Reichelsburg

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Reichelsburg
The Reichelsburg from the west

The Reichelsburg from the west

Alternative name (s): Reichelsberg Castle
Creation time : 14th Century
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: ruin
Place: Aub - Baldersheim
Geographical location 49 ° 32 '47.3 "  N , 10 ° 3' 3.3"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 32 '47.3 "  N , 10 ° 3' 3.3"  E
Height: 300  m above sea level NN
Reichelsburg (Bavaria)
Reichelsburg
patio

The Reichelsburg , also called Reichelsberg Castle , is the ruin of a late medieval hilltop castle of the Würzburg bishopric . It is located near the village Baldersheim in the district of Würzburg in Bavaria, which today belongs to the city of Aub .

Geographical location

The ruin of the Spornburg lies at 300  m above sea level. NN south of the place Baldersheim, above the Gollach at the western end of a rather flat ridge extending in a west-east direction. The Reichelsburg is only a little, but clearly above the Gollach valley. So it is not a moated castle, but also not a "real" hilltop castle.

history

Moat
Keep

Reichelsberg Castle was first mentioned as "Reigirberc" around 1230 as the property of the brothers Gottfried and Konrad von Hohenlohe-Brauneck , whose ancestral seat Burg Brauneck was six kilometers south of Aub and is still partially preserved. The castle mentioned in 1230 is probably a predecessor of the current castle ruins. The bishopric of Bamberg was the liege lender of the Reichelsberg lordship, which included the towns of Baldersheim, Burgerroth (both today in Aub ), Bieberehren and Buch (today in Bieberehren) in addition to the fortress . In 1338 Gottfried III. von Hohenlohe-Brauneck and his wife Margareta built a chapel on Reygerberch . In 1390, with the death of Konrad IV, the Hohenlohe-Brauneck line, to which Creglingen and the "six main villages" around Obernbreit / Marktsteft belonged, went out. The Bamberg Monastery withdrew the fief and exchanged it for other goods with the Würzburg Monastery .

In 1401, the Imperial Chamberlain, Konrad von Weinsberg, received Reichelsberg as a fief from Würzburg Bishop Johann von Egloffstein , who had married Anna von Hohenlohe-Brauneck, the widow of Conrad IV., In 1396. In 1425 there were four cannons ("Klotzbüchsen") on the Reichelsburg.

After Konrad von Weinsberg's death in 1448, he was followed by his sons Philipp the Elder. Ä. (also he Imperial Treasurer) and Philipp d. J. (a clergyman), who both lived together at the Reichelsburg. Under the rule of Philip the Elder Ä. Reinhardt Truchsess von Baldersheim became bailiff at the Reichelsburg in 1477. In the 15th century, the Weinsberg ruled the small town of Aub along with the Truchsessen and at times the Rosenberg. After the lords of Weinsberg died out in the male line, the castle passed to the daughter of Philip the Elder. Ä., Countess Katharina von Königstein, who sold the Weinberg part of the Reichelsburg in 1521 for 49,000 guilders to Prince-Bishop Konrad von Thüngen . From 1521 the castle belonged entirely to the Würzburg monastery; it was no longer awarded, but occupied by Georg von Rosenberg as bailiff of the bishopric. On April 22, 1525 (Saturday after Easter) the Reichelsburg, like Brauneck Castle, was plundered and partially destroyed by rebellious farmers in the Peasants' War, so that Georg von Rosenberg moved to Aub Castle . The castle was later partially restored and still inhabited, but had lost its importance. In 1669 the Reichelsberg office was dissolved, and in the early 18th century it fell to the barons of Schönborn as a fief . However, that was only the award of a title. The Schönborn never owned anything in the Reichelsburg / Aub area.

From around 1750 the Reichelsburg was no longer inhabited and fell into disrepair. In the first half of the 19th century, the reasonably well-preserved castle was gradually demolished by the residents of the surrounding towns, who used the stones to build their own buildings. Protests against it had no effect. It was not until 1900 that the Aub beautification association, founded 15 years earlier, set about securing and preparing the ruins. At the expense of the Bavarian state of danger of collapse keep the wells were 1905 to 1907 secured and provided with a wooden interior staircase, high bricked again, recreated a eingebrochener cellar and eliminate large amounts of debris, some of which the construction of the Gaubahn of Ochsenfurt by Röttingen use found. Smaller work was done until 1910, then almost nothing changed in the condition of the ruin for decades. It was not until the 1960s that orders were placed again to fortify the walls. In 1986 the wooden staircase in the keep was replaced by a metal staircase. In 2000, a new access bridge, the "Truchsessbrücke" (named after the Truchsessen von Baldersheim, who were bailiffs at the castle and sat for decades in Auber Castle), was built on the foundations of the earlier drawbridge.

Todays use

In the 1950s, clubs from Aub organized festivals at the Reichelsburg. In connection with these festivals, the first Reichelsburg Festival of the Baldersheim-Burgerroth music community took place in 1996 , which has been held annually since then. The music community takes care of the renovation and maintenance of the castle ruins in cooperation with the state authorities and had the new bridge built in 2000.

description

The rectangular core of the castle is enclosed by an irregular kennel wall that originally had eight flanking towers . One of the towers to the north of the wall has completely disappeared, remains of the others are still there. The kennel wall is surrounded by a 10 to 15 meter wide and eight meter deep ring trench , in front of which there is an earth wall in the east.

The access road to the castle led up the hill from the west and overcame the moat with a drawbridge . The main castle was a regular square measuring 42 by 33 meters, the walls were two meters thick. On the east side there was a ten meter high shield wall with a 23.50 meter high keep , whose walls are 2.50 meters thick. Some of the buildings around the inner courtyard had a cellar, some cellars are still accessible. There was a stair tower on the northeast side of the inner courtyard, and a 15-meter-deep brick fountain has been preserved in the courtyard .

The oldest parts of the castle, which have been rebuilt several times, date back to the 14th century, the youngest components date from the 15th or early 16th century. In front of the castle grounds there are still remnants of a predecessor complex in the west, a simple tower hill castle (Motte), which was ring-shaped with a rampart and moat.

literature

  • Georg Menth: City of Aub: Baldersheim, Burgerroth . Aubanusverlag, Wolfratshausen 1988, ISBN 3-924178-05-4 .
  • Ursula Pfistermeister : Defensive Franconia. Volume 2: Castles, fortified churches, city walls around Würzburg . Hans Carl Verlag, Nuremberg 2001, ISBN 3-418-00386-9 , pp. 23-24.

Web links

Commons : Reichelsburg  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Raigelsperg in the Topographia Franconiae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts