Aisch
Aisch | ||
The Aisch near Adelsdorf |
||
Data | ||
Water code | EN : 2428 | |
location |
|
|
River system | Rhine | |
Drain over | Regnitz → Main → Rhine → North Sea | |
source | at Schwebheim 49 ° 28 ′ 27 ″ N , 10 ° 21 ′ 9 ″ E |
|
Source height | 319 m above sea level NHN | |
muzzle | near Trailsdorf in the Regnitz coordinates: 49 ° 46 '53 " N , 11 ° 0' 32" E 49 ° 46 '53 " N , 11 ° 0' 32" E |
|
Mouth height | 244 m above sea level NHN | |
Height difference | 75 m | |
Bottom slope | 0.9 ‰ | |
length | 83 km | |
Catchment area | 1,006.8 km² | |
Discharge at the Laufermühle A Eo gauge: 956.04 km² Location: 13 km above the mouth |
NNQ MNQ MQ Mq MHQ HHQ (1941) |
300 l / s 1.39 m³ / s 4.84 m³ / s 5.1 l / (s km²) 64.3 m³ / s 360 m³ / s |
The Aisch is an almost 83 km long left and southwest tributary of the Regnitz in Central and Upper Franconia .
Surname
It was wrongly assumed that the origin of the name Aisch (Carolingian Eisce and Eisge , in a document from 1129 Aisca ) in its original connotation means rich in fish . The actual etymology of the name as the clear one gets by comparing it with Lithuanian áiškus for clear . In the 17th and 18th centuries the body of water was also written "Aysch".
geography
Aischquelle
The Aisch rises about one and a quarter kilometers south of the center of Schwebheim and about five kilometers southwest of Bad Windsheim from a gypsum karst spring . About 600 m after the intersection of the B 13 Marktbergel – Schwebheim with the B 470 there is a parking bay on the B 13, from which the Aisch spring is only about 50 m away. There are further source outlets around this. The source is identified by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as geotope 575Q003, see also the list of geotopes in the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim .
In January 2020, the district office Neustadt an der Aisch / Bad Windsheim determined that the source of the Aisch had dried up after the steep decline in the previous year. A water level probe was attached for measurement. The reasons for this have not yet been clarified.
course
In Illesheim the Aisch flows after about 2 km into the almost 15 km long Ens , which is often viewed as the upper course due to its greater length. The Aisch is directed in Bad Windsheim by the Franconian Open Air Museum and flows via Neustadt an der Aisch and Höchstadt an der Aisch near Trailsdorf (north of Forchheim ) into the Regnitz.
It finally opens at an altitude of about 244 m above sea level. NHN near Trailsdorf from the southwest and left into the Regnitz.
Its 83 km long run ends 75 meters below its source, so it has an average bed gradient of 0.9 ‰.
Tributaries
Table of the inflows from the source down. Length and catchment area according to the official list of waters or according to the BayernAtlas, heights on this queried. |
Location information for the mouth relative to the mouth and the Aisch: |
---|
up = upwards, in = in, downwards. = downward, vs. = opposite, at = at, n.0. = next place |
Location information for the source relative to the source location and the inflow: |
up = up, in = in, at = at, n.0. = next place |
Selection. For comparison with the Aisch itself.
Surname | GKZ | location | Length in km |
EZG in km² |
Mouth | Mouth height in m above sea level NHN |
Source location | Source height in m above sea level NHN |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lobster's Trench | 242811 ... | right | approx. | 6.6approx. | 19.4Illesheim - Aischmühle dev. | 317 | Marktbergel - Munasiedlung n.O. | 446 | with upper course from Nutzbach ; at the mouth much longer and richer in catchment area than the Aisch |
Ottenbach / Ainbach | 242812 | Left | approx. | 15.957.3 | Illesheim opposite. | 314 | Steinsfeld - Urphershofen asc. | 483 | The main line includes the longer upper course Ens , for which the source is also named; in any case much longer at the mouth than the Aisch |
Scheckenbach | 242813… | right | approx. | 4.3approx. | 18.0Illesheim- Gackenmühle at | 312 | Illesheim- Illesheim at | 338 | with a longer (but not the longest) upper course Kehrbach |
Rannach | 242814 | Left | 12.7 | 44.0 | Bad Windsheim up. | 310 | Ergersheim - Ermetzhofen up. | 410 | |
Eschersbach | 242816… | right | about | 1.2approx. | 1.1Bad Windsheim nO | 307 | Bad Windsheim nO | 318 | flows into the right arm of the Alte Aisch |
Linkenbach | 242816… | right | approx. | 8.8approx. | 11.4Bad Windsheim nO | 305 | Obernzenn - Breitenau n.O. | 428 | flows into the right continuation of the Aisch flood canal of the Alte Aisch arm, which has already flowed back here ; several section names from the source pond of the Alder Trench |
Underground hole trench | 242815 ... | right | approx. | 0.8approx. | 0.2Bad Windsheim- Lenkersheim up. | 304 | Bad Windsheim-Lenkersheim nO | 305 | |
Pipe trench | 242815 ... | right | approx. | 3.1approx. | 4.6Bad Windsheim-Lenkersheim dev. | 303 | Ipsheim - Weimersheim at | 349 | maybe left branch of the uppermost Maiheimer trench |
Kühwasengraben | 242816… | Left | approx. | 8.7approx. | 16.1Bad Windsheim-Lenkersheim nO | 302 | Ergersheim n.O. | 379 | flows into the Aisch flood canal; with section name sequence Gräfbach → Mühlbach → Kühwasengraben |
Mailheimer Graben | 242815 ... | right | approx. | 3.4approx. | 2.5Ipsheim - Oberndorf in | 301 | Ipsheim - Weimersheim in | 354 | branches off to the right to the Grundgraben-Unterlauf, s. u. |
Hillerfeldgraben | 242816… | Left | approx. | 2.6approx. | 1.0Oberndorf opposite. | 301 | Bad Windsheim / Ipsheim border at | 311 | mostly only inconsistently water-bearing tufts of dirt roads |
Ground trench | 242816… | right | approx | 3.8approx. | 2.0Oberndorf at | 301 | Ipsheim- Mäusberg in | 371 | flows into the Aisch flood canal; Right branch of Mailheimer Graben, but with a longer upper course Seegraben from Mäusberg |
Lappachgraben | 242815 ... | right | approx. | 3.6approx. | 3.6Ipsheim in | 300 | Mäusberg at | 361 | |
Deep | 242815 ... | Left | approx. | 10.4approx. | 33.6Ipsheim- Nundorfermühle up. | 299 | Bad Windsheim Oberntief asc. | 345 | with right upper course Lochbach ; branches off the Grauwinkelgraben at the lower reaches in Kaubenheim to the left |
Grauwinkelgraben | 242816… | Left | approx. | 2.3approx. | 3.5Nundorfermühl dev. | 297 | Ipsheim- Kaubenheim in | 300 | flows into the Aisch flood canal; left branch of the deep-underflow |
Lindgraben | 242815 ... | right | approx | 3.8approx | 4.8Dietersheim - Dottenheim up. | 297 | Ipsheim- hoheneck castle at | 345 | maybe another name in the Aisch-Aue |
Aalbach | 242816… | Left | approx. | 5.3approx. | 6.1Dietersheim vs. | 294 | Dietersheim- Hausenhof at | 356 | flows into the Aisch flood canal |
Großriedgraben | 242817 ... | Left | approx | 1.8approx. | 1.3Neustadt an der Aisch - Schauerheim up. | 293 | Neustadt an der Aisch- Hasenlohe at | 302 | with upper course Wasserfeldgraben |
Nesselbach | 242817 ... | Left | approx | 9.2approx. | 19.5Schauerheim at | 293 | Bad Windheim - Rehhof at | 358 | |
Riedgraben | 242817 ... | right | approx. | 1.9approx | 1.6Neustadt an der Aisch- Birkenfeld up. | 293 | Dietersheim at | 294 | |
Schweinachbach | 242818 | right | 7.8 | 34.5 | Neustadt an der Aisch- powder mill at | 282 | Neustadt an der Aisch- Mr. Neuses at | 388 | |
Willow moat | 242819 ... | Left | about | 1.5approx. | 1.1Powder mill vs. | 292 | Schauerheim nO | 321 | Estuary at the railway bridge over the Aisch |
Rempelsbach | 242819 ... | Left | approx | 7.1approx | 12.6Powder mill vs. | 292 | Neustadt an der Aisch-- Unternesselbach n.O. | 337 | |
Pfalzbach | 242819 ... | Left | approx | 1.6about | 1.5Neustadt an der Aisch , Riedfeld district in | 291 | Neustadt an der Aisch, district Riedfeld up. | 333 | Estuary at the Obermühle |
Strahlbach | 242819 ... | right | approx. | 6.1approx. | 10.8Neustadt an der Aisch in | 289 | Emskirchen - Wulkersdorf n.O. | 360 | |
Erlbach | 242819 ... | right | approx. | 2.4approx | 1.7Diespeck - Klobenmühle up. | 287 | Diespeck - lower Saxony N.O. | 336 | |
Sachsenbach | 242819 ... | right | approx. | 5.2approx | 7.1Diespeck - Klobenmühle at | 287 | Emskirchen- cold Neuses at | 361 | |
Ehebach | 24282 | Left | 26.7 | 271.0 | Diespeck- Bruckmühle desc. | 284 | Markt Nordheim - Herbolzheim n.O. | 362 | with the river Nachtwasengraben → Ehebach ; Length with the left upper course from Bibart 30.1 km |
Steinach | 242892 | Left | 15.2 | 47.7 | Gutenstetten at | 282 | Scheinfeld - Kornhöfstadt up. | 375 | |
Engelsbach | 242893 ... | Left | approx. | 4.9approx. | 7.9Gerhardshofen - Rappoldshofen up. | 281 | Münchsteinach - Pirkachshof at | 343 | |
Vahlenmühlbach | 242893 ... | right | approx. | 6.9approx. | 14.2Gerhardshofen at | 279 | Emskirchen- Hohholz n.O. | 368 | with right upper course Willmersbach |
Kümmelbach | 242893 ... | Left | approx. | 3.0approx. | 3.5Dachsbach up. | 279 | Dachsbach- Rauschenberg n.O. | 328 | flows into a floodplain to the left Aisch dividing arm Saulach |
Reisigbach | 242893 ... | right | approx | 6.4approx. | 10.7Dachsbach dev. | 277 | Gerhardshofen- Kästel up. | 331 | Pond runoff; Name also Reisichbach |
Aubbach | 242893 ... | right | approx. | 2.4approx. | 2.0Dachsbach dev. | 276 | Dachsbach- Göttelbrunn n.O. | 289 | Pond runoff |
Aschenbach | 242893 ... | right | approx. | 5.4about | 7.5Uehlfeld - Demantsfürth up. | 275 | Dachsbach- Arnshöchstädt at | 316 | flows on the municipal boundary to Dachsbach; Pond runoff |
Weisach | 242894 | Left | 11.3 | 24.8 | Uehlfeld up. | 275 | Münchsteinach - Altershausen up. | 342 | |
Altenweihergraben | 242895 ... | right | about | 1.5about | 1.2Uehlfeld- Voggendorf up. | 274 | Uehlfeld- Gottesgab n.O. | 278 | drains part of the ponds around Gottesgab in the right-hand Teuilungslauf Schleiflach der Aisch |
Wintersbachgraben | 242895 ... | right | approx | 4.5approx. | 7.9Voggendorf dev. | 273 | Höchstadt an der Aisch - Ailersbach at | 300 | with section name sequence Ailersbach → Leitengraben → Wintersbachgraben |
Trench | 242895 ... | Left | approx. | 2.9approx | 3.8Lonnerstadt - Mailach asc. | 273 | Uehlfeld nO | 309 | Trench is perhaps just the name of the valley |
Aischgraben | 242895 ... | Left | approx. | 0.8approx | 0.9Lonnerstadt nO | 271 | Lonnerstadt at | 272 | left branch of the mouth of the Kleine Weisach , exit from this opposite Lonnerstadt |
Little Weisach | 242896 | Left | 22.4 | 66.9 | Höchstadt an der Aisch - Greiendorf opposite. | 270 | Scheinfeld - Neuses n.O. | 380 | with the upper reaches of Leyenbach : additional dry trenches begin before Neuses |
Krummbach | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 2.7approx. | 3.9Höchstadt at the Aisch- Greienmühle opposite . | 270 | Lonnerstadt up. | 297 | Runoff from a chain of forest ponds |
Schwarzenbach | 242899 ... | right | about | 6.5approx. | 12.1Höchstadt an der Aisch in | 267 | Höchstadt an der Aisch- United Neuses at | 303 | Outflow of the peep pond, mouth opposite the city mill |
Hartweggraben | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 0.5approx. | 0.2Höchstadt an der Aisch in | 267 | Höchstadt an der Aisch in | 268 | Auengraben between the edge of the building and Aisch |
Plow ditch | 242899 ... | right | approx. | 1.1approx. | 0.6Gremsdorf up. | 267 | Höchstadt an der Aisch in | 268 | Auengraben along the Aisch |
Birkach | 242899 ... | Left | approx | 6.2approx. | 12.4Höchstadt an der Aisch- Medbach up. | 267 | Höchstadt an der Aisch- Nackendorf up. | 296 | Length from the beginning of the forest ponds in the community-free Birkach forest , up to 1.7 km further, partly unstable upper courses |
Erlenbach | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 7.0approx. | 13.1Höchstadt an der Aisch- Medbach in | 265 | Höchstadt an der Aisch- Bösenbechhofen up. | 309 | with the longest upper course that begins in the Grethelmark forest |
Staffelbach | 242899 ... | right | approx | 4.5approx. | 12.9Adelsdorf - Nainsdorf asc. | 263 | Höchstadt an der Aisch no | 279 | |
Egelgraben | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 1.3approx | 1.4Höchstadt an der Aisch- Pine Village desc. | 263 | Höchstadt an der Aisch-Medbach nO | 286 | last runway in a floodplain to the Aisch |
Melmgraben | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 0.7approx. | 0.4Adelsdorf- Aisch up. | 263 | Adelsdorf-Aisch nO | 281 | |
Reutgraben | 242899 ... | right | approx. | 6.7approx. | 12.7Adelsdorf-Aisch opposite. | 260 | Hemhofen - Zeckern n.O, | 315 | Name only safe on the upper reaches |
Bodenfeldgraben | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 4.3approx. | 3.1Adelsdorf- Uttstadt dev. | 258 | Höchstadt an der Aisch- Bösenbechhofen n.O. | 304 | with the remains of the Aisch oxbow lake on the lower reaches and over the longest strand of the right tributary Grenzgraben |
Weihergraben | 242899 ... | right | approx. | 3.5approx. | 3.1Adelsdorf- Weppersdorf at | 258 | Heroldsbach - Oesdorf n.O. | 321 | Name maybe only of the right upper course up to the Sichsenweihern |
Mill moat | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 0.5approx. | 0.1Adelsdorf- run at | 257 | Adelsdorf run at | 258 | Alluvial flow in the Laufer Mühle |
Aischgraben | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 5.9approx. | 12.9Hallerndorf - Willerdorf asc. | 255 | Höchstadt an der Aisch- Zentbechhofen n.O. | 307 | with section name string Haidweihergraben → Herrenseegraben → Aischgraben |
Braunersgraben | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 3.6approx. | 3.1Hallerndorf-Willersdorf dev. | 254 | Hallerndorf- Stiebarlimbach asc. | 332 | |
Aubgraben | 242899 ... | right | approx. | 4.1approx. | 3.2Hallerndorf-Willersdorf dev. | 254 | Hausen - Wimmelbach n.O. | 339 | with section name string Hellergraben → Willersdorfer Graben → Aischgraben |
Emmertsgraben | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 2.0approx. | 2.1Hallerndorf up. | 254 | Hallerndorf- Schnaid n.O. | 303 | |
Tappenbach | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 4.1approx. | 5.7Hallerndorf dev. | 251 | Hallerndorf- Schnaid at | 346 | with the longest strand ? → Buchersgraben → Tappenbach |
Trailsdorf Erlenbach | 242899 ... | Left | approx. | 3.0about | 2.8Hallerndorf- Trailsdorf in | 248 | Hallerndorf-Trailsdorf up, | 299 | |
Aisch | 2428 | n / A. | 83.0 | 1006.8 | n / A. | 244 | Burgbernheim - Schwebheim n.O. | 319 |
Character and dates
Like most of the western tributaries of the Regnitz, the Aisch has a low gradient and a low runoff as well as sand structures in the bank area and in the river bed . In the upper reaches it is very shallow and only reaches a depth of 1.5 m. Only in the lower area is it up to 6 m deep and reaches a width of up to 15 m.
The Aisch has water quality classes II-III throughout .
nature and environment
In the Aisch came and come u. a. of the carp , white fish ( roach , Rudd , bream , Barbe , chub ) that Tench , the pike , the Waller , the eel and perch before. The crab plague of 1880 almost completely eradicated the previously very widespread cancer in the Aisch and its tributaries. Only after 1925 did the population increase again.
Culture
The Aischgründer Spiegelkarpfen is breaded as a regional delicacy that has also made it to international fame. In the Aischgrund there were a total of 1,500 ponds in which carp had been systematically bred since the Middle Ages . The Aischgründer Bierstrasse runs along the river from Bad Windsheim to Höchstadt an der Aisch.
On the upper reaches to Lonnerstadt the population is predominantly Protestant, on the lower reaches from Höchstadt onwards predominantly Catholic. The places Höchstadt, Aisch, Adelsdorf, Uttstadt, Lauf and Weppersdorf am Unterlauf belonged to Upper Franconia until the regional reform in Bavaria and then came to Middle Franconia. The discontinued Aisch Valley Railway , coming from the former Ansbach-Evangelical Neustadt / Aisch, ended in the last larger Evangelical town, the Aischgrundbahn , coming from the Bamberg-Catholic Forchheim, in the Catholic Höchstadt. In the local dialect, older residents of Höchstadt speak of going "to Luthrische" when driving to Lonnerstadt.
See also
literature
- Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Aisch . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 1 : A-egg . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1799, DNB 790364298 , OCLC 833753073 , Sp. 37-39 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Map of the catchment area in the basic data for flowing waters of Bavaria, Bavarian State Office for the Environment
- Course of the Aisch on the BayernAtlas
Individual evidence
- ↑ Length according to: Directory of brook and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 70 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB) (up to page 72; page numbers may change)
- ↑ Catchment area according to: List of brook and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 70 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB) (up to page 72; page numbers may change)
- ↑ Bavarian flood news service (as of September 6, 2011)
- ↑ Max Döllner : Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch until 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1950. (New edition 1978 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Ph. CW Schmidt Neustadt an der Aisch 1828-1978. ) P. 8, Note 5.
- ^ Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 20–21 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ Bammesberger : Aisch
- ↑ Geotope: Origin of the Aisch (accessed on March 22, 2020).
- ↑ The source of the Aisch has dried up . In: Main-Post from January 11, 2020
- ↑ Aischquelle dries up: Was it climate change or gypsum mining? Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
-
↑ a b
length, if entered there, according to:
- List of brook and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 70 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB) (up to page 72; the page numbers may change)
-
↑ a b
catchment area, if entered there, to:
- List of brook and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 70 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB) (up to page 72; the page numbers may change)
- ↑ Altitude queried (with a right click) on the background map Topographic map on: BayernAtlas of the Bavarian State Government ( information )
- ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for the Environment: Summary of the reports on the 2004 inventory in Bavaria : Reports to the European Commission according to Art. 5, Annex II and Annex III, as well as Art. 6, Annex IV, of the Water Framework Directive. (PDF) 1st version, Augsburg, 2006, p. 27.
- ^ Max Döllner : History of the development of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch until 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1950. (New edition 1978 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the publishing house Ph. CW Schmidt Neustadt an der Aisch 1828-1978. ) P. 460.
- ^ The Aisch , fishing association Aisch eV
- ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 460.