Wild forest
A wild ban was a special royal hunting right in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation from around the 9th to the 15th century.
history
Wilderness areas were not originally restricted to forests. The area in a wild spell is as wildbannforst or spell forestry or as Königsforst referred. In the beginning, the right to hunt (mostly only high hunt ) in the exempt area belonged to the king alone. The right to hunt in the wild was often passed on to others by the kings; they had to pay the so-called game money . Representing the king, the Reichsministeriale (Reichsministeriales) , who supervised the respective Reichswald , were allowed to hunt there, for example the Lords of Hagen-Munzenberg in the Dreieich Wildbann .
Before the 9th century, the royal forests were called forestes [singular: forestis ]. A forestis was a legally designated use district of the king. At the end of the 6th century, the Frankish kings, later also dukes and other greats of the empire, began to withdraw extensive forests from the general public. They declared them to be forests ("forestes"), d. H. to separate legal districts, in which they alone decided on forest use, hunting and fishing. A "forestis" could include not only forest but also farmland and wasteland. This right of use included the use of forest products, hunting, fishing and clearing . The royal right of disposal over uninhabited land (ius eremi) was the legal basis for the establishment of the forestes . From the 8th century, the church and the nobility also declared such forestes or took over the former royal forestes . The forests that remained in royal possession, provided they did not belong to the private household of the respective elected king , formed the imperial forests , which belonged to the imperial estate .
Due to the increased importance of hunting during the 9th century, the name changed from forestis to wildbann. This Wildbann was a hunting district under Königbann , which extended over an area that could belong to different owners. In addition to the hunting rights, the king also exercised forest supervision during his spell.
Since the 15th century, the word Wildbann has been replaced by the term forest . Forest then meant an area in which forest sovereignty was exercised. But several centuries earlier, several game hubs (settlement farms) were set up to protect such an area and the game that is subject to high hunting . The farmsteads in the Wildhuben were inhabited by foresters ( lower nobility ), who were mostly subordinate to a forester (e.g. forester von Gelnhausen for the Büdinger Forest ) or a Vogt and had to supervise a part of the forest. In addition to these, forest supervision was also guaranteed through its own jurisdiction (forest ranger's court for the forested villages).
See also
Web links
literature
- Richard B. Hilf: The forest. Forests and pastures in the past and present - Part One [Reprint]. Aula, Wiebelsheim 2003, ISBN 3-494-01331-4
- Hans Hausrath : History of German silviculture. From its beginnings to 1850 . Series of publications by the Institute for Forest Policy and Regional Planning at the University of Freiburg. Hochschulverlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 1982, ISBN 3-8107-6803-0
Individual evidence
- ↑ Winfried Freitag: Wald, Waldhaben, in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns , November 27, 2014, accessed on October 26, 2015