Guttenberg Castle Stables

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Guttenberg Castle Stables
Alternative name (s): Old castle, Guttenberg ruin
Creation time : First mentioned in 1231
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: Castle stable, small remains of walls and moats
Place: Guttenberg Forest
Geographical location 49 ° 44 '0.6 "  N , 9 ° 52' 35.8"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 44 '0.6 "  N , 9 ° 52' 35.8"  E
Height: 340  m above sea level NHN
Burgstall Guttenberg (Bavaria)
Guttenberg Castle Stables

The Guttenberg Castle Stable , also known as the Old Castle or Guttenberg Ruin in the present day , is an abandoned medieval hilltop castle in the community-free Guttenberger Forest above the road between Kist and Reichenberg in the Würzburg district in Bavaria .

Guttenberg Castle was built by the Würzburg Monastery against the Mainz Archbishopric , whose territory extended to Kist. The facility must not be confused with the nearby Guttenberg tower .

history

The castle was first mentioned in 1231 with the knight Heinrich von Zobel , who later called himself Heinrich von Guttenberg. In 1303 the castle was divided into several fiefs . The episcopal fief is fixed in writing:

Andreas Zobel von Heidingsfeld, 1 part
Friedrich Zobel von Giebelstadt and Heinrich Zobel von Heidingsfeld, together 1 part
Ritter Friedrich Zobel, 1 part
Edelknecht Otto and Friedrich Zobel, together 1 part

In 1306/07, Vogt Götz von Rettersbach, who was by marriage, received half a share in the castle, and in 1319 the knights Conrad and Heinrich Zobel together had a share in the castle. In 1327 the brothers Dietrich Zobel von Guttenberg and Berthold Zobel von Heidingsfeld became fiefdom owners of the castle. From 1336 to 1347 Andreas Zobel junior von Heidingsfeld is named as a part owner of the castle, with Johann Zobel von Giebelstadt and Heinrich Zobel also being co-owners in 1345. From 1347 Konrad Zobel and the brothers Andreas junior and Friedrich Zobel are the owners of the castle, and in 1349 knight Dietrich Zobel von Guttenberg takes over his brother Friedrich's share of the castle in addition to his own. In 1366 nobleman Johannes Zobel received the castle share from his father of the same name and in 1384 Erbolt Zobel von Giebelstadt owned a share in the castle.

In the 15th century, members of the Guttenberg line were enfeoffed with the castle with shares, mostly a quarter and an eighth. In 1502 Stephan Zobel zu Giebelstadt sold his stake in the castle, half of the castle, with 1500 acres of forest for 3000 guilders, and in 1515 the sons of the late Georg Zobel sold the other half of the castle, which after the complete sale became the property of Würzburg. In 1525 the castle was destroyed during the peasant war.

description

The small and only one-piece castle site is located at about 340  m above sea level. NHN height on the Alter Schlossberg and thus around 50  meters above the valley floor of a creek that only flows periodically. The Alte Schlossberg is a mountain spur directed to the east-northeast, which only on its west-south-west side easily reaches its summit of 370  m above sea level. NHN rises, the remaining sides drop partly steeply to the valley. The complex was naturally well protected against approach on three sides, only to the west-southwest a stronger fortification had to be created.

The core castle , measuring 30 meters from north to south and 20 meters in east-west direction, forms a kidney-shaped surface and lies on a steep-walled, tower-like elevation. Except for the northeast side, this hill is surrounded by a ring trench , the difference in height between the bottom of the trench and the hill plateau is about five meters. The roughly ten-meter-wide ditch stretches from the northern slope edge to the south, and runs around the west, south and partly east sides of the core hill. Then it runs a few meters down the mountain slope. A slope edge a few meters away is presented to the northern part of the east side of the core hill. Another clearly man-made slope edge is located further down on the northeast side of the hill at altitude 330 meters, which starts in the mountain slope, runs with the contour line to the south and then meets the foothills of the trench, forming a bulge to the east immediately in front of the trench .

A 75 meter long and slightly outwardly curved rampart is placed in front of the ring moat in the west and south-west. This still reaches a height between the crest of the wall and the bottom of the trench of five meters, its width is also five meters. A 25-meter-wide, slightly convex outer ditch is in front of the wall, which joins the inner ditch at its north end and ends at the edge of the slope in the south without meeting the inner ditch. The southern half of the outer ditch is also exposed to a wall that is only very flat today and is still four meters wide. On the southern mountain slope just below the inner rampart an oval depression can be seen, the purpose of which is not known.

Only very few structural remains have survived; the remains of a brick gate are still visible below the northeast corner of the hill plateau. On the plateau there are few remains of masonry from a square structure made of rubble masonry; There is also a vault in this tower-shaped building. The Bering is still easy to track.

The complex is protected as a ground monument with the monument number D-6-6225-0189 "Castle Stables of the High and Late Middle Ages" and as an architectural monument with the monument number D-6-79-452-1 "Castle ruins Guttenberg".

literature

  • Joachim Dittrich: Castle ruins in Lower Franconia - around Würzburg . Verlag Michaela Neumann, Nidderau 2006, ISBN 3-936622-74-4 , pp. 111-126.
  • Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages - floor plan lexicon . Special edition. Flechsig Verlag, Würzburg 2000, ISBN 3-88189-360-1 , p. 237.
  • Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Hrsg.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments, Volume 27: Würzburg - Karlstadt - Iphofen - Schweinfurt . Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 1977, pp. 174-175.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ History Castle Guttenberg at burgenwelt.de
  2. ^ Location of the Burgstall in the Bavarian Monument Atlas
  3. ↑ Source description up to this point: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments, Volume 27: Würzburg - Karlstadt - Iphofen - Schweinfurt , p. 174 f.
  4. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
  5. ^ Bavarian list of monuments: Würzburg: Guttenberger Wald ; accessed on August 13, 2017.