Hagen-Munzenberg

Family coat of arms of the lords of Munzenberg

The lords of Hagen-Münzenberg ( after Hagen = Hayn = Burg Hayn , Dreieichenhayn ) were Reichsministeriale , who were mainly wealthy in the Wetterau and south of Frankfurt .

origin

The Hagen-Münzenberg, Heusenstamm , Dornberg and Erbach presumably go back to a single original family. The Meier of the later Emperor Otto I , Wetti , who is named in a document dated February 14, 947, can be regarded as an ancestor of these tribes . In it Otto I. gives his "nostro villico" Wetti a royal hoof as a personal property in Seckbach . Close relatives of Eberhard I. von Hagen (1075–1122) and his son Konrad, the brothers Dragobodo and Konrad, appeared together for the first time in 1093 as witnesses to a deed.

history

Hayn Castle (Hagen) in Dreieichenhain

Munzenberg Castle in an engraving by Matthäus Merian

Koenigstein Castle

Loyal to the Salians , they understood how to condense their authorizations and legal titles into sovereign rights. Eberhard von Hagen, a close confidante of Emperor Heinrich IV , was the first Vogt of the Dreieich around 1075 . His heirs became imperial treasurers .

The Lords of Hagen managed as imperial vassals and governors in the High Middle Ages from the Hayn Castle in Dreieichenhain from the Reich Forestry and Wildbann Dreieich . Hayn Castle was expanded into an imperial castle by 1180 .

The imperial ministerial Eberhard Albus (Rufus) von Hagen , who received a forest near Wiesbaden in 1123, is considered to be the father of the first representative of the Lords of Dornberg . He is Eberhard I von Dornberg ( Eberhardus de Dornburg ) who appeared in a document under the name of Dornberg around 1160 .

In the middle of the 12th century, Konrad II von Hagen-Arnsberg acquired the Munzenberg in Wetterau in exchange from the Fulda Monastery , which was then called "Minzinberch" because it was overgrown with mint . A castle was built there around 1160 under his son Kuno I von Hagen-Münzenberg (* 1151; † 1212). In favor of Munzenberg Castle , he gave up Arnsburg Castle and donated it to the Cistercians in 1174 , who settled in the neighboring Arnsburg Monastery . From around 1165 onwards, Kuno I called himself "von Münzenberg" after his new headquarters.

Around this time - evidently since 1170/1180, the Munzenberg bracteates used the mint stem as a speaking symbol. The mints are thought to be in the Münzenberg castles of Munzenberg or Assenheim .

After the Counts of Nürings died out, Königstein fell to the Munzenberg family. Kuno I von Munzenberg was married to Luckharde von Nürings and inherited his possessions when the male line of the Nürings died out. After his death in 1212, his son Kuno II von Münzenberg inherited the castle and the town of Königstein. After his death in 1225, his younger brother Ulrich I von Munzenberg became the owner of Königstein Castle . In 1239 Ulrich I was first mentioned as the owner of Königstein Castle. After his death, he was followed by his son Ulrich II von Munzenberg . Königstein Castle was extensively expanded under the Munzenbergs.

With the Wetterau and large parts of the Vordertaunus, the territory of the Munzenberg family comprised such a large area that Burgmanns were used in the individual castles . In Königstein, Arnold von Königstein , a burgrave, was first mentioned by name in 1215 . He is probably a Reichsministerialer, a knight in the service of the Staufer Kaiser. He was given responsibility for the Königstein Imperial Castle; he had to administer them, to maintain the defense and protection devices, to keep accounts of income and expenses, to instruct the craftsmen and other servants with work and to supervise them. He was responsible for the usability and safety of the Frankfurt – Cologne – Aachen road. Albert zu Königstein is the second burgrave known by name in 1225. After the death of Ulrich II von Munzenberg in 1255 Philip I von Falkenstein , the husband of Ulrich's sister Isengard, inherited the rule of Königstein.

Kunos I's son, Kuno II von Munzenberg , lost Munzenberg Castle and the rights associated with it in 1217 - probably due to an enemy storm. His brother, Ulrich I , succeeded him as lord of the castle, but was taken over by his son, Kuno III , in 1240 . von Munzenberg , expelled from the castle and died soon afterwards.

Munzenberg Castle; Staufer hall and east tower

After the death of Kunos III. in 1244 the castle fell to his brother, Ulrich II von Munzenberg . In 1252 he dissolved the Benedictine monastery Patershausen , a monastery owned by the von Munzenberg family, and filled it with nuns from the Cistercian order. The first abbess of the new community was his sister, Lucardis von Munzenberg .

With the death of Ullrich II, the von Munzenberg family died out in the male line in 1255 . His marriage to Hedwig von Weinsperg remained childless and the so-called “ Munzenberger inheritance ” came about . Heirs were his secular sisters who were married to nobles in the area:

• Adelheid , with Reinhard I. von Hanau . In 1458 the county of Hanau was divided, and in order to be able to distinguish the two Hanau sub-counties, the northern part, to which Münzenberg also belonged, was officially referred to as the Grafschaft Hanau-Münzenberg since 1496 , with which the old family name lived on.
• Isengard, with Philip I of Bolanden - Falkenstein . He acquired the greater part of the property from the Munzenberg inheritance through purchase and exchange .
• Mechtild, with Engelhard von Weinsberg .
• Irmengard, with Konrad von Weinsberg .
• Hedwig, with Heinrich von Pappenheim .
• Agnes, with Konrad II von Schöneberg .

literature

Family coat of arms of the lords of Munzenberg (somewhat later variant)

• Karl Ernst Demandt : History of the State of Hesse , 2nd edition, Bärenreiter-Verlag , Kassel and Basel, 1972, ISBN 3-7618-0404-0 , pp. 443-447.
• Hans Otto Keunecke: The Munzenberger. Sources and studies on the emancipation of an imperial servant family. Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt 1978 ( sources and research on Hessian history 35 ).
• Angela Metzner: Reichslandpolitik, aristocracy and castles - studies on the Wetterau in the Staufer period. Büdingen 2008/2009 , ISBN 978-3-00-026770-3 , pp. 94-112 ( Büdinger Geschichtsblätter 21 ).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Wilhelm E. Heupel, "The Sicilian Grosshof under Emperor Friedrich II." Volumes 10-11, p. 300.
2. ^ Prof. Karl Gruber, "Minzinberg, Burg-Stadt-Kirche" Second edition 1973, Graphische Druckanstalt W. Herr, Gießen, p. 80 ff, family table.
3. ^ Regesta Imperii Regestdatenbank: RI II, 1 n.147, in: Regesta Imperii Online ( online , accessed December 8, 2012).
4. ^ Johannes Gutenberg University. Institut für Geschichtliche Landeskunde - 1978 - "Ministerialitäten im Mittelrheinraum" p. 80 ff, ISBN 3-515027-74-2
5. ^ Johannes Gutenberg University. Institut für Geschichtliche Landeskunde - 1978 - "Ministerialitäten im Mittelrheinraum" p. 80 ff, ISBN 3-515027-74-2
6. ↑ Wagner (1848), p. 27.
7. ↑ Walter Hävernick : The older coinage of the Wetterau up to the end of the 13th century . (=  Publication of the Historical Commission for Hesse and Waldeck. 18.1). Marburg 1936, 2nd edition. 2009 [with research report and biographical foreword by Niklot Klüßendorf ], pp. 9–12 and catalog.
8. ↑ October 26, 1217: King Friedrich II announces to the Friedberg burgrave Giselbert, the Burgmannen and the Frankfurt mayor that he is returning the goods to Ulrich von Münzenberg that his father and brother had owned. Johann Friedrich Böhmer , Friedrich Lau: Codex diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus = document book of the imperial city of Frankfurt Vol. 1. 794-1314. Unchangeable Reprint of the Frankfurt 1901 edition, Baer, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1970, p. 25.