Birkenfeld (Neustadt an der Aisch)

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Birch field
Coordinates: 49 ° 34 ′ 23 "  N , 10 ° 34 ′ 11"  E
Height : 297–308 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 340  (May 25 1987)
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Postal code : 91413
Area code : 09161
Evangelical Lutheran branch church of St. Maria, former monastery church
Former Cistercian convent
Gate 17: Former monastery mill

Birkenfeld is a district of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch in the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim in Middle Franconia .

geography

The church village is on the Aisch . The Binsenbusch corridor area is located about 250 meters southwest of the village , and the Klausberg ( 358  m above sea level ) rises about one kilometer to the southwest . The federal highway 470 leads to Neustadt (2.5 km northeast) or Dietersheim (2.8 km southwest). The district road NEA 6 , which goes back to a flood-free road built in 1904, leads to Schauerheim (0.4 km northwest) or Weiherhof (1.3 km south). A community road leads to Stöckach (1.9 km southeast).

history

middle Ages

When the place Birkenfeld was probably founded near a birch forest can hardly be completely clarified, as the oldest documents disappeared in 1553 during the Second Margrave War or were taken back to Altenmuhr by Governor Friedrich von Lentersheim , as well as due to the plundering of the monastery built there in 1275 The Peasants 'War and the raids in the Thirty Years' War documents were largely destroyed. The first documented owner was the provost of Neumünster zu Würzburg , Andreas von Hohenlohe , who gave his monastery a fiefdom of Birkenfeld on May 26, 1245. The original Birkenfeld estate was probably parish off to Unternesselbach before 1275 .

Birkenfeld Monastery was founded in 1275 . The noble family Seckendorff , which had close ties to the Birkenfeld monastery, also owned Birkenfeld (possibly acquired in 1272 by the Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich III and his second wife Helene von Sachsen ). The Heilsbronn monastery in Birkenfeld had some basic gradients. The Cistercian nunnery Birkenfeld was visited by the abbots of Heilsbronn.

A small castle seat on the Klausberg was destroyed in 1474 by Albrecht I Achilles because of robberies that started there. After Albrecht's previous and further feuds had also caused other damage to subjects and monastery buildings, renovation measures and a reconstruction of the Birkenfeld church of St. Maria were carried out in 1482 (further improvements to this former monastery church were made after financial recovery in 1521). The wasteland of Birkenfeld, Am Ellenberg, was first mentioned by name in 1502/06 as "Welnperg".

Modern times

Until 1545 the monastery determined the fortunes of Birkenfeld and after that the place consisted mainly of the former monastery, the associated farm and buildings for civil servants and farm workers in the vicinity. During the Thirty Years' War , Birkenfeld and its stud farm were an important place and from November 1631 became the target of destructive attacks by enemy armies and horse theft . Birkenfeld was set on fire by imperial troops in November 1645 (the Neustädter Kastner Johann Jahn helped himself, especially since the (monastery) administrator and former Swedish officer Marr († 1647) was in Segitz at this time "because of the tithe" who hurried there with 30 men and was able to save part of the building). Only in 1648, after this war, did Birkenfeld itself develop into a village. With the support of the margrave, the former monastery church was first structurally restored and services were held there again in 1694. The Austrians and Swiss who had been summoned and occupied outside courtyards, for example, contributed to the further development. The buildings of the former monastery were restored in 1758 and the church received a new roof turret in 1759. Towards the end of the 18th century there were 27 properties in Birkenfeld (2 mills, 1 tavern, 1 brewery, 1 courtyard, 1 forge, 1 sheep farm, 2 half-estates, 17 houses, community shepherd's house). The high court was exercised by the Brandenburg-Bayreuth city ​​bailiff Neustadt an der Aisch . The Birkenfeld monastery office held the village and community rulership as well as the lordship over all properties . In 1796 the monastery office was transferred to the caste office in Neustadt and this in 1800 to the chamber office in Neustadt .

In 1808 the French used the monastery building as a military hospital. In 1810 Birkenfeld came to the new Kingdom of Bavaria . As part of the municipal edict, it was assigned to the Schauerheim tax district formed in 1811 . In 1813 the rural community Birkenfeld was formed, to which Dietersheim , Pulvermühle and Weiherhof belonged. With the second community edict (1818), the rural community was split into

  • Rural community of Birkenfeld with powder mill and Weiherhof,
  • Dietersheim rural community.

The rural community of Birkenfeld was subordinate to the regional court Neustadt an der Aisch in administration and jurisdiction and in the financial administration to the Rentamt Neustadt an der Aisch (renamed in 1920 to Finanzamt Neustadt an der Aisch). From 1862 Birkenfeld was administered by the Neustadt an der Aisch district office ( renamed Neustadt an der Aisch district in 1938 ). The jurisdiction remained with the district court Neustadt an der Aisch until 1879, from 1880 district court Neustadt an der Aisch . The municipality had an area of ​​3.759 km².

Birkenfeld received its own school in 1858. After the school was lost in World War I, the children were taught in Schauerheim.

The later Neustädter City Council (1929–1931, SPD ) and Birkenfeld community clerk Michael Kaspar (1899–1944) founded as a local group leader of the Socialist Workers' Youth with other SPD members in Neustadt in 1923 a “German Democratic Protection Association” against attacks and disturbances by the physical clashes between supporters of the spreading National Socialism in the district and violent left groups. So Kaspar wrote in a "battle song" "[...] Left and right-wing terrorism is hated, us black-red-gold freedom crowd". After 1933, Kaspar, now an “ardent National Socialist”, became NSDAP local group leader in Birkenfeld. The first chairman and co-founder of the Birkenfeld NSDAP local group was the grocer Fritz Stahl (1901–1969), who was born in Nuremberg.

On January 1, 1972, Birkenfeld was incorporated into Neustadt as part of the regional reform .

Architectural monuments

Population development

Birkenfeld community

year 1818 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1952 1961 1970
Residents 210 211 215 208 210 216 213 287 200 204 216 213 226 238 279 250 252 256 263 429 465 442 467 410
Houses 38 41 41 42 43 48 55 79
source

Place Birkenfeld

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987
Residents 177 110 192 193 186 205 231 381 412 366 340
Houses 34 37 39 40 43 50 75 85
source

literature

Web links

Commons : Birkenfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Birkenfeld , in: Georg Muck: History of Heilsbronn Monastery , Volume 2  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 341 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Max Döllner (1904), p. 158.
  3. ↑ Birkenfeld in the Bavaria Atlas
  4. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 150 and 152.
  5. ↑ H. Sponholz (Ed.), P. 76.
  6. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 150 and 152.
  7. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 150 f.
  8. ↑ G. Muck, Vol. 2, p. 379.
  9. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 150 f.
  10. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 153.
  11. ↑ H. Sponholz (Ed.), P. 78.
  12. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), pp. 155–157, 231, 235, 242 f., 250 and 252.
  13. ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 82 f.
  14. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 157.
  15. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 157.
  16. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 157.
  17. ^ Address and statistical manual for the Rezatkreis in the Kingdom of Baiern . Buchdruckerei Chancellery, Ansbach 1820, p. 58 ( digitized version ). HH Hofmann p. 222.
  18. ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 183.
  19. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 803 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 158.
  21. ^ Wolfgang Mück, Helmut Schuster: 75 years of the SPD Neustadt ad Aisch. Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, p. 71.
  22. ^ Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia. The Volkish Awakening in Neustadt ad Aisch 1922–1933. Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 2016 (= Streiflichter aus der Heimatgeschichte. Ed. By Geschichts- und Heimatverein Neustadt ad Aisch e.V., special volume 4), 3rd, extended edition ibid. 2016, p. 32, 142 f. and 218 f.
  23. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 244 f.
  24. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 536 .
  25. ↑ Max Döllner (1950), p. 158.
  26. ↑ a b Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 1987 as residential buildings.
  27. ↑ a b Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 10 ( digitized version ). For the community of Birkenfeld plus the residents and buildings of Pulvermühle (p. 73) and Weiherhof (p. 103). Different or supplementary information from Max Döllner (1950), p. 158: 177 inhabitants in 1840, 205 inhabitants in 1904, 256 inhabitants in 1936, 263 inhabitants in 1941.
  28. ^ A b Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 196 ( digitized version ). The population for the place is wrong, consequently also with 143 E. not applicable for the municipality. Therefore, the number of inhabitants was corrected according to the information in the historical municipality directory.
  29. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 179 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
  30. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1055 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  31. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1220 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ).
  32. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1154-1155 ( digitized version ).
  33. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1227 ( digitized version ).
  34. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1264-1265 ( digitized version ).
  35. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1094-1095 ( digitized version ).
  36. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 176 ( digitized version ).