Unteresselbach

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Unteresselbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 34 ′ 54 ″  N , 10 ° 30 ′ 37 ″  E
Height : 324  (300-340)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.31 km²
Residents : 480  (2011)
Population density : 58 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1980
Postal code : 91413
Area code : 09164
St. Bartholomew Church
Former parish house with the remains of the old church fortifications known as the "Wall"

Unteresselbach is a district of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch in the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim in Middle Franconia .

geography

The parish village lies on the Nesselbach , which is a left tributary of the Aisch , and on the Lindengraben, which is a left tributary of the Nesselbach. Approx. The Eulenberg ( 421  m above sea level ) in Güterholz rises 0.5 km north-west of the village, the Tannenlohe approx. 0.5 km north, the Haag forest area and the Poschet land area approx. 0.75 km east and immediately south-west borders the Alte Gasse corridor area .

The district road NEA 26 runs to Langenfeld to state road 2256 (3.6 km north) or to Altheim (3.2 km south). The district road NEA 6 runs to Schauerheim (3.6 km east) or to Obernesselbach (1.7 km west).

history

middle Ages

The place was first mentioned by name in 881 as “Nezzilbach”, and in the course of time also “Nezzilinespach” and “Nesselbach” to “Nestelbach”. It is uncertain whether the place name is based on a personal name or a plant name.

During the church renovation in 1640, coins with the year 1051 were found. They suggest that the village and the church are very old.

In a document from 1238, Emperor Friedrich II confirmed that Nesselbach, which until then belonged to Albert von Thyfen, was handed over to Gottfried von Hohenlohe .

Around 1338 Emperor Charles IV enfeoffed the Hohenzollern burgraves of Nuremberg with Nesselbach. In a document from 1347, Charles IV confirmed the noble Ludwig von Hohenlohe the castle fiefs in "Obern" and "Nieder-Nezzelbach". In the 14th century Nesselbach became a realm village . Until 1525 these sovereign rights were contested by the imperial city of Rothenburg .

Through the seat of a ministerial palace (in 1365 the Nuremberg burgraves bought the castle property of Nesselbach from the burgrave ministerial Endres Rindsmaul) and the Bartholomäus church, first mentioned in a document in 1350 as a parish seat, the lower part of Nesselbach, Unterstesselbach, developed more important than the upper part, called Obernesselbach . After the abbess von Birkenfeld made barter deals with properties in Unteressebach in 1389, a close connection with the Birkenfeld monastery began . The connection to the Rindsmaulen, who had their seat on the nearby Virnsbergerhaag ("Schloßbuck"), broke off after 1409 (when the people of Nuremberg destroyed the robber baron's seat). The parish was subordinate to the Bishop of Würzburg and also showed its importance in the fact that from 1444 it was only awarded to canons by the Würzburg Cathedral Chapter. The parish also had Altheim , Dottenheim (to 1485), Hambühl (to 1464 or 1484) and chewing home with the chapel Berolzheim , probably Birkenfeld (until 1272), belongs to 1491 the parish only lower and upper Esselbach included. The epitaph of Melchior Neustetter was placed in the church in 1493, a relative of Jörg Neustetter called Stürmer , who in 1480 received the Unteresselbach Castle (still visible around 1700 and belonging to the Counts of Limpurg ) as a fief of the Counts of Castell , who have now become owners would have. Georg Wilhelm Neustetter called Stürmer (1605–1657) and his father Georg Neustetter called Stürmer as well as other "Neustädter called Stürmer von Unternesselbach" also belonged to the "Neustädtern" in Unteresselbach.

Modern times

On Saturday, April 17, 1518, Martin Luther is said to have arrived in Unteresselbach on a hike from Wittenberg to Heidelberg or Augsburg. Since the Catholic priest forbade entry to the church, he is said to have preached under the linden tree in front of the rectory. This has been called Lutherlinde ever since .

Since the early knife Nikolaus Brunner, who lived next to the church, married in 1519, he was withdrawn from his office. After the Reformation , which officially began in the region in 1528, the assets of the early mass came to the vicarage of Unterstesselbach, which was occupied by the Reformation Pastor Caspar Löner from Markt Erlbach , appointed by the Würzburg cathedral provost Friedrich von Brandenburg, who read the mass in German also worked as a preacher for the nuns in the Birkenfeld monastery. Löner worked from 1520 to 1524 in Unterstesselbach for the Reformation. Before he was called to Nesselbach, Löner studied in Erfurt and Wittenberg. The local legend told by Luther (see above) could have its origin in a visit by Luther to Löner in Markt Erlbach. After the Birkenfeld abbess and the monastery auditor Abbot Johann Leiterbach from Ebrach monastery complained about Löner, provost Friedrich removed him from Nesselbach in 1524 and transferred him to Hof. The Nesselbach farmers, who adhered to Löner's reformatory course, were also actively involved in the Peasants' War in 1525 . After Löner's transfer, a Catholic clergyman was reinstated in Unteresselbach, who was still working there in 1529.

The Nesselbach quarry, which is owned by the margrave and managed by the Neustadt caste office, was not only a supplier of building materials for Nesselbach buildings such as the castle, gates and city walls, but also for the figures of the Electress at the beautiful fountain in Nuremberg.

In autumn 1551 Albrecht Alcibiades enfeoffed his Erlangen rentmaster and his sons with the income from the parish of Unteresselbach.

Originally there was an important viticulture in Nesselbach. In the middle of the 16th century the pastor of Nesselbach (in addition to the margrave and the white bread baker Hans Gensterer or Gersterer) had a third of the “ tithe colders” in Neustadt, which he had to help build and maintain. The southern slopes of the Eulenberg and the "Hornberg" were planted with vines until 1905. The Weinbergsbuck on Schauerheimer Weg also points out the importance of viticulture. With the conversion to hop growing after the Thirty Years' War , viticulture declined and after 1900 there was another turn away from "this land use, which is so variable in terms of success and yield".

In 1607 103 people were killed by a plague. Another plague that broke out after the Thirty Years War had entered the Nesselbach area in 1632 killed 124 residents. The epidemics, known as the "plague", caused the deaths of 617 members of the parish between 1585 and 135. Damage to property, life and limb is said to have caused hordes of Croatians invading the two Nesselbach streams in 1632.

Pastor Ziegler, who came to Nesselbach and Schauerheim in 1651 (successor to Pastor Hartweg, who fled to Neustadt and was shot there in 1634 when the Forchheim garrison broke in), was mainly responsible for building up Unteresselbach after the war. He took care of construction and called exiles and other immigrants (including religious refugees) brought, including two Catholics from France (Cored later Kareth, and the mayor and Siebner become Kunig or Kunnich, later King), who held fast to their faith, and 58 Austrian and 17 Bavarian immigrants. In 1734 the pastor moved into a new rectory, which was built after the old one had sunk more and more.

In the further course, Unteresselbach changed the gentlemen more often, z. B. to the city of Rothenburg, the Lords of Rindsmaul and the Lords of Seckendorf zu Langenfeld . From 1791 to 1807 the inhabitants, from 1806 under French administration, were Prussian subjects, as the Margrave Casimir von Bayreuth had handed over the rule to the Margrave Alexander, who in turn appointed the King of Prussia as his heir as his successor.

At the end of the 18th century there were 64 properties in Unterstesselbach. The high court was exercised by the Brandenburg-Bayreuth city ​​bailiff Neustadt an der Aisch . The village and township government had the box office Neustadt held. The landlords were the Principality of Bayreuth (43 properties; box office Neustadt: 8 goods, 7 semi-goods, 12 farms, 1 drip farm , 1 house, 6 Häckersgütlein, bath room; monastery office Birkenfeld : 2 courtyards, 1 estate, 1 small house; Vogtamt Altheim : 3 courtyards) , the Unteresselbach parish (1 mill, 1 Höflein), the Ullstadt manor (18 properties: 1 inn, 6 estates, 10 houses, 1 small house) and the Burgbernheim administration of the Juliusspital in Würzburg (1 estate). In addition to the property, there was also the church and the rectory.

In 1810, Unteresselbach came to the new Kingdom of Bavaria . As part of the municipal edict, it was assigned to the Schauerheim tax district formed in 1811 . In 1813 the rural community Unterstesselbach was formed. It was subordinate to the regional court Neustadt an der Aisch in administration and jurisdiction and in the financial administration to the Rentamt Neustadt an der Aisch (renamed in 1920 to Finanzamt Neustadt an der Aisch ). The Ullstadt Patrimonial Court held voluntary jurisdiction and the police until 1848 . From 1862, Unteresselbach was administered by the Neustadt an der Aisch district office ( renamed Neustadt an der Aisch district in 1938 ). The jurisdiction remained with the district court Neustadt an der Aisch until 1879, from 1880 district court Neustadt an der Aisch . The municipality had an area of ​​8.305 km². The demands made by the Russians after the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 burdened the two Nesselbach communities until 1866. With the help of donations, a house in Unterstesselbach was set up to care for wounded soldiers in the German fratricidal war in 1866 . The church, renovated in 1836, received a new gallery in 1863 and a new organ in 1927.

In April 1923 a local group of the federal Oberland led by the teacher Erich Walz (1899-1993) as a district group leader was founded. In July 1923, Walz organized a "German Day" there, in which the Oberland Federal Leader Friedrich Weber also took part. There was no NSDAP local group in Unternesselbach, but a National Socialist farmers' meeting on December 9, 1931 with Fritz Raab (1905-1965) from Dettendorf, organized in 1931 on behalf of the local group Birkenfeld, was extremely well attended and was interpreted as a "sign of awakening". Walz remained a teacher in Unterstesselbach until 1934 and then worked in Neustadt ad Aisch until 1936 and in Lauf until 1945, where he was involved in the burning of the synagogue on November 9, 1938.

On July 1, 1972, the smaller Obernesselbach was incorporated into Unteresselbach as part of the regional reform . On January 1, 1980, the community of Unternesselbach was finally incorporated into Neustadt.

Village renewal took place in the 1980s / 90s. As a result of the village renewal, the village became the state winner in the competition Our village should be more beautiful (1993) and won the bronze medal at the federal level (1993). Unteresselbach is characterized by agriculture. Among other things, viticulture is being carried out again.

Architectural monuments

  • The dominant building in Unterstesselbach, which was renovated in 1836 and 1937, is the St. Bartholomew Church, which is surrounded by a defensive wall (the font and pulpit were made by Unternesselbach's pastor Lietzheimer († 1616), from whom the no longer honorable tombstone of his two children and the baptismal font originate in Altheim, created). It lies above the place and is visible from afar. Inside is the church garden. There are always events taking place there.
  • House No. 6: stable house
  • House No. 16: Former rectory
  • House No. 40: pub sign
  • House No. 119: stable house

Population development

year 1818 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1952 1961 1970 1987 2011
Residents 393 441 445 435 458 446 424 423 432 447 429 437 416 426 411 395 389 374 342 569 544 516 405 407 405 480
Houses 76 80 78 79 83 84 84 88 111
source

literature

Web links

Commons : Unterstesselbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 808 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 134.
  3. ↑ Unterstesselbach in the Bavaria Atlas
  4. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 126.
  5. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 126 f. and 129.
  6. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 134.
  7. ↑ Historical Lexicon of Bavaria: Gift of Limpurg .
  8. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 132.
  9. ↑ Bernd Warlich: Neustetter, called striker, Georg Wilhelm. In: The Thirty Years' War in personal testimonies, chronicles and reports. (Volkach) 2015.
  10. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 126–129.
  11. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 129 and 192.
  12. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 130.
  13. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 134 and 333.
  14. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 131.
  15. ↑ In 1679 the margrave issued a new sieving order, which is essentially based on that of 1573.
  16. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 131 f. and 269.
  17. ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 135 f.
  18. ^ Address and statistical manual for the Rezatkreis in the Kingdom of Baiern . Buchdruckerei Chancellery, Ansbach 1820, p. 60 ( digitized version ). HH Hofmann p. 222.
  19. ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 191.
  20. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 133 f.
  21. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 38 f. and 54.
  22. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 109 and 227.
  23. ^ Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch 1922–1933. Verlag Philipp Schmidt, 2016 (= Streiflichter from home history. Special volume 4); ISBN 978-3-87707-990-4 , p. 38 f. and 247-249.
  24. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 536 .
  25. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 733 .
  26. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 130 and 134.
  27. ↑ Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 1987 as residential buildings.
  28. ↑ Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkkreis according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 95 ( digitized version ).
  29. ↑ Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 203 ( digitized version ).
  30. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 180 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
  31. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1058 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  32. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1224 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ).
  33. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1158 ( digitized version ).
  34. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1231 ( digitized version ).
  35. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1269 ( digitized version ).
  36. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1102 ( digitized version ).
  37. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 177 ( digitized version ).
  38. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 341 ( digitized version ).