Burgstall Kleinochsenfurt

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Burgstall Kleinochsenfurt
Creation time : Probably at the end of the 12th century
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: Castle stable, neck ditch, a hillside ditch and a rampart that has been placed in front of it
Place: Ochsenfurt -Kleinochsenfurt-Waldflur "Burgstall"
Geographical location 49 ° 40 '59.4 "  N , 10 ° 3' 4.1"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 40 '59.4 "  N , 10 ° 3' 4.1"  E
Height: 240  m above sea level NHN
Burgstall Kleinochsenfurt (Bavaria)
Burgstall Kleinochsenfurt

The Postal Kleinochsenfurt is an Outbound medieval Spur castle directly above the valley of Rappertsmühlbaches, about 1,100 meters north of the Catholic parish church Maria Schnee in Kleinochsenfurt , a modern suburb of Ochsenfurt in the Lower Franconian district of Würzburg in Bavaria . Only a neck ditch , a slope ditch and a walled rampart have survived from the complex on a mountain tongue .

history

No historical or archaeological information is known about this castle, it is roughly dated as medieval, and due to its spur location, it was built at the end of the 12th century. It was probably the seat of the local nobility of Kleinochsenfurt. The place was owned by the Kitzingen monastery , which passed it on as a fief to the Lords of Hohenlohe . In 1327 Heinrich von Hohenlohe sold a third of the Vogtei of Kleinochsenfurt to the cathedral chapter of Würzburg for 300 pounds of Heller , but the Kitzingen monastery did not confirm the sale until 1337. The Burgstall was first mentioned in 1367/68, when Apel Buman and Dietrich Oberer owned lands at the Burgstall ( dictus Burgstal ). The Buman family probably belonged to the lower nobility, they had several estates around the place. In 1397, the cathedral chapter received all of the monastery's fiefs from the Bamberg diocese . Why the castle was abandoned is not known.

The castle site was examined in 1916 and 1918, and the finds from the Middle Ages ended up in the Main Franconian Museum in Würzburg .

The castle site, which is now wooded, is protected as ground monument number D-6-6326-0103: "Settlement of the Bronze Age and medieval castle stables".

description

The castle site in the spur is at an altitude of about 240  m above sea level. NN on a mountain tongue directed to the southwest, which protrudes into the valley of the Rappertsmühlbach flowing past to the west and into a small dry valley, the Ochsental, in the south and southeast. The irregularly oval, almost circular area of ​​the castle grounds has a diameter of around 65 meters. On the west, south and south-east sides, this is naturally well protected by the moderately steep slope of the terrain and therefore only had to be protected slightly. Only the north-east side of the castle, which rose slightly to the adjacent Muschelkalk plateau, had to be reinforced. For this purpose, an arched neck ditch was created on this side , which cuts the system off from the area in front and is still five meters wide and 1.5 meters deep. At its two ends at the respective edge of the terrain, this ditch merges into a slope ditch that runs around the entire castle stable on the mountain top. It is only very shallow and is still about three to four meters wide. The entire inner surface of the castle is surrounded by a wall, probably the rest of the ruined curtain wall . The height of this wall is around 0.3 to 0.4 meters measured from the inside, on the endangered northeast side it reaches an inner height of 1.7 meters. To the outside, the rampart falls about three meters to the ditch. The earlier access to the castle was in the middle of the northeast side of the complex, here the rampart is interrupted over a length of five meters, and the neck ditch is also filled there just as wide. As additional protection, a horseshoe-shaped rampart is placed north-east of the entrance to the gate immediately outside the neck ditch, it still reaches a height of 0.5 meters.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
  2. ↑ Joachim Dittrich: Castle ruins in Lower Franconia around Würzburg , p. 105
  3. ^ Source history: Joachim Dittrich: Castle ruins in Lower Franconia around Würzburg , p. 105 f.
  4. ↑ Björn-Uwe Abels: The prehistoric and prehistoric terrain monuments of Lower Franconia , p. 194
  5. ↑ List of monuments for Ochsenfurt (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (PDF; 213 kB)
  6. ^ Location of the Burgstall in the Bavarian Monument Atlas
  7. ↑ Source description: Björn-Uwe Abels: The prehistoric and early historical terrain monuments of Lower Franconia , p. 194