose to join the circle of the noble free .

The first proven Weinsberger was Thiebert or Tibert (Tibert von Lindach), who from 1138 in documents of Konrad III. is detectable and appears for the first time in 1150 as Thiepertus de Winesperg . The male Weinsbergers who followed him until the family died out almost all had the lead names Engelhard or Konrad, which makes it difficult to differentiate them in the sources.

The rise of the Weinsbergers is associated with the expansion of the Hohenstaufen facilities in the central Neckar area. They originally owned many estates in the mining town that was developing alongside the newly founded Palatinate Wimpfen and were entrusted with various administrative tasks by the Hohenstaufen and supplied with fiefs from the imperial estates . In the 13th century , they built another castle on the Scheuerberg near Weinsberg Castle above Neckarsulm , where they had been appointed treasurers . At the height of their power, the Weinsbergers owned half of the city of Weinsberg as well as a number of places in its vicinity and also in the rest of southern Germany. In addition, they were given various wild banks by the Hohenstaufen and also after the Interregnum by other kings .

In the lower Neckar area, the Weinsbergers entered into a reconciliation of interests with the Counts of Katzenelnbogen , in which Konrad III. von Weinsberg married Elisabeth von Katzenelnbogen, daughter of Diether V. von Katzenelnbogen , in 1268 . In the early 14th century, the Weinsbergers came into the possession of the Reich pledges in Neckargemünd and Eberbach, which had previously been administered by the Katzenelnbogen family .

Konrad IV von Weinsberg († 1323) was Reichslandvogt in the Reich War and achieved the Reich's victory against Count Eberhard from Württemberg . After his death, the area of ​​the Weinsberg rule was divided within the family in 1325, which resulted in two roughly equal parts with the administrative centers of Weinsberg and Scheuerberg . In 1335 Engelhard VII von Weinsberg sold the Scheuerberg estate with the castle there to Archbishop Balduin von Trier .

Other important representatives of the family are a Konrad, who was Archbishop of Mainz as Konrad II von Weinsberg 1390-1396, as well as the Imperial Chamberlain Engelhard VIII von Weinsberg († 1417), who donated the property of the Dominican Church in Wimpfen (a former high court ) , and Konrad IX. von Weinsberg (* around 1370; † 1448), who was appointed protector of the Council of Basel by Albrecht II in 1439 . Both functions and Konrad's quarrels with the city of Weinsberg over its status ruined the Weinsberg's finances to such an extent that two years after his death, Konrad's heirs had to sell Weinsberg Castle and all of the places they still owned in the Weinsberg district with all rights to the Electoral Palatinate . Konrad's sons, both named Philipp, withdrew to their last possession, the Reichelsburg rule, which, in addition to the Reichelsburg in Baldersheim (now part of Aub ), also included half of the city of Aub. With the death of the younger Philipp (after May 28, 1507) the lords of Weinsberg became extinct in the male line.

In 1504, Elector Joachim von Brandenburg gave the Counts of Hohenzollern an entitlement to the office of Imperial Treasurer, which had passed from Konrad to Philip the Elder . In 1505, Philipp signed a contract with Count Eitelfriedrich zu Zoller on mutual lending with the Reichsamt, to which Elector Joachim agreed. In 1507, after Philip's death, Eitelfriedrich was definitively enfeoffed with the office.

After their extinction, the archives of the Lords of Weinsberg fell to the Counts of Hohenlohe as a result of a hereditary brotherhood that was concluded on June 23, 1400 . It is now in the Hohenlohe Central Archive in Neuenstein .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Lords of Weinsberg

As a coat of arms, the Lords of Weinsberg had three silver shields (2: 1) in a red field; their colors were red and white. They carried various helmet items :

  1. two red umbrella boards , lined with silver linden leaves on the outside
  2. two toppled silver (or silver-red, so in Speyer's fief Book) Fish
  3. a virgin torso that has a fish on each breast that either bite the chest or are held by the virgin's arms. The virgin body is partly crowned and, like the fish, comes in different colors. Possible options:
    1. crowned, clothing split in silver and red, the fish in confused colors
    2. uncrowned, clothes split in red and silver, the fish biting their breasts in red and silver (older Lehenbuch der Kurpfalz)
    3. crowned, dressed in red, fish silver (Ingeram's book of arms)
    4. with a golden crown, which is decorated with a peacock mirror , dressed in red, the arms of the virgin hold silver fish (Hackenberg part of the Codex Cotta)
    5. on a crowned helmet, golden fish, to the side of the trunk are two flags on golden poles, the right one is divided into silver and black with tips, the left one contains a green scepter in blue as a badge of the chamberlain; red-silver helmet covers (Grünenberg's book of arms)
    6. crowned, fish silver-red, in the crown there are two flags on golden poles, the right one is divided with tips silver-black, the left one contains a green scepter in blue as a badge of chamberlain service (Bayhart's book of arms)

  • Seal of Konrad von Weinsberg, 1284

  • Seal of Konrad von Weinsberg , 15th century

  • Coat of arms from the New Siebmacher

  • Coat of arms from the New Siebmacher

  • Coat of arms from the New Siebmacher

  • Coat of arms from the Ingeram Codex

  • Coat of arms illustration from a book of arms from the 16th century

  • Coat of arms from the New Siebmacher

The coat of arms also appears on structures that have connections to the Weinsbergers.

  • Keystone in the Weikersheim city ​​church

  • Keystone in the Weikersheim city church

  • Coat of arms on the children's grave of "Prinzle" (Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg) from 1437 in the Weikersheim city church

The coat of arms of the Lords of Weinsberg later became an element of the municipal coats of arms of the towns of Hößlinsülz and Unterrot , which they had temporarily owned.

  • Coat of arms of Hößlinsülz

  • Coat of arms of Unterrot

Connections to other noble families

Konrad I von Weinsberg (documented mention from 1215-1235) was married to Luitgard, a daughter of Walter Schenk von Limpurg .

According to Gewin, a gutta von Weinsberg was the wife of the Hohenstaufen kitchen master Heinrich I von Rothenburg at the beginning of the 13th century . This statement is also documented.

Others "von Weinsberg"

Around 1130, a Wolfram von Weinsberg appears in the sources , who does not belong to the von Weinsberg family and can still be traced under this name in 1146, 1147 and 1160. 1139 a Wignand von Weinsberg , 1156 a Diethericus von Weinsberg is mentioned. It is believed that these Weinsbergers belonged to an aristocratic family that had already resided in a courtyard belonging to the castle before 1140 and named itself after this courtyard.

It is unclear whether there is a connection between the Cologne councilor Hermann (von) Weinsberg (1518–1598) and the Lords of Weinsberg and the city of Weinsberg. He himself assumes (entry in his "house book" of December 8, 1565) that his ancestors came from there.

literature

  • Simon M. Haag: Romans - Salier - Staufer - Weinsberger. A brief history of the castle and town of Weinsberg. Verlag Nachrichtenblatt der Stadt Weinsberg, Weinsberg 1996, ISBN 3-9802689-9-3 .
  • Lothar Hantsch: The Scheuerberger Wildbann. In: Lothar Hantsch (Red.): Bad Friedrichshall. 1933-1983. City of Bad Friedrichshall, Bad Friedrichshall 1983, pp. 126-137.
  • Klaus Graf : Gentlemen on the Lindacher Tower from the 12th to the 16th century (12th to the 16th century) . In: Ortschronik Lindach . Schwäbisch Gmünd 2018. ISBN 978-3-95747-083-6 , pp. 70-93 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Herren von Weinsberg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus Graf : Sources on the history of the Göppinger Oberhofenkirche (1439, 1447) from the Lehenkopialbuch Konrad von Weinsberg and the Weinsberg archive . In: Hohenstaufen, Helfenstein 2 , 1992, pp. 55-73 doi : 10.6094 / UNIFR / 10330 .
  2. ^ Rüdiger Lenz: The history of Reichenstein Castle near Neckargemünd , Neckargemünd 1997, p. 38/39.
  3. ↑ Lenz 1997, p. 39.
  4. ↑ Lenz 1997, p. 42.
  5. ↑ Proof of the transfer of the office of Reichserbkämmereramt to the Hohenzollern: Gustav A. Seyler: History of Heraldry (coat of arms, coat of arms art, coat of arms science) . Bauer & Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch 1970 (J. Siebmacher's large book of arms, A). P. 437.
  6. ↑ Individual evidence for the coat of arms variants: The coat of arms of the nobility in Württemberg . Bauer & Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch 1892, ISBN 3-87947-023-5 (J. Siebmacher's large book of arms, 23). Therein on the Weinsberg coats of arms Otto Titan von Hefner (originally from Vol. II, 5th section of the Siebmacher'schen Wappenbuch ( The Adel of the Kingdom of Württemberg ) from 1856, p. 16 and Plate 8) and Gustav A. Seyler (originally from Vol VI, 2nd section of the Siebmacher'schen coat of arms books ( dead Württemberger nobility ) from 1911, p. 145 and plate 79).
  7. ↑ Weinsberg, formerly free Reichs-, now Württemb. Oberamtsstadt. Timeline.
  8. ↑ JPJ Gewin: The Relationships and Political Relationships between the Western European Princely Houses in the Early Middle Ages, HL Smits, 1964.
  9. ↑ State Archives Ludwigsburg B 503 IU 385 Permalink .