Gollach

	Gollach
	The Gollach near Aub-Baldersheim
	Data
Water code	EN : 2462
location	Bavaria Middle Franconia Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district Lower Franconia Würzburg district
River system	Rhine
Drain over	Tauber → Main → Rhine → North Sea
source	between the Markt Nordheimer districts Herbolzheim and Ulsenheim on the southwestern edge of the Steigerwald ; 49 ° 33 ′ 34 ″ N , 10 ° 18 ′ 43 ″ E
Source height	337.6 m above sea level NN
muzzle	in Bieberehren from the right and overall approximately east in the middle Tauber coordinates: 49 ° 31 '14 " N , 10 ° 0' 2" E 49 ° 31 '14 " N , 10 ° 0' 2" E;
Mouth height	approx. 245 m above sea level NN
Height difference	approx. 92.6 m
Bottom slope	approx. 2.8 ‰
length	33.6 km
Catchment area	164.53 km²
Small towns	Uffenheim , Aub
Communities	Market Nordheim , Gollhofen , Hemmersheim , Bieberehren
	Ford over the Gollach on the Bavarian-Württemberg border between Burgerroth and Waldmannshofen .

The Gollach (in East Franconian dialect "Golch") is a right tributary of the Tauber in Central and Lower Franconia. Coming from the edge of the Steigerwald , it flows through the fertile, arable Gollachgau landscape from east to west as a central flowing water in a wide valley heritage . Closer to the receiving water in the relatively low-lying Taubertal, the Gollach cuts more strongly into the landscape and forms a more distinctive valley, the Gollach valley.

geography

course

The Gollach is almost 34 km long and arises at an altitude of 337.6 m above sea level. NHN in the area of a barely visible valley watershed between Herbolzheim and Ulsenheim on the southwestern edge of the Steigerwald at 337.6 m .

It flows in a westerly direction through the gently undulating, intensively agriculturally used Gollachgau past Ulsenheim ( Markt Nordheim ), the small town of Uffenheim and the towns of Gollachostheim ( Gollhofen ), Lipprichhausen (Hemmersheim) and Hemmersheim . After the small town of Aub , the Gollach turns in a south-westerly direction and cuts deeply into the surroundings.

Finally it joins the Tauber at 244 m from the right in Bieberehren .

Its 33.6 km long run ends 92.6 meters below its source, so it has an average bed gradient of 2.8 ‰.

Catchment area

The catchment area covers 163 square kilometers. In the north it borders on the drainage areas of smaller left tributaries of the Main , in particular the Thierbach and the Breitbach . In the east, the more important Aisch runs in the opposite direction to the Regnitz and over this then also to the Main. The smaller Steinach competes in the south and flows into the Tauber just above the Gollach.

River systems

Geology and morphology

The Gollach rises in the clayey layers of the Gipskeupers . In Gollachgau, it cuts the clayey, marl-like Unterkeuper . At Aub it begins to cut deeply into the hard limestones of the shell limestone . The different rock properties are clearly reflected in the shape of the valley. In the Uffenheim area, the layer package bulges slightly (Uffenheimer saddle). Since rocks of the shell limestone are cut locally, the valley is also briefly more pronounced here.

Flora and fauna

The Gollach has become a clean flowing water again. Over 20 species of fish have their habitat here. These include the crucian carp and the pike . The river provides a habitat for many fish species, as it is uneven in many places and has little impact from agriculture.

history

Already in Carolingian times (9th / 10th century) the Gollach gave a Franconian district its name, the Gollachgau with the "Königshof" Gollhofen as the assumed center. Whether the term was used as a landscape name or only in the 18th / 19th centuries. Was "rediscovered" in the 19th century is unclear and should be investigated. In any case, people have been talking about the Gollachgau (again) since the 19th century. Its center is the former margrave town of Uffenheim, until 1972 the seat of a Bavarian district.

Individual evidence

All area and length information after measurements on a topographic map 1: 50,000.

↑ Height queried (with a right click) on the BayernAtlas. See the → web links .
↑ ^a ^b List of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 136 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB)
↑ Bavarian flood news service (as of September 6, 2011)
↑ Bavarian Geological State Office (ed.), 1996: Geological map of Bavaria 1: 500,000. 4. rework. Ed., Munich.
↑ Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt (Ed.), 1976: Geological map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 sheet No. 6327/6427, Markt Einersheim / Uffenheim, explanations. By Hellmut Haunschild.
↑ Kunigunden Chapel | Environment friends Würzburg - Ochsenfurt. Accessed December 30, 2019 .
^ Elisabeth Fuchshuber: Historical book of place names of Bavaria , Volume Uffenheim, Munich 1982.

Web links

Commons : Gollach - collection of images, videos and audio files

Level at Bieberehren, HND Bavaria
West course of the Gollach from Ursenheim to Bieberehren on: BayernAtlas of the Bavarian State Government ( information )

[BV-abgefragt-Höhe-1] Height queried (with a right click) on the BayernAtlas. See the → web links .

[DE-BY_GV24136-2] List of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 136 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB)

[3] Bavarian flood news service (as of September 6, 2011)

[4] Bavarian Geological State Office (ed.), 1996: Geological map of Bavaria 1: 500,000. 4. rework. Ed., Munich.

[5] Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt (Ed.), 1976: Geological map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 sheet No. 6327/6427, Markt Einersheim / Uffenheim, explanations. By Hellmut Haunschild.

[6] Kunigunden Chapel | Environment friends Würzburg - Ochsenfurt. Accessed December 30, 2019 .

[7] Elisabeth Fuchshuber: Historical book of place names of Bavaria , Volume Uffenheim, Munich 1982.