Aub

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Aub (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 33 '  N , 10 ° 4'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Lower Franconia
County :	Wurzburg
Management Community :	Aub
Height :	310 m above sea level NHN
Area :	17.54 km 2
Residents:	1447 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	83 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	97239
Area code :	09335
License plate :	WÜ , OCH
Community key :	09 6 79 114
City structure:	7 districts
City administration address :	Marktplatz 1 97239 Aub
Website :	www.stadt-aub.de
First Mayor :	Roman Menth (CSU)
Location of the city of Aub in the Würzburg district

Aub ( pronunciation ^{? / I} ) is a town in the Lower Franconian district of Würzburg and the seat of the Aub administrative community .

geography

Geographical location

The city is located on the Gollach on the state border with Baden-Württemberg , about halfway between Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Würzburg .

Districts

There are seven districts (the type of settlement in brackets):

Aub (main town) Baldersheim ( parish village ) Burgerroth (parish village) Herrgottsmühle ( wasteland )

Lämmermühle (wasteland) Stilt mill (wasteland) Ullenmühle (wasteland)

There are the districts of Aub, Baldersheim and Burgerroth.

history

(Sources below)

Surname

The name of the city of Aub, formerly “Awe” or “Aue”, comes from the location in the Wiesenau, which gave the monastery founded around 1000 AD: “Our dear women cathedral and monastery in the Au ".

From the band ceramists to the Germanic peoples

On the Rothenburger Höhe, 1000 meters southeast of the Catholic Church of the Assumption of Mary, traces of settlement of the linear ceramics , the stitch ceramics , the Rössen culture , the Bronze Age and the urn field culture were found in 1978 . A cremation grave from the Urnfield Age was found 700 meters north-northwest of the church in 1900 .

Near the Kunigunden chapel were copper-stone age settlement traces found. Significant traces of settlement from several epochs were found within a radius of about 17 km around Aub in Acholshausen and on the Bullenheimer Berg .

Remains of Celtic settlements were found on the Eulenberg opposite the Kunigunden chapel. The Celts settled in the Gollach and Tauber areas . The princely grave on the Fuchsenbühel in Riedenheim dates from around 600 BC (late Hallstatt period) . The three burial mounds in the Stelzenholz forest between Aub and Baldersheim, which were examined in 1921, also date from the Hallstatt period . The Finsterlohr oppidum was built around 150 BC (late La Tène period ) .

From 100 BC onwards, Elbe Germans assigned to the so-called Großromstedter horizon began to settle. According to the linguist Ernst Schwarz, the Main Franconian dialect also has its origins in Elbe Germanic.

Elbe Germans in Baldersheim

Perhaps it was already time to the Elbe German international group of Herminones belonging Marcomanni . This is not proven. What is certain is that around 100 BC, Elbe Germans belonging to the Großromstedter culture penetrated the Maing area, traces of settlement from this period were also found in Baldersheim (in the Staffelsbrunn corridor ) and that the Celtic Helvetians migrated to Switzerland and south-west Germany just then. It is also certain that the Marcomanni settled in the area around Main Franconia sometime during the 1st century BC.

In the 13th century Baldersheim was still called "Baltolt (e) sheim". The assumption that the place name Baldersheim can be traced back to the Germanic god Balder is erroneous . No concrete evidence of the existence of a pagan place of worship in prehistoric times was found at the Kunigunden Chapel, but the experts' suspicions still go in this direction.

Romans in Lower Franconia

In the years 11 and 10 BC, the Marcomanni suffered a defeat against the Romans. 7 to 3 BC, the Marcomanni emigrated to Bohemia under Marbod . The Roman legate in Germania at that time was Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus . 10 BC Until 16 AD there was a two legion camp in Marktbreit ( Drusus to Germanicus ).

Rhine-Weser Teutons, Alemanni and Franks

In the year 20 AD, the Elbe Germans of the Großromstedter culture were replaced by a culture belonging to the Rhine-Weser Germans . The settlement continuity can be seen in the Baldersheim settlement, a common name has not been passed down. In 213 Caracalla defeated the Alamanni in the Hohenlohe plain .

In 370 there were disputes over salt springs between Alamanni and Burgundy , which at that time probably settled between Hohenlohe and the Mittelmaing area. In 450 "Uburzis" ( Würzburg ) was mentioned for the first time as the city of the Alamanni. At this time the franking of the Tauber region began . It continued with Thuringian sprinkles until the 6th century. In 650 the city of Würzburg became the Franconian ducal seat on the Main. The Franconian royal court of Gollhofen (first mentioned in 741 by Karlmann ) became the center of Gollachgau on the occasion of a donation in connection with the foundation of the Würzburg diocese by Bonifatius.

Christianization

The Scottish monks Kilian , Kolonat and Totnan died a martyr's death in 689. In 704 the name Virtheburh appeared for the first time. In 742 Boniface founded a diocese in Würzburg and the later Saint Burkard became the first bishop of Würzburg. In 788 the Würzburg Cathedral was consecrated in the presence of Charlemagne .

First documented traces of settlement

In the year 803 the name of the settlement "Lemmerheim" appeared for the first time. The name of today's Lämmermühle comes from this first settlement center in the Aub area.

After the parish of Sonderhofen had been allocated to the Benedictine monastery of St. Burkard under Bishop Hugo , around 1000, i.e. at the time of Bishop Heinrich I , the Benedictine provosty of Our Lady Münster and Monastery in the Au, the second settlement core of the village, became a Benedictine aristocratic monastery founded.

The Propstei was a branch of the Würzburg Benedictine Abbey of St. Burkard and its spiritual and economic administrative center for the possessions around Aub. It was located below today's Catholic Church of the Assumption of Mary, the former cathedral church, in the area of ​​today's Catholic rectory, the two parish gardens and - across the Kirchsteige - the two houses Hauptstrasse 10 and 12. At the foot of today's Kirchsteige, which at that time did not exist yet, there was only a narrow path east of the parish garden up to the market square, the main gate of the monastery was between Mühlstrasse 4 and the half-timbered house opposite with the fountain (former Latin school). This gate was still called in 1575. When the Würzburg Abbey was converted into a knight's monastery in 1464, the Auber Propstei was dissolved.

King Heinrich II. And his wife Kunigunde gave the Baldersheim area during the Reichstag in Frankfurt in 1009 as a fief to the Bamberg diocese, which had been founded two years earlier at the Imperial Synod in Frankfurt .

In 1136 the Auber Minster Church was rebuilt. In 1156 there was a Reichstag in Würzburg at which Barbarossa married Beatrice of Burgundy. At another Reichstag in Würzburg in 1168, he awarded Bishop Herold and all subsequent Würzburg bishops the title of Franconian duke through the Güldene Freiheit . In 1151 the trade route Venice - Romantic Road - Scandinavia was mentioned for the first time, which could also be covered through Aub on the Rothenburg - Würzburg section.

Under the Hohenlohern as a fiefdom of Bamberg

Not far from Aub, between Langensteinach and Simmershofen , was Hohlach Castle , the ancestral castle after which the Hohenlohe family is still called today.

In 1230 Gottfried and Konrad von Hohenlohe- Brauneck signed an inheritance contract through which the latter became the sole owner of the Reichelsburg . The Counts of Brauneck (ancestral castle of this branch of Hohenlohe was Brauneck Castle) as vassals of the Bamberg Monastery at that time had the profitable right of escort and observed the traffic on the road between Würzburg and Rothenburg from the Reichelsburg. The road was one of the branch lines on the two important trade routes Venice-Lübeck and Paris-Prague. In addition, the Hohenloher (and later the Weinsbergers, after the Hohenlohe died out in 1390) were bailiffs of the provost's office . The Auber Propstei existed until 1464. In the centuries of its existence, the Auber Provosts were often promoted to abbots of the Würzburg monastery.

The Hohenlohe people were very loyal to Friedrich II. The Hohenlohe , especially Gottfried von Hohenlohe during the dispute with Friedrich's son Heinrich VII . Walter von der Vogelweide , sponsored by Friedrich II, probably died in Würzburg in 1230 when Konrad von Würzburg was born.

In 1232 Konrad and Gottfried von Hohenlohe-Brauneck founded Frauental Abbey . In 1234, many Hohenlohe castles were destroyed by rebels. Brauneck and Lichtel were rebuilt, perhaps also the Reichelsburg. It is not known since when the guardians of the monastery had a fortress as a base at the highest point in Aub. Parts of the Romanesque Hohenlohe castle from the 13th century, which reached to the bottom of the moat that still exists on the north side, are the oldest remains of the original castle. The fortress in Awe was first mentioned in writing in a deed of pledge in 1369.

In 1325 Ludwig the Bavarian Aub granted market rights to his followers Ludwig and Godfried III. from Hohenlohe-Brauneck . In 1355, under the impression of the so-called Black Death , the latter donated the Pfründner Hospital, which was converted into a museum and can be visited. The end of the Hohenlohe- Brauneck family was already near. The fact that many male descendants of this gender became spiritual dignitaries may have contributed to this. More than a hundred years earlier, when the brothers Konrad and Gottfried, the followers of Emperor Friedrich II , were at the head of the house, their other three brothers Heinrich, Andreas and Friedrich were clergymen. Heinrich was the seventh German master who became famous as Heinrich von Hohenlohe and probably had the Kunigunden chapel built in the Burgerroth district . His brother Andreas founded the Deutsch-Ordenshaus in Mergentheim and Friedrich was also a member of the Teutonic Order . Even with Konrad and Gottfried, the two secular representatives of the house, the strong connection to the Christian ideals of the Hohenlohe people was expressed: In 1232 they founded the Cistercian convent in Frauental . Knight feuds were frequent in Germany at that time. The Nibelungenlied , whose drama tries to correspond to this eventful time, and Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival were composed only a few decades earlier. But it was also the time when Albertus Magnus was out and Eike von Repgow wrote the Sachsenspiegel .

In the middle of the 14th century, Albrecht and his brother Friedrich were both Prince-Bishops of Würzburg and Bamberg Hohenloher.

In 1369 the Veste Aub was mentioned for the first time in a deed of pledge from Gerlach von Hohenlohe to the Rothenburg citizens Holtschuher and Goltsmit.

Under the Weinsbergers and Baldersheimers as a fiefdom of Würzburg

The terrible time of the 14th century could also be felt in Aub. Shortly before the Black Death began to invade Europe, “King Armleder” had been up to mischief in Aub. Like “ König Rintfleisch ” four decades earlier, he too had set out from Röttingen.

When the Brauneck line of the Hohenlohe family died out in 1390, the widow Anna Countess von Hohenlohe-Brauneck (née von Hohenlohe-Weikersheim) married the realm chamberlain Konrad von Weinsberg in 1396 . Konrad and Anna sold in 1398 one half of Aub its ally, the Knights Canton Odenwald organized Frankish knights Hans Steward of Baldersheim . In 1399, Prince-Bishop Gerhard von Schwarzburg permitted the transfer of the Central Court and the Neck Court to Aub, as Konrad von Weinsberg and Hans von Baldersheim had requested.

Jurisdiction was given by the prince-bishop to the centgrave and was hereditary. In 1521 15 lay judges were mentioned: two from Würzburg, one from Truchseßschen, one from Rosenberg's quarter and others from the surrounding villages of Öllingen, Sechselbach and Gollachostheim.

Judgment day began with a mass. From 1400 there was a prison tower in Harbach, which was expanded to Geyerschlössle in 1704. A truss above the tower burned down in 1945. The food for the prisoners according to precise regulations came from the inn at the Weissen Ross. In the 19th century the prison became a poor house. In 1401 Konrad von Weinsberg was enfeoffed with the Reichelsburg by Prince-Bishop Johann I von Egloffstein , the founder of Bavaria's first university , where his wife Anna (Countess von Hohenlohe-Brauneck) lived.

The Truchseß von Baldersheim were vassals of the Hohenlohe-Brauneck as long as this family existed. When their former feudal lords died out, they had the opportunity to create their own domain, also thanks to their good relationship with their other feudal lord, the Würzburg monastery , which acted as the prince-bishop's legal arm. In the von Hohenlohe family, the Truchseß von Baldersheim held the court office of Truchsess (Latin dapifer ) and over time the official title had become part of the name. The etymological meaning of the word Truchsess comes from the fact that he sat in front of the entourage. Truchsess has roughly the meaning of chairman of the entourage.

City rights and dissolution of the monastery

On January 1, 1404 Aub at the instigation of Hans Steward of Baldersheim and was Konrad von Weinberg from the Roman-German king Rupert of the Rhine , the city charter granted, which Aub from the market town was raised and the right got the village "with mvren vndt to dig ”. In 1436 the city wall with around 15 towers and the Würzburg and Rothenburg gates were completed. The property of Aub was divided: The middle market row between Marktplatz and Hauptstraße and the block of houses between Schloss Aub and Spital initially went to the widow of Fritz Truchseß von Baldersheim, later this area was owned for a short time by the Zobel von Giebelstadt and then became the Rosenbergschen Quarter.

Like the hospital, the settlement area of ​​the Auber Jews (today's Judengasse, Neuertgasse and Hauptstrasse) was in the Rosenberg quarter. The office building of the Rosenbergs was the house with the Pietà, Hauptstrasse No. 9. It was a "Freihaus", so it offered the right of asylum. The ganherrschaftliche jurisdiction of Auber cen- and neck Court therefore ended his front door on the threshold. Even later, under the rule of the Teutonic Order from 1682, the same house was a "German master liberty ". The rest of the area north of today's main street, the market square and Etzelstraße, i.e. the northern part between Würzburger Tor and Rothenburger Tor (roughly between today's Gollachbrücke and Ullrichsturm) remained Weinbergish. In 1464, the Auber Propstei, which was located in the Weinsberg half-section between Hauptstrasse 10/12 and Mühlstrasse 76, across the Steige, was dissolved because the Würzburg Abbey of St. Burkhard, which was superordinate to it, was converted into a knight's monastery.

The castle and the house block between the upper market line and today's Johannes-Böhm-Straße became the “Truchsessviertel”. The houses No. 17 and 19 belonging to the upper market row became the sanctuary of the bishopric . Since the division of 1436, people changed territories three times while walking in what was then Aub.

The von Rosenberg family , who at that time became the owners of the properties sold by the Truchseß, were the fourth family whose fate influenced the history of Aub.

The first town hall was built between 1482 and 1489. It was the crowning glory of the 15th century building work that turned Aub into a walled town. This first town hall was still one-story. Only when it was rebuilt in the same place after the destruction of the Thirty Years War did it get its present size through a son of Konrad von Weinsberg, Philipp the Elder von Weinsberg , who together with the Truchsessen von Baldersheim, the brothers Martin, Georg and Reinhardt, the City Hall built.

In 1493 the same men built the Schenkstatt zum Lamm on the market square. The Weinsberg coat of arms can still be seen above the entrance. However, Philip the Elder lived with his brother, the clergyman Philip the Younger, in the Reichelsburg . Between 1507 and 1521, Philipp the Younger, the last Weinsberger, died, and the Weinsberg half of Aub became Würzburg.

Johannes Böhm was born in 1485 .

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  Coat of arms of the House of Hohenlohe

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  Coat of arms of the Lords of Weinsberg

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  Coat of arms of the Truchseß von Baldersheim family

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  Coat of arms of the von Rosenberg family

Knight wars and peasant wars

As in many places between Goslar and Bern, the 16th century was marked by the events of the Peasants' War and the previous Knight's Wars. "Mvren vndt Graben" offered only limited protection, and in 1523 the town of Aub was attacked by the Swabian Federation in the Franconian War and - like Waldmannshofen Castle - sacked because members of the von Rosenberg family , who were now masters of a quarter of Aub Castle, were with them had made common cause to the robber baron Thomas von Absberg (see also the traveling iron woodcuts from 1523 ). Aub Castle was a Ganerbeburg , the other quarter belonged to the Truchsessen and the half of the Weinberg region has belonged to the Würzburg Monastery since the Weinsbergers died out. Cuntz von Reussenberg is mentioned on the woodcut of the then Aubs; Reussenberg was the spelling of Rosenberg at the time.

Thomas von Absberg is regarded as the epitome of the robber baron , but he was also one of the partisans of Götz von Berlichingen , and his allies besides the Rosenbergs included many other respected Franconian families, including the Aufseß family , and some of the Thüngen family who, on the other hand, provided the then Prince-Bishop ( Konrad II von Thüngen ), who was lord of the bishopric and was on the side of the Swabian League . The ancestors of Karl-Theodor von und zu Guttenberg were allied with Thomas von Absberg.

On April 22, 1525 (Saturday after Easter), the Reichelsburg and Brauneck Castle were looted and destroyed by rebellious peasants in the Peasants' War, so that Georg von Rosenberg, who had lived in the Reichelsburg as bishop of the Würzburg monastery, went to his relative Kunz von Rosenberg ( Cuntz von Reussenberg) moved to Aub Castle , which had been burned two years earlier .

Würzburg Monastery, the Counter Reformation and the Thirty Years War

In 1515 the Truchsessviertel became a Würzburg fiefdom, but the castle remained the seat of the Truchsess. In 1602 the Truchseß family died out from Baldersheim. They had farmed in Aub for over 200 years. Their possessions fell back to their liege lord, the Hochstift Würzburg. The prince-bishop at that time was Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , who had the palace renovated and expanded in the late Renaissance style and rededicated as a hunting lodge. At that time he also renovated the church and the hospital.

Julius Echter was one of the protagonists of the Counter Reformation . But since the Truchseß von Baldersheim and the Rosenbergs had converted to the Lutheran confession, he - Cuius regio, eius religio - could not become active in the counter-Reformation in Aub as long as the Truchseß family still existed. A year after the death of the last Truchseß, Echter became active in Aub.

Nevertheless, there was also a Protestant pastor in Aub for the first time since 1610, because the Rosenbergs, who were now in a minority position when Aub had become three-quarters of the Würzburg Catholic, tried to assert themselves and their creed as the Counter-Reformation found its way into Aub. This first Protestant pastor, Aubs, would be the last until the 19th century, after the Rosenbergs also died out during the Thirty Years' War.

In 1628 the Rosenbergviertel became Würzburg by imperial decree after a victory of the Catholic League in the Thirty Years' War . But after the Peace of Westphalia it fell back to its liege lord, meanwhile the Calvinist Electoral Palatinate , with which the anti-Catholic Rosenbergs were allied. The office of Aub, which the Rosenbergs once held, was converted to the Upper Office of Boxberg after the Peace of Westphalia .

In 1631 Aub Castle was the seat of Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly , a military leader of the Catholic League , when his opponent Gustav Adolf II was sitting in the Marienberg Fortress .

Aub was completely Würzburg since January 11, 1632, after Albert Christoff von Rosenberg died as the last of his family and the castle had reverted to the Würzburg Monastery. The Weinsbergers died out between 1507 and 1521. In 1521 the Bishopric of Würzburg succeeded in acquiring Reichelsburg Castle from Katharina Countess von Königstein, the daughter of Philip the Elder. Ä. von Weinsberg to acquire.

In 1632, Aub was sacked by the Croats and the imperial cavalry and until the end of the Thirty Years War troop contingents came to Aub again and again, for example Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar in 1632 and Wallenstein's general Octavio Piccolomini in 1639 on his march through Franconia. In 1648 at the end of the war, the French soldiers lived in the castle. The following year there were still troops under Carl Gustav Wrangel in the country.

In 1673, during the War of the Palatinate Succession , Aub was looted again and the church treasure stolen when a cavalry regiment of Louis XIV under General Field Marshal Turenne camped near Brauneck. Horses were even kept in living rooms.

After Aub Castle had become obsolete as a residence, it was now owned by the Würzburg Monastery and, in the second half of the 17th century, it functioned as a hotel for the high nobility in transit. The following stayed overnight: Christina of Sweden on the way to Rome, Emperor Leopold I on the way to Frankfurt for the imperial coronation, in January 1689 the Elector of Saxony and also in 1689 Queen Anna of Spain .

Aub property of the Teutonic Order

From 1668 to 1805, Aub was owned by the Teutonic Order . The old synagogue, which was perceived as too big, and its position, directly below the Catholic Church, was a thorn in the side of the Teutonic Order despite the chilling gargoyle that had been looking down on the Jewish quarter from the west choir since the 13th century. In 1743, at the instigation of the order, the smaller so-called New Synagogue was built at the other end of Neuertgasse.

Aub Castle remained in the possession of the Würzburg Monastery. It experienced its hottest time in the course of the 18th century, especially at the time of the hunt-loving Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim , who often stayed there.

In 1793 Karl von Österreich-Teschen traveled through Aub with Austrian troops during the war against the French Republic .

19th century

In 1803 the Teutonic Order lost its possessions as a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . Aub fell to the Electorate of Bavaria in the course of secularization . In 1805, as a result of an exchange of territory agreed in the Peace of Pressburg , Aub came to the Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany and from 1806 belonged to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg created for Ferdinand .

As a result of the dissolution of the Rhine Confederation , the Grand Duchy of Würzburg was also dissolved. As a result, Aub fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria under Maximilian I in 1814. This was sealed by the Congress of Vienna .

In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, self-government came into being with the municipal edict of 1818 . In the Kingdom of Bavaria, Franconia was divided into the administrative districts of Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia in 1837. The influence of the Napoleonic era can still be seen in the division of the administrative districts into circles, whose names were based on river names, as in France.

Incorporations

On July 1, 1976, the previously independent community of Burgerroth was incorporated. Baldersheim was added on May 1, 1978.

Population development

Population development in Aub from 1961 to 2017 according to the table below

• 1961: 1936 inhabitants
• 1970: 1714 inhabitants
• 1987: 1631 inhabitants
• 1991: 1699 inhabitants
• 1995: 1771 inhabitants
• 2000: 1702 inhabitants
• 2005: 1608 inhabitants
• 2010: 1521 inhabitants
• 2015: 1506 inhabitants
• 2016: 1474 inhabitants
• 2017: 1455 inhabitants

politics

Administrative community

The town forms the administrative community of Aub with the market of Gelchsheim and the community of Sonderhofen .

City council

Due to the population of 2019, the city council consists of twelve members (plus the mayor). Since May 1, 2020, the distribution of seats has been as follows:

• CSU / Citizen List: 7 seats,
• Independent citizens : 3 seats and
• Voter community Baldersheim-Burgerroth: 2 seats.

Compared to 2014-2020, the CSU / Citizens' List lost one seat and the Municipal Forum (one seat) is no longer represented on the city council. In return, the Baldersheim-Burgerroth community of voters won two seats.

mayor

Roman Menth (CSU / Bürgerliste) has been mayor since May 1, 2020; he was elected on March 15, 2020 with a voter turnout of 76.9% with 81.5% of the votes. Its predecessors were

• 2002–2020 Robert Melber (CSU / citizen list),
• until 2002 Dietmar Scheid (independent citizen).

coat of arms

	Blazon : "Standing in red in front of a golden flame glory on a silver crescent moon, the blue clad and golden crowned Mother of God, on the right arm the child with the globe, in the left a golden scepter."
	Justification for the coat of arms: Seal impressions with the Madonna from the 15th century have been preserved. They refer to the patroness of the parish church. The motif has not changed to this day, but the colors were uncertain for a long time. A coat of arms from 1864 shows a Madonna dressed in red on a blue background.

Town twinning

• Wrixum on Föhr ( Schleswig-Holstein ), since 1998

Culture and sights

In addition to the town hall , the Marian column , the castle , the Kunigunden chapel and the Reichelsburg , Aub offers numerous other sights . The Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary has a crucifixion group, a masterpiece made around 1510 in the workshop of Tilman Riemenschneider . In the Franconian Hospital Museum you can find out about monastery medicine and the health system and everyday life in medieval Franconia. In some places, Aub is still surrounded by parts of the former city wall, and several stumps of the wall and some completely preserved towers of the once 15 defensive towers can still be visited. On a tour around the 1.4 kilometer long structure and through the alleys of the old town, you can explore a number of worthwhile cityscapes, which consist of remains from the 15th to the 18th century.

The center of the small town is the medieval market square with the fountain and the Marian column in front of the 500-year-old town hall . Behind the town hall is the district called Harbach, through which you get to the Jewish cemetery above the Gollach, where world-famous Jewish family names such as Oppenheimer, Mannheimer and Sichel can be read.

The ruins of the Reichelsburg from the 14th century are located south of Baldersheim .

The Kunigunden chapel is located near Burgerroth . According to a legend, this chapel was built after Empress Kunigunde had three white veils fly in Bamberg and vowed to have a chapel built in honor of the Mother of God at the place where the veils were found. One of the veils got caught in the branches of a then young linden tree, supposedly today's Kunigunden linden tree . In truth, however, the chapel was not built in the time of Kunigundes, but only two centuries later, when the worship of Kunigundis had spread and traditionally consolidated in Bamberg's sphere of influence after Empress Kunigunde had been canonized. It was probably Heinrich von Hohenlohe who had the chapel built.

The parish church of St. Andreas in the OT Burgerroth was built in 1824.

See also : List of architectural monuments in Aub

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  View from 1523

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  The market square seen from the town hall

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  House entrance on the market square from the real time

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  Marketplace

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  city ​​wall

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  Dilapidated defense tower

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  Defense tower of the city wall

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  Aub Castle

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  Keep of Aub Castle

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  Castle and church tower behind the city wall

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  Coat of arms at the hospital, in the center Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , on the left Truchseß von Baldersheim , on the right the von Rosenberg family

Jewish community

Beginnings

The first immigration of Jews to Lower Franconia is said to have taken place in the 11th century, the heyday of the Jewish communities in Würzburg and Rothenburg was the 13th century, the time of Meir von Rothenburg , and it ended in 1298 with the rint meat pogrom that started in Röttingen . The first documented mention of Jewish residents in Aub comes from this year and is in the martyrology of the Nuremberg Memorbuch, where Aub is named among the `` blood places '' in connection with the Rintfleisch pogrom. As partisans of Frederick II, the Hohenlohe people benefited from the Jewish shelf . All the blood places of the Armleder pogrom were the seat of power for the Hohenloher family.

But the presence of the Jews in Aub of course goes back much further into the past, although the oldest evidence of their presence below the Fronveste is a former gargoyle on the west choir of the Catholic Church, which also dates from the second half of the 13th century. He looks down on the Jewish quarter and depicts a bearded man in a Jewish pointed hat, whose painful face is framed by the claws of a big cat. Most of the almost 200 Jewish communities that existed in Bavaria in 1933 were in Central and Lower Franconia. It is also no coincidence that Löb Strauss , Abraham Löw Lehmann and Marcus Goldman came from Franconia. In 1939 the Jewish community of Aubs, which, according to the current state of knowledge, had probably lasted for at least 650 years without significant interruptions, came to an end.

Time of the Thirty Years War and after

Because of the very complex rulership structure in Aub, the attitude towards the Jews there had been liberal enough over the centuries to guarantee their permanent settlement. The Auber community, which had had its own cemetery since 1630, continued to exist when Johann Philipp von Schönborn decided in 1643 to finally expel all Jews from Würzburg. Jews had settled in Aub again and again because two of the side routes crossed there in the south-north and west-east direction, connecting Lübeck with Venice and Prague with Paris and therefore many traders passing through also came through Aub. A very wealthy Jew by the name of Isaac Juda built house number 15 on the market in 1719, the facade of which is decorated with a house Madonna from the 16th century, which was only installed there in 1948.

Synagogues

The building of the old synagogue , which served the community until 1743, is still on the corner of Hauptstrasse and Neuertgasse. It has existed since at least the 16th century. In 1742 his position, directly below the Catholic Church, was challenged by the Teutonic Order , to which Aub had belonged since 1668. It was also probably felt to be too big. In the description from 1742 it is described as "very spacious", with a side entrance, closed courtyard and cellar. As a result of the complaint, the so-called New Synagogue was built at the other end of Neuertgasse the following year. Even before this new building was built, the old mikvah was located there , which was fed by a small well. This old mikvah kept its place in the garden behind it even after the construction of the New Synagogue. It was only when the high city walls lost their defensive character during the first half of the 19th century, as everywhere in Europe, that the mikveh was relocated to the Gollach below Mühlstrasse, where the "Mang", the former public washing area, a little west of house number 33, the former medieval bathhouse, now a private apartment. The monastery mill, from which the Mühlstrasse owes its name, was located in the same place in the Middle Ages.

Old Synagogue in Aub in 2013

The New Synagogue was very simply furnished, but kept a valuable Torah curtain from 1669 with baroque embroidery and an ornate, silver seder frame. Both have been lost since the pogrom of 1938. Families used to go there to pray every Friday. The city had its last rabbi until 1851. The synagogue was also used as a school for religious instruction with Abraham Kannenmacher as a religion teacher. Today the New Synagogue is a private residence.

Between 20 and 30 Jewish and Christian children attended the school. The Jews got the holidays according to the Jewish calendar, the Christians according to the Christian one. From 1938 onwards, Jewish children were no longer allowed to go to school.

time of the nationalsocialism

Until the 20th century, the Jews contributed to the city's prosperity as cattle and goods traders. At the end of the 19th century, over ten percent of the Auber population was Jewish. After the victory of the NSDAP in the Reichstag election in March 1933 , everyday Jewish life in Aub was increasingly exposed to the pressure of anti-Jewish sentiments. In association chronicles and other records, for example, one can read that after 1933 even honorary membership of deserving Jewish association members was deleted, and membership of Jews in associations and associations was generally no longer desired. The consequence of this policy of exclusion was the departure and emigration of various community members. According to the population statistics of the city of Aub on February 1, 1933, there were 71 people of Jewish faith, but by 1937 their number had decreased to 52.

The November pogrom of 1938 in Aub took place one day late, but was still no less cruel than what had happened throughout Germany during the night of the previous day. The events in Aub were part of a general action planned and carried out by the SA in the district of Ochsenfurt. SA men equipped with firearms and sticks drove to Aub in trucks in the evening to meet with local party members. With embarrassing, relentless thoroughness they went through every Jewish property, opened the front doors, destroyed all furnishings and appropriated the valuables. After the horrors of this second pogrom night, the next morning the long strips of two rolled-out Torah scrolls lay on the steps of the path below the Catholic Church.

These attacks caused the final departure of the Auber Jews. The total number of Jewish community members shrank rapidly, the isolation of each individual increased more and more since many decided to move to larger Jewish communities. The elderly were the last to leave Aub until July 21, 1939. Their new homes were Würzburg, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz and Frankfurt am Main. Since then, there are no more residents of the Jewish faith in Aub.

Traces of Jewish life

The respected Kannenmacher family lived in the magnificent house from the Echterzeit , house number 19 on the market. The stone surface of the right archway shows where the mezuzah was. Most of the other Auber Jews lived in the Jewish quarter, which has probably existed since the Hohenlohe era. It consisted of the so-called Judengasse (formerly Obere Judengasse) and Neuertgasse (formerly Untere Judengasse) and the section of the main street connecting the two streets. Opposite the Old Synagogue is a half-timbered house with the house number 19, which bears the year 1677 and whose facade beams form a Star of David in the middle of the gable. It's easy to miss because two small attic windows obscure the top of this star. This house was owned for a long time by a very wealthy Jew named Cussel. The big star is easy to see if you stand in front of the church below the anti-Jewish, over 700 year old gargoyle, which looks down on the Jewish quarter from the west choir of the church. Seen from there, the star acts like a protective, disastrous shield.

Among other things, the former slaughter was located in the Obere Judengasse. Before that, stumbling blocks were placed in memory of the Fleischmann family.

Jewish Cemetery

The New Jewish Cemetery was established in 1888. Some of the gravestones from the previous cemetery were built into the western wall, and some of the old graves remained unchanged. The grave of Senta Kannenmacher's grandfather Aaron Rosenfeld is also there. There are also gravestones that only show the place of death of those who died as soldiers of the imperial army during World War I.

economy

Jobs

In 2017 there were 409 jobs subject to social security contributions in the municipality. Of the resident population, 597 people were in an employment relationship subject to compulsory insurance. This means that the number of out-commuters was 188 more than that of in-commuters. 21 residents were unemployed.

Agriculture

According to the official statistics from 2016, there were 30 farms.

traffic

The area is crossed by the state roads St2269 and St1003. The Franconian Marienweg runs through Aub .

education

In the city there are (as of 2018):

• two day-care centers with 65 approved places and 40 children
• an elementary school with four teachers, four classes and 68 students.

Personalities

• Johannes Böhm (* around 1485 in Aub, † around 1533/1535 probably in Rothenburg ob der Tauber), German humanist
• Elias Adam Papius (1722–1777 / 78), physicist in Königshofen , among other things professor of botany and prince-bishop's personal physician as well as dean in Würzburg
• Johann Adam Schmidt (1759–1809), physician to Ludwig van Beethoven
• Kaspar Bausewein (born November 15, 1838 in Aub; † November 18, 1903 in Munich), singer at the Munich Court Opera
• Konrad Hoos (born July 9, 1892 in Baldersheim; † May 20, 1982 in Aschaffenburg), priest, clergyman, professor, honorary citizen of Baldersheim
• Helmut Merklein (1940–1999), Catholic biblical scholar
• Max Aub (1903–1972) himself was not from Aub, but like Rabbi Joseph Aub , he is the descendant of Abraham Meyer from Aub, who in the middle of the 18th century took the name of his former hometown as a family name.

literature

• D. Geißendörfer, K. Hochgeschwender: Guide through Aub with a short chronicle. Aub 1931.
• Konrad Hoos: Baldersheim in the Ochsenfurt Gau. A look back at its history. Weltz book and offset printing company, Ochsenfurt 1972.
• Georg Menth: City of Aub: Baldersheim, Burgerroth. Wolfratshausen: Aubanusverlag, 1988. ISBN 3-924178-05-4 .
• Anton Ott: The Catholic Church in Aub (Lower Franconia: Tilman Riemenschneider). Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1940.

See also

• Groot Aub (Gross Aub) in Namibia

Web links

Commons : Aub  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Aub in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Homepage
• Baldersheim district
• Franconian Hospital Museum Aub
• Entry on the coat of arms of Aub  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• History of the Jews in Aub
• Germany, Israel and Aub
• Aub Jewish cemetery
• History of the Jews in Franconia
• The Truchsess von Baldersheim (1284 - 1602) ( Memento from May 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 93 kB)
• In the footsteps of the Lords of Weinsberg
• The noble family Weinsberg
• Aub: Official statistics of the LfStat (PDF; 1.05 MB)
• Johann Michael Joseph van der Auwera
• Johann Georg Auwera
• Johann Michael Josef Auwera
• Franz Auwera
• Information and picture galleries about the city of Aub

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ^ City of Aub: City Council. Retrieved May 16, 2020 . 
3. ^ City of Aub in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on July 6, 2020.
4. ↑ For the presentation of the history of Aub, the starting point was Lower Franconian History - Vol. 1. From the Germanic conquest to the high Middle Ages, ed. by Peter Kolb and Ernst-Günter Krenig, 1989 - ISBN 3-429-01263-5 and Georg Menth's book Stadt Aub: Baldersheim, Burgerroth, Wolfratshausen - published by Aubanusverlag, 1988 - ISBN 3-924178-05-4 . Further information was obtained from research on related pages on Wikipedia, as can be seen from the links.
5. ↑ Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, Art. 44: Orders relating to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg and the Principality of Aschaffenburg, in favor of Bavaria . In: Allgemeine Zeitung , No. 115 of September 26, 1815, p. 456.
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 755 and 756 .
7. ↑ City Council as of 2020 , accessed on July 6, 2020
8. ^ Entry on Aub's coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on September 8, 2017 .
9. ↑ Beethoven's Doctors, overview in English