Horse theft
Horse theft is the theft of horses . Horse theft is similar to car theft in modern times and was common around the world before the advent of automobiles .
history
Europe
According to an 18th century treatise, the use of the death penalty for horse theft dates back to the first century when the Germanic Chauken tribe punished horse theft with the death penalty, while murder was punishable by fines. This was because the people's wealth came from their livestock and the theft could only be prevented through draconian punishments.
According to the Edictum Rothari , a collection of 643 laws by the Longobard King Rothari , you had to pay “ahtugild” (eight times its value) for horse theft and return the animal or reimburse nine times its value.
Horse theft was also common in the Middle Ages and the early modern period . While numerous crimes were punished with pillory , horse theft often resulted in severe penalties such as branding , torture , banishment or even the death penalty .
In the Bordeaux area, too , horse theft was punished with severe penalties from the 15th to the 18th centuries, ranging from whipping to galley punishment . These were otherwise also imposed in the case of poisoning or manslaughter , which shows how seriously the law took horse theft.
In Berkshire , England , horse theft was treated like any other property crime in the 18th century .
In 19th century Russia, horse theft was punished more severely than other thefts because horses played a large part in daily life. The punishment was usually whipping and shaving the head and beard, as well as, if the horse had already been resold, a fine of up to three times the sales price.
United States
In the United States of the 19th century were states of the Great Plains , Texas and other states in the West sparsely populated and there was little internal security . On the one hand, farmers reclaimed the land of the Great Plains, on the other hand, settlers moved further west . The horses were always in danger of being stolen by the other population group. Both the lives of the farmers and the settlers depended on their horses. Horse theft was particularly frowned upon and "horse thief" was a swear word that denied the person being insulted any moral feeling.
The Society in Dedham for apprehending Horse Thieves from Massachusetts was founded in 1810 as a vigilante group founded at the horse theft. At that time there were over 70 such organizations in New England . Most have broken up or turned into social clubs.
The Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society has existed in Ohio since 1853 . Suspects of horse theft were followed by members of the organization and often hanged without trial. The society has existed for over 150 years and has since transformed into a social club that hosts a large banquet once a year.
1854 was anti-Horse Thief Association in Clark County established to devote itself to the protection of property and livestock, and support it offered to acquire stolen property back. Originally, the vigilante acted in the triangle of Missouri , Illinois and Iowa . In 1894 an offshoot of the organization was founded in Oklahoma . By 1916 the organization had 40,000 members in nine states in the Midwest.
today
Even today, horse theft is not uncommon. Horses are stolen, for example, to get the meat, to demand ransom , because of disputes or for resale. In the European Union, implanted microchips are required for horses born in 2009 or later , which can help identify lost horses.
Stolen Horse International is an organization founded in the United States in 1997 that strives to recover stolen horses and return them to their owners. In the United States, horse theft is still sometimes punished with draconian punishment. In 2011, a woman in Arkansas was sentenced to 60 years in prison for stealing five horses and horse equipment. One of the horses was later found dead, the others could be returned.
Horse theft in culture
- Horse thieves (1890), is a short story by the Russian writer Anton Chekhov.
- Among the Horse Thieves in Arizona (1925), is an American film directed by George B. Seitz
- The strange horse thief (18982), is a children's book by Margot Potthoff
Individual evidence
- ↑ [1] Geo. C. Blakely, Photographer, “Thirteen Snapshots of Life in the Untrammeled Bunch Grass County: Execution After the Verdict,” The Oregon Native Son Volume 2, p. 520, May 1900
- ^ A view of society in Europe in its progress from rudeness to refinement , Gilbert Stuart, J. Murray, 1782, p. 163
- ^ Rachel Ginnis Fuchs, Gender and Poverty in Nineteenth Century Europe , Cambridge University Press, 2005, page 97, ISBN 052162102X
- ^ Punishment and Reform in Europe , Louis A. Knafla, Crime, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. p. 17. ISBN 0313310149
- ↑ Knafla, page 201
- ^ Serfdom and Social Control in Russia , Steven L. Hoch, University of Chicago Press, 1989, p. 169. ISBN 0226345858
- ^ Luckett, Matthew S., Honor among Thieves: Horse Stealing, State-Building, and Culture in Lincoln County, Nebraska, 1860–1890, Ph.D. University of California Los Angeles, 2014
- ^ The Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves . Retrieved June 15, 2015.
- ^ Historical Sketch . The Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
- ^ Bentonville Anti-Horse Thief Society . Ohio History Central. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
- ^ Anti Horse Thief Association
- ↑ Horse thieves on the move in OWL , Jobst Lüdeking, Lippische Landes-Zeitung, March 17, 2019
- ^ French Horses Allegedly Stolen for Meat , Christa Lesté-Lasserre, The Horse, April 22, 2013
- ↑ Miniature pony stolen from Italian horse show , Michael Walsh, New York Daily News, September 16, 2013
- ^ Thwarting Horse Thieves , Pat Raia, The Horse, June 1, 2012
- ^ Carolyn Roy: Cox gets 60 years in SAU horse theft trial . KSLA News. July 15, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.